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排序方式: 共有125条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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RN Zadoks E Scholz SM Rowe JM Norris HB Pooley J House 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(4):142-152
Numerous culture-based diagnostics are available on the Australian and international markets for on-farm detection of bacterial pathogens in milk. Use of such diagnostics may provide an opportunity to improve the prudent use of antimicrobials in udder health management. Farms are low-resource settings in terms of diagnostic microbiology capacity. The World Health Organisation has identified criteria for the evaluation of diagnostic tests in low resource settings based on Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, User-friendliness, being Rapid or Robust, Equipment-free and being Deliverable (ASSURED). Here, we review how those criteria can be interpreted in the context of microbiological diagnosis of mastitis pathogens, and how on-farm diagnostics that are currently available in Australia perform relative to ASSURED criteria. This evaluation identifies multiple trade-offs, both with regard to scientific criteria and with regards to convenience criteria. More importantly, the purpose of testing may differ between farms, and test performance should be evaluated relative to its intended use. The ability of on-farm mastitis diagnostics to inform mastitis treatment decision-making in a timely and cost-effective manner depends not just on test characteristics but also on farm-specific pathogen prevalence, and on the farm enterprise's priorities and the farm manager's potential courses of action. With most assay evaluations to date conducted in professional laboratories, there is a surprising dearth of information on how well any of the diagnostic tests perform on-farm and, indeed, of the on-farm decision-making processes that they aim to inform. 相似文献
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PJ Waller G Bernes SM Thamsborg A Sukura SH Richter K Ingebrigtsen J H?glund 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2001,42(1):31-44
Preparations derived from plants were the original therapeutic interventions used by man to control diseases (including parasites), both within humans and livestock. Development of herbal products depended upon local botanical flora with the result that different remedies tended to develop in different parts of the world. Nevertheless, in some instances, the same or related plants were used over wide geographic regions, which also was the result of communication and/or the importation of plant material of high repute. Thus, the Nordic countries have an ancient, rich and diverse history of plant derived anthelmintic medications for human and animal use. Although some of the more commonly used herbal de-wormers were derived from imported plants, or their products, many are from endemic plants or those that thrive in the Scandinavian environment. With the advent of the modern chemotherapeutic era, and the discovery, development and marketing of a seemingly unlimited variety of highly efficacious, safe synthetic chemicals with very wide spectra of activities, herbal remedies virtually disappeared from the consciousness--at least in the Western world. This attitude is now rapidly changing. There is a widespread resurgence in natural product medication, driven by major threats posed by multi-resistant pest, or disease, organisms and the diminishing public perceptions that synthetic chemicals are the panacea to health and disease control. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive account of the depth of historical Nordic information available on herbal de-wormers, with emphasis on livestock and to provide some insights on potentially rewarding areas of "re-discovery" and scientific evaluation in this field. 相似文献
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SM Rhind 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(4):282-290
Contents The sources and characteristics of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are reviewed and discussed with respect to their potential effects on farm animal health, welfare and productivity. The importance of certain properties of these compounds in relation to the expression of their biological effects is addressed together with potential routes of exposure. It is concluded that little is known of factors affecting the tissue concentrations of EDCs in farm animals, the concentrations that are required to perturb physiological function in these species, the effects of prolonged exposure to low doses, the effect of cocktails of EDCs and other pollutants or the responses of specific organs and physiological systems that are affected by EDCs. Much of the available information pertaining to EDCs is derived from epidemiological studies of wildlife species and from laboratory animal studies and while these studies have significant limitations, they are considered to be valuable indicators of potential effects in farm animal species. The results of such studies, together with the small amounts of data from studies of ruminants, indicate that there may be significant effects of exposure to environmental levels of EDCs on farm animal health, even although effects are not generally apparent in practice, at this time. 相似文献
