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Analgesic efficacy of an oral transmucosal spray formulation of meloxicam alone or in combination with tramadol in cats with naturally occurring osteoarthritis 下载免费PDF全文
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Paulo VM Steagall Ludovic Pelligand Tatiana Giordano Christophe Auberger John W Sear Stelio PL Luna Polly M Taylor 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(1):83-95
ObjectiveTo describe simultaneous pharmacokinetics (PK) and thermal antinociception after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) buprenorphine in cats.Study designRandomized, prospective, blinded, three period crossover experiment.AnimalsSix healthy adult cats weighing 4.1 ± 0.5 kg.MethodsBuprenorphine (0.02 mg kg?1) was administered IV, IM or SC. Thermal threshold (TT) testing and blood collection were conducted simultaneously at baseline and at predetermined time points up to 24 hours after administration. Buprenorphine plasma concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. TT was analyzed using anova (p < 0.05). A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model of the IV data was described using a model combining biophase equilibration and receptor association-dissociation kinetics.ResultsTT increased above baseline from 15 to 480 minutes and at 30 and 60 minutes after IV and IM administration, respectively (p < 0.05). Maximum increase in TT (mean ± SD) was 9.3 ± 4.9 °C at 60 minutes (IV), 4.6 ± 2.8 °C at 45 minutes (IM) and 1.9 ± 1.9 °C at 60 minutes (SC). TT was significantly higher at 15, 60, 120 and 180 minutes, and at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120 minutes after IV administration compared to IM and SC, respectively. IV and IM buprenorphine concentration-time data decreased curvilinearly. SC PK could not be modeled due to erratic absorption and disposition. IV buprenorphine disposition was similar to published data. The PK-PD model showed an onset delay mainly attributable to slow biophase equilibration (t1/2ke0 = 47.4 minutes) and receptor binding (kon = 0.011 mL ng?1 minute?1). Persistence of thermal antinociception was due to slow receptor dissociation (t1/2koff = 18.2 minutes).Conclusions and clinical relevanceIV and IM data followed classical disposition and elimination in most cats. Plasma concentrations after IV administration were associated with antinociceptive effect in a PK-PD model including negative hysteresis. At the doses administered, the IV route should be preferred over the IM and SC routes when buprenorphine is administered to cats. 相似文献
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Bayemi P. H. Leinyuy I. Nsongka V. M. Webb E. C. Ebangi A. L. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(8):1779-1783
A study was carried out to evaluate the viability of extended cattle semen, without freezing, under different storage conditions.
The semen was collected from Holstein Friesian bulls using artificial vaginas. The semen was extended and stored in a 3-by-4
factorial design (storage system × ice change). The storage media were ice boxes, buckets, and refrigerator. The ice in these
media was either replaced daily, on the first and third day, first day only, or no ice at all after the semen collection.
Results showed an overwhelming evidence of the effect of storage medium and ice change on sperm viability (P < 0.0001). Individual motility before processing was highest in the refrigerator with averages of 44.5%, 39.5% in ice boxes,
and 10% in buckets during the 8-day experiment. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in progressive motility after processing in the refrigerator (34%) and in ice boxes (33%) but significantly higher
(P < 0.01) to the 10% obtained in buckets. It was shown that spermatozoa in the ice box retained 45% individual motility up
to the sixth day after semen was collected on the condition that the ice was changed on the third day. Progressive motility
after processing in the ice box was 40% up to the sixth day with the ice changed on the third day while the spermatozoa were
well preserved up to the fourth day in the same medium if the ice put on the first day was not changed. This study shows that,
if farmers plan to inseminate cows within the first day after semen collection, they can use buckets with ice for the transportation
of the extended semen ampoules from the artificial insemination center. Otherwise, the semen needs to be kept in ice boxes
and the ice changed on the third day after collection and this semen could be used within a week. 相似文献
