Efficacy of Enrofloxacin in the Treatment of Canine Bacterial Pyoderma

Abstract— Bacterial pyoderma was diagnosed in 30 dogs which were subsequently treated with enrofloxacin administered orally at 2.5 mg.kg^-1 of body weight every 12 h, for 2 to 14 weeks. Dogs were re-examined at the conclusion of antibiotic treatment and 28 (93.3 per cent) were found to have an excellent response. Relapses were seen in 25 per cent of these dogs after follow up periods of 1 to 4 months. Minor side effects were seen in only 1 dog. On the basis of this study, enrofloxacin is an excellent antibiotic for the treatment of canine bacterial pyoderma but must be administered well beyond the manufacturer's maximum recommendation for duration of therapy. Résumé— Une pyodermite bactérienne a été diagnostiquée chez 30 chiens qui furent traités avec de l'enrofloxacine administrée par voie orale à la dose de 2.5 mg/Kg toutes les 12 heures, pour une durée allant de 2.5 à 14 semaines. Les chiens furent réexaminés à la fin de l'antibiothérapie et 28 d'entre eux (93.3%) présentaient une excellente réponse au traitement. Des rechutes furent observées chez 25% des chiens lors de suivis portant sur des périodes de 1 à 4 mois. Des effets secondaires mineurs furent observés chez l'un des chiens. Cette étude montre que l'enrofloxacine est un excellent antibiotique pour le traitement des pyodermites canines mais, qu'il doit être administré pendant des délais beaucoup plus longs que ceux qui sont indiqués par le fabricant. Zusammenfassung— 30 Hunde mit bakteríellen Pyodermien wurden zweieinhalb bis vierzehn Wochen lang oral mit Enrofloxacin behandelt (2 täglich 2.5 mg/kg KGW). Nach Abschluß der Behandlung wurden die Tiere erneut untersucht. Bei 28 Patienten (93.3%) wurden hervorragende Ergebnisse erzielt. Bei 25% kam as nach 1 bis 4 Monaten zu Rezidiven. Geringe Nebenwirkungen wurden nur in einem Fall beobachtet. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, daß Enrofloxacin ein hervorragendes Antibiotikum für die Behandlung von Pyodermien ist, aber wesentlich länger als vom Hersteller angegeben verabreicht werden muß. Resumen Treinta perros, a los cuales se había diagnosticado una epiderma bacteriana, fueron tratado con Enrofloxacina via oral a una dosis de 2,5 mg/kg de peso corporal cada 12 horas durante un período de tiempo que oscíló entre las 2,5 semanas y las 14 semanas. Los perros se examinaron clínicamente de nuevo cuando acabó el tratamiento antibiótico y se observó en 28 (93,3%) una respuesta excelente. En un 25% de estos perros se observaron recidivas en un período comprendido entre uno y cuatro meses. Efectos colaterales de poca importancia se observaron úicamente en un animal. Según estos resultados puede concluirse que la Enrofloxacina es un antibiótico excelente para el tratamiento de las piodermas bacterianas del perro, aunque debe administrarse durante un período de tiempo superior al que recomiendan los productores.     

Pemphigus Vulgaris in a Llama

Abstract— A case report of a three year old llama with a chronic seborrhoeic to vesiculobullous skin disease is presented. Skin biopsies showed an acantholytic vesicular dermatitis and immunofluorescence studies on the patient's skin and serum were positive in an intracellular pattern. The animal died before response to treatment could be determined.
Résumé— Le cas d'un lama de trois ans atteint d'une dermite séborrhéique chronique à vésicobulleuse est rapporté. Les biopsies cutanées ont révélé une dermite vésiculeuse acantholytique et l'examen en immunofluorescence de la peau et du sérum présente une fluorescence intracellulaire. L'animal est mort avant que la réponse au traitement ait pu être appréciée.
Zusammenfassung— Es wird ein Fallbericht über ein drei Jahre altes Lama mit einer chronischen, seborrhoischen bis vesikulobullösen Hauterkrankung vorgestellt. Die Hautbiopsien ergaben eine akantholytische, vesikuläre Dermatitis, die Immunofluoreszenzuntersuchungen der Haut und des Serums fielen positiv aus und zeigten ein intrazelluläres Verteilungsmuster. Das Tier starb bevor ein Ansprechen auf die Therapie festgestellt werden konnte.
Resumen  Se presenta el informe de un caso de un llama de tres anos de edad con una enfermedad seborreica crónica a vesiculobullosa en la piel. Biopsias de piel mostraron una dermatitis acantolítica y vesicular y estudios de inmunofluorescencia en la piel y suero del paciente fueron positivos en un patrón intracelular. El animal murió antes de que la respuesta al tratamiento pudiera ser determinada.     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING PSEUDOLESION ASSOCIATED WITH THE PETROUS TEMPORAL BONE

Normal anatomic variation in the amount of fat within the petrous temporal bone of dogs can result in a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging pseudolesion. Focal hyperintense areas in the region of the hippocampus on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging sequences were noted in a dog being imaged for seizure activity. Further investigation of this region, aided by the use of cadaveric specimens, led to the identification of normal anatomic variability in the amount of fat in the substantia spongiosa of the petrous temporal bone. The presence of normal adipose tissue was confirmed histopathologically. Fat suppression MR imaging sequences can be used to differentiate whether hyperintensity ventral to the hippocampus is a result of a pathologic process, or fat in the substantia spongiosa of the petrous temporal bone.     

REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY OF TRANSABDOMINAL ULTRASONOGRAPHIC INTESTINAL WALL THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS IN THOROUGHBRED HORSES

The aims of this study were to assess the repeatability and reproducibility of transabdominal ultrasonography to assess intestinal wall thickness in adult Thoroughbred horses (n=8). Ultrasonographic cineloops were captured by one examiner from each horse for five consecutive days. During each examination at least three cineloops were obtained for five different intestinal tract locations. Measurements were performed by three separate observers to assess reproducibility and measured on three separate occasions by three observers to evaluate short‐term repeatability. The repeatability of measurements from the duodenum (0.3 ± 0.04 cm), jejunum (0.29 ± 0.05 cm), ventral colon (0.37 ± 0.01 cm), and cecum (0.42 ± 0.03 cm) were good ( P >0.291). The reproducibility of measurements from the duodenum, jejunum, and ventral colon were good ( P >0.394). Reproducibility of measurement of the cecal wall was inadequate ( P =0.01), although the maximum difference between observers was 0.07 cm. It was possible to image all areas on all days, with the exception of the duodenum, which could not be imaged in one horse, on 1 day. Equine intestinal wall measurements are therefore repeatable and reproducible with the exception of reproducibility of the measurements of cecal wall. Although an accepted clinical technique, measurement of cecal wall thickness from intestinal ultrasound images in a clinical setting must be interpreted with care.     

INTRACRANIAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ARTIFACTS AND PSEUDOLESIONS IN DOGS AND CATS

Normal anatomic variation, study design, external factors, and tissue characteristics can all influence the manifestation of structures on magnetic resonance images (MRI). For the purpose of this review, imaging artifacts are considered to be nonpathologic abnormalities resulting from study design, intrinsic tissue characteristics, or external factors, while MRI pseudolesions are due to normal anatomic variation. Awareness of imaging artifacts and pseudolesions, as well as normal anatomic structures, is important when determining pathologic vs. normal or clinically insignificant abnormalities. The purpose of this report is to examine the literature to compile a review of selected artifacts and pseudolesions that are commonly encountered when imaging the canine and feline brain.