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Davis WC Heirman LR Hamilton MJ Parish SM Barrington GM Loftis A Rogers M 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2000,74(1-2):103-120
The present study was undertaken to characterize the immune system of llamas and alpacas and establish the basis for an immunodeficiency disorder affecting juvenile llamas. Flow cytometric (FC) analysis of the immune system with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) revealed the immune system of llamas and alpacas is similar in leukocyte subset composition to that in ruminants. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells in adults are comprised of surface immunoglobulin (sIg(+)) B-cells (31%+/-8 S.D.), alphabeta T-cells (27%+/-12 S.D.), WC1(+) gammadelta T-cells (16%+/-11 S.D.), and 5-16% monocytes. In contrast to cattle, goats, and sheep, however, the frequency of WC1(+) gammadelta T-cells is not high in juveniles but similar to the frequency in adults. Also, sIg(+) B-cells are present in high concentration in juveniles (43%+/-11 S.D. ). Expression of major histocompatibility class II molecules on resting T-cells was low or absent. Comparative analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte composition in normal juvenile llamas and llamas presenting with the signs of the juvenile llama immunodeficiency syndrome (JLIDS) revealed the concentration of B-cells is extremely low (1-5%) in affected animals. The findings suggest JLIDS is attributable to an autosomal recessive genetic defect in the development of B-cells. 相似文献
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Christopher J Bonar Ernesto O Boede Manuel García Hartmann Joanne Lowenstein-Whaley Esmeralda Mujica-Jorquera Scott V Parish James V Parish Michael M Garner Cynthia K Stadler 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(2):177-191
River dolphins are especially susceptible to negative human impacts. For their conservation, attempts of relocation or procreation ex situ may become important in the future to avoid their extinction. Additional knowledge and medical experiences of river dolphin management in captivity may aid such conservation efforts. The medical records and necropsy and histopathology reports on 123 captive Amazon River dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) were re-viewed. Of these 123 animals, 105 were necropsied and 70 necropsies were supported with histopathology. Eighteen animals were not necropsied. Among wild-born animals, mortality was highest in the first 2 mo immediately postcapture and transport, accounting for 32 of 123 deaths. Pneumonia and skin lesions (cutaneous and subcutaneous ulcerations and abscesses) were the most common findings, found in 44 of 105 (42%) and 38 of 105 (36%) of gross diagnoses, respectively. At least 10 of 44 cases of pneumonia diagnosed grossly included a verminous component. Cachexia, from a variety of causes, was a major gross finding in 21 animals. Fifteen animals had histologic evidence of significant renal pathology, and this was the primary cause of death in 13 cases. Hepatic pathology was found in 18 cases, and bacterial sepsis was confirmed via histology in 16 cases. Based on these findings, it may be concluded that keys to successful maintenance of this species include 1) prophylactic anthelminthic and antibiotic therapy immediately post-capture; 2) maintenance of animals in larger enclosures than in past attempts, in compatible groups, and in facilities capable of separating aggressive animals; 3) maintenance in microbiologically hygienic water quality at all times; and 4) a proactive program of preventive medicine during the immediate postcapture, quarantine, and maintenance period of captivity. 相似文献
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FACIAL FIBROSARCOMA IN TWO COWS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lisa G. Britt DVM MS Ohn R. Middleton DVM Reginlad A. Valdez DVM MS Russell L. Tucker DVM Steven M. Parish DVM Jeff W. Tyler DVM PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1998,39(1):18-21
Fibrosarcoma is a common tumor affecting bone, but is uncommon in cows, Reported here are two bovine cases of facial fibrosarcoma that were very invasive. 相似文献
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K Rogers G M Barrington S M Parish 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1997,38(10):643-644
A nonhealing wound associated with a laceration in a 12-year-old llama was evaluated. Initial attempts at closure were unsuccessful and biopsy revealed scar tissue. Subsequent biopsies, 18 mo later, revealed squamous cell carcinoma with regional metastasis. This report describes squamous cell carcinoma, secondary to a traumatic wound in a llama. 相似文献