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The persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus on wool 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SUMMARY Five Suffolk sheep, held in a high-security isolation room, were exposed for 2 hours to the aerosol of 3 mature pigs that had been infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), strain O1-BFS. The fleeces of 3 of the sheep were contaminated with FMDV at 2 days post exposure (dpe), while at 5 dpe the fleeces of all 5 sheep were more extensively, and more heavily, contaminated. The persistence of FMDV on contaminated wool was examined in vitro using multiple 0.5 g samples of Merino wool that were each contaminated with one of 3 strains of FMDV in tissue-culture medium: O1-BFS, O-Morocco (O-MOR 9/91) or an Asia 1 strain (TAI 1/90). Wool samples were held at either 4°C, 18°C or 37°C, and decay curves were established for each virus at each temperature. These curves predicted that O1-BFS, O-MOR 9/91 and TAI 1/90 would fall below detect-able levels at 72, 70 and 48 days post contamination (pc), respectively, for wool stored at 4°C; at 11, 12 and 12 days pc, respectively, for wool stored at 18°C; and at 57, 68 and 33 hours pc, respectively, for wool stored at 37°C. For wool contaminated with O1-BFS-infected sheep faeces, urine or blood, or with O1-BFS-infected cattle saliva, decay curves predicted virus to persist for 5 to 11 days pc at 18°C. We demonstrated that the simulated scouring of FMDV-contaminated wool at 60° to 70°C would usually reduce virus to below detectable levels. The detergent component of the scouring process had little, if any, antiviral activity, and scouring at 20°C or 50°C had limited impact on FMDV titres . We recommend that either (1) simple storage of FMDV-contaminated wool for 4 weeks at temperatures of 18°C or higher, or (2) scouring of contaminated wool at 60° to 70°C would be sufficient to remove the threat of FMDV-contaminated wool being infectious to other animals . 相似文献
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Bayemi PH Nsongka VM Perera BM Cavestany D Webb EC 《Tropical animal health and production》2007,39(5):335-338
A study aimed at validating a human progesterone enzyme immunoassay kit was carried out on cattle at Bambui, Cameroon. Progesterone
ELISA Kits (EH-511) were obtained from Clinpro International. Forty-one cows were selected, of which 19 were pregnant and
22 within 14 days post partum. Blood samples were analysed and progesterone levels were deduced from a curve obtained from standard absorbance values (A
450). Results show that 95.5% of postpartum cows had progesterone levels below 1 ng/ml, with the highest level being 0.75 ng/ml.
The mean level was 0.5 ± 0.26 ng/ml. The cows in the ‘pregnant group’ had progesterone levels ranging from 3.5 to 17.5 ng/ml.
This kit can be used for measuring progesterone levels in cattle. Levels of 1 ng/ml for two consecutive samples or one sample
at or above 3 ng/ml are an indication of the presence of corpus luteum, while cows below 1 ng/ml will be in anoestrus. 相似文献
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Karol Mathews DVM DVSc DACVECC Peter W Kronen Dr Vet Med DVM DECVAA Duncan Lascelles BSc BVSc PhD DSAS DECVS DACVS MRCVS Andrea Nolan MVB DVA PhD DECVAA DECVPT MRCVS Sheilah Robertson BVMS PhD DACVAA DECVAA DECAWBM DACAW MRCVS Paulo VM Steagall MV MS PhD DACVAA Bonnie Wright DVM DACVAA Kazuto Yamashita DVM MS PhD DJCVS 《The Journal of small animal practice》2014,55(6):E10-E68
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Bayemi PH Webb EC Nsongka MV Unger H Njakoi H 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(2):141-144
Holstein cattle of a small scale dairy production systems were screened for Brucella abortus antibodies in 21 villages in Cameroon by ELISA. Results show a general seroprevalence of 8.4% in Holstein cattle. Of the
192 cows tested, 14 were infected giving a within-sex seroprevalence of 7.3% while 6/74 bulls were infected with a seroprevalence
of 8%. There was no evidence (P=0.11) of differences in seroprevalence between age groups although animals above one year
and below three years accounted for nearly half of the infected animals. 64% of infected animals were found in three locations
(P=0.015): Kutaba (32%), Bamendankwe (16%) and Finge (16%). A specific control programme should be organized at these locations.
Measures should be taken to ensure the eradication of the disease within the population and sound control measures adopted
to avoid a further spread of the disease to larger cattle populations. Infected animals should be slaughtered systematically.
All farmers should be advised to boil milk before consumption. Vaccination against Brucella abortus should be instituted and use of artificial insemination propagated. In order to ensure a productive and healthy population
of Holstein cows within the dairy production scheme, regular Brucella testing should be instituted. 相似文献
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Bruno W Minto Lisiane C Rodrigues Paulo VM Steagall Eduardo R Monteiro Claudia VS Brand?o 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):60