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C Kerr L Bouré S Pearce C Martin WN McDonell 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):113-113
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with diazepam/ketamine or xylazine/ketamine with subsequent maintenance of anesthesia using isoflurane in foals undergoing abdominal surgery. Seventeen foals underwent laparotomy at 7–10 days of age and a laparoscopy 7–10 days later. Foals were randomly assigned to receive xylazine (0.8 mg kg?1)/ketamine (2 mg kg?1) (X/K)(n = 9) or diazepam (0.2 mg kg?1)/ketamine (2 mg kg?1) (D/K)(n = 8) for induction of anesthesia for both procedures. In all foals, anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen with the inspired concentration adjusted to achieve adequate depth of anesthesia as assessed by an individual blinded to the treatments. IPPV was employed throughout using a tidal volume of 10 mL kg?1 adjusting the frequency to maintain eucapnia (PaCO2 35–45 mm Hg, 4.7–6.0 kPa). Cardiopulmonary variables were measured after induction of anesthesia prior to, during, and following surgery. To compare the measured cardiopulmonary variables between the two anesthetic regimes for both surgical procedures, results were analyzed using a three‐way factorial anova for repeated measures (p < 0.05). During anesthesia for laparotomy, mean CI and MAP ranged from 110 to 180 mL kg?1 minute?1 and 57–81 mm Hg, respectively, in the D/K foals and 98–171 mL kg?1 minute?1 and 50–66 mm Hg in the X/K foals. Overall, CI, HR, SAP, DAP, and MAP were significantly higher in foals in the D/K group versus the X/K group during this anesthetic period. During anesthesia for laparoscopy, mean CI and MBP ranged from 85 to 165 mL kg?1 minute?1 and 67–83 mm Hg, respectively, in the D/K group, and 98–171 mL kg?1 minute?1 and 48–67 mm Hg in the X/K group. Only HR, SAP, DAP, and MAP were significantly higher in the D/K group versus X/K group during this latter anesthetic period. There were no significant differences between groups during either surgical procedure for end‐tidal isoflurane, PaO2, PaCO2, or pH. In conclusion, anesthesia of foals for laparotomy and laparoscopy with diazepam/ketamine/isoflurane is associated with less hemodynamic depression than with xylazine/ketamine/isoflurane. 相似文献
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The relative uptake of P was measured in two varieties of Lolium perenne using radioactive tracer techniques. The diploid cv. Hora and the tetraploid cv. Terhoy were sown as pure stands and as 50:50 mixtures at both high and low density. Uptake from four depths 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm was examined. The results showed that: in pure stands the diploid uptake at 10 cm exceeded that of the tetraploid although at deeper levels the uptake pattern was similar; in mixtures the uptake of the tetraploid variety increased markedly at 10 cm while that of the diploid variety decreased. The diploid compensated for its decreased uptake at 10 cm by a substantial increase in uptake at 20 cm; overall the tetraploid variety had a deeper pattern of uptake than the diploid; in general, uptake at high density was greater than that at low density; the mixture showed a greater degree of P utilization than pure stands in the upper layers of the soil; when these two varieties are grown together in 50:50 mixtures the tetraploid is relatively more efficient in taking up. 相似文献
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Colin G. Moore Dan B. Harries Alastair R. Lyndon Graham R. Saunders Terence R. Conway 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2003,13(2):137-146
- 1. The large size, patchiness and fragility of serpulid reefs present difficulties for the measurement of reef coverage for mapping and monitoring studies. Video transect measures of cover are assessed in terms of accuracy and sensitivity of the method for the identification of spatial or temporal changes.
- 2. By comparison with direct in situ measurement of reef cover, it was found that still photography was capable of providing an accurate means for the measurement of the seabed coverage by individual reefs.
- 3. By comparison of video and still photographic measurement