满城县农村“六位一体”户厕沼气池

为适应农村建设的发展，彻底改变农村环境卫生面貌，把发展沼气与处理人畜粪便、垃圾及生活污水结合起来，笔者在河北省满城县中佃庄村建造了１３０多个“六位一体”户厕沼气池，取得满意效果。“六位一体”户厕沼气池建在猪圈底部，呈长方形，总占地面积１８ｍ２，池深 ２ ｍ，直径 ３．１ｍ，出水池直径 １．４ｍ，自动掏渣池 ７０ ｃｍ，总容积 ６～ ８ ｍ３，沼气池壁厚度 ６０ ｃｍ。猪圈顶部设鸡舍，鸡舍长 ２．５ｍ，宽１．５ｍ。猪圈与厕所相连。厕所高１．８ｍ，宽１．７ｍ，顶部安有太阳能热水器，厕所内安装淋浴器和瓷便盆，下有…     

Effects of air temperature, air movement and artificial rain on the heat production of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula): an exploratory study

Two groups of six mature brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpeculu) were housed in two respiration chambers, and their heat production, whole body conductance and lower critical temperatures were measured under a variety of simulated weather patterns. The possums were subjected to ambient temperatures of 30, 20 and 3 degrees C. At 20 and 3 degrees C, the animals were exposed to near still air and light winds (wind speed 0.8 and 6.7 km/h), both with, and without, simulated rain every 8 hours. The lower critical temperature in near still air lies between 7 and 10 degrees C. This temperature increases by about 2, 6 and 8 degrees C respectively for a wind velocity of 6.7 km/h, simulated rain and a combination of the two factors. Weather in New Zealand, especially in the cooler part of the year, will often produce conditions below the lower critical temperature of the thermoneutral zone of possums. This will necessitate significant increases in metabolic rate and hence food consumption or mobilisation of body fat reserves, which if not sustainable will result in the death of possums. Field studies have shown that this is often the case in the wild. It is proposed that this stress may be sufficient to decrease the resistance (especially cell-mediated immunity) of some possums and allow acceleration of the disease process in those infected with Mycobacterium bovis.     

塑料大棚马铃薯套种玉米高产高效栽培技术

提起马铃薯和玉米两种作物，大家普遍认为栽培容易，效益不佳，但如果改变其习惯的栽培方法，实行反季节栽培，就可获得较高的经济效益。笔者于1999年开始进行塑料大棚冬春茬马铃薯套种玉米栽培试验，把栽培时间提前到1月份，4～6月份产品上市。经过3年的试验、示范，平均667m2产马铃薯1300～1600kg，产值3500～5000元；产鲜食玉米3500～4000穗，产值可达3800～6000元，二者折合产值7200～11000元/667m2，经济效益十分可观。其栽培技术如下：一、提早栽培的保温措施在塑料大棚内采取多层覆盖法，即在11月下旬扣塑料大棚，在大棚膜下25cm和45…     

非对称扰动下热轧铝带跑偏过程三维数值模拟

基于大型工程分析软件MSC.Marc，设计了模拟Fi机架轧制过程的三维有限元模型，结合实验研究得到的1235铝合金高温本构方程，模拟出非对称性扰动下,热轧铝合金板带跑偏状态；研究了板带在来料厚度分布横向非对称、辊缝形状横向非对称及来料不对中扰动下，轧制力、板带运动轨迹等轧制参数的横向非对称性；探讨了板带跑偏与轧制力、压下率等轧制参数的横向分布特征的相关性.研究结果表明：不同扰动下板带的跑偏方向与两侧轧制力差的关系并不一致，不能根据轧制力差判断板带的跑偏方向；压下率差与跑偏方向具有一致性，板带由压下率大的一边向压下率小的一边跑偏，这一规律为无法明确扰动的板带纠偏策略提供了理论参考.     

巴渝百万民兵为绿化长江再行动

10月12日，为深入推进“百万民兵绿化长江”植树活动，重庆警备区组织全区官兵和民兵预备役部队15万余人，在沿长江两岸各驻地植树点共同参加了森林重庆建设“百日攻坚战役”植树活动，栽植香樟、银杏、黄桷树、天竺桂等各类树种220万余株，植树面积达3．9万余亩，再次吹响了巴渝百万民兵绿化千里长江的冲锋号角。     

The virulence and protective efficacy for chickens of pasteurella multocida administered by different routes

The relative virulence for chickens of five strains of Pasteurella multocida was evaluated. Twenty groups, each of ten chickens, were inoculated with a standard dose of 10(5) of each of five strains by the intramuscular (I.m.), intravenous (I.v.), intratracheal (I.tr.) or conjunctival (Co) routes. The highest mortality occurred in the groups dosed I.m. and I.v., followed by I.tr. inoculation. The relative virulence of each strain did not change when inoculated by the different routes. The most virulent strain, VP161, caused 100% mortality by all except the Co route. The least virulent strain, VP17, caused a single mortality by the I.v. route, but gave a high level of protection to birds inoculated by both the I.m. and I.v. routes, when challenged by intramuscular injection with (VP161). There was no protection against I.m. challenge in the birds inoculated by the I.tr. or Co routes. Serum antibody levels measured by ELISA correlated with the level of protection against virulent challenge for groups inoculated I.m. or I.v., but not I.tr. Western blots of pooled sera from each group did not show any specific antigen recognition that might explain the observed differences in protection. Inoculation with strain VP17, (both I.m. and I.tr.) also gave a high level of protection to birds challenged with strain VP161 by intratracheal instillation.     

莲藕新品种 03-12

莲藕03-12是武汉市蔬菜科学研究所水生蔬菜研究室选育而成的杂交新品种,经过4年的品比试验及多点示范,表现高产、易挖、商品性好、生长势强、适种范围广,是目前莲藕品种中表现优秀的新品种之一.     

Genetic Variation Among Vegetative Compatibility Groups of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Analyzed by DNA Fingerprinting

ABSTRACT Genetic variation within a worldwide collection of 208 isolates of Fu-sarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, representing physiological races 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the 20 reported vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), was analyzed using modified DNA amplification fingerprinting. Also characterized were 133 isolates that did not belong to any of the reported VCGs of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense including race 3 isolates from a Heliconia species and isolates from a symptomatic wild banana species growing in the jungle in peninsular Malaysia. The DNA fingerprint patterns were generally VCG specific, irrespective of geographic or host origin. A total of 33 different genotypes were identified within F. oxysporum f. sp. cu-bense; 19 genotypes were distinguished among the isolates that belonged to the 20 reported VCGs, and 14 new genotypes were identified among the isolates that did not belong to any of the existing VCGs. DNA fingerprinting analysis also allowed differentiation of nine clonal lineages within F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Five of these lineages each contained numerous closely related VCGs and genotypes, and the remaining four lineages each contained a single genotype. The genetic diversity and geographic distribution of several of these lineages of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense suggests that they have coevolved with edible bananas and their wild diploid progenitors in Asia. DNA fingerprinting analysis of isolates from the wild pathosystem provides further evidence for the coevolution hypothesis. The genetic isolation and limited geographic distribution of four of the lineages of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense suggests that the pathogen has also arisen independently, both within and outside of the center of origin of the host.     

Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium bovis infection of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in New Zealand

AIMS: This study was initiated to investigate aspects of the epidemiology, pathogenesis and transmission of tuberculosis in wild red deer, with the aim of determining whether this species may be considered a reservoir host of Mycobacterium bovis in New Zealand. METHOD: One hundred and six wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) carcasses from the Castlepoint and Hauhungaroa Range areas, which are endemic for bovine tuberculosis, were examined for the presence of M. bovis infection. Samples were also examined from 46 skin test-positive farmed deer killed at two deer slaughter premises. Where possible, a standard set of tissues and excretion site samples was collected for mycobacteriological examination. RESULTS: Fifty-eight infected deer were identified, and of these 28% showed no gross lesions. The prevalence of tuberculosis confirmed by culture in the wild deer was 32%. Only one of 18 deer younger than 1 year was infected. Mature deer (>2 years) were 12 times more likely to be infected than those under 1 year of age. Infected older deer were less likely to show typical gross lesions than younger animals. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from the oropharyngeal tonsil of 34 of 56 (61%) of the infected deer, and this was the most commonly infected site. Gross lesions were found in 18 of the 34 infected tonsils and only one of these showed a purulent tonsillitis. Mycobacterium bovis was recovered from four of 53 nasopharyngeal tonsils, four of 53 oropharyngeal swabs, one of 53 tracheal and nasal swabs, and one of 46 faecal samples, but not from any urine specimens. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that significant bacillary excretion from infected deer was uncommon, and is more likely to occur in severely affected animals. This study has confirmed the importance of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), particularly the oropharyngeal tonsil, in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in deer. The findings justify investigation of the hypotheses that the prevalence of tuberculosis in wild deer in New Zealand is high due to transmission of infection from possums, and that in the absence of an infected possum population, the prevalence of tuberculosis in deer is likely to be low, and spatially patchy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results suggest that about one quarter of infected deer show no detectable gross lesions. This implies that many infected carcasses may enter the food chain unrecognised and that the estimated sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests may be erroneous if there is a difference in test performance between those conducted on deer with or without gross lesions. Diagnostic sensitivity following slaughter may be improved by routine culture of oropharyngeal tonsils and careful examination of lungs for adhesions and small subpleural tubercles.     

Ⅰ-45/51杨引种试验研究

辽宁省于1976年引种Ⅰ-45/51杨,1979年进行试验研究,现已推广造林666.7公顷左右。经多点试验证明,Ⅰ-45/51杨与早期引进的沙兰杨相比,3—7年生时,其树高、胸径、材积分别大8.87—19.46%、11.45—29.75%和30.18—69.23%。预计在短期内可获得较大的经济效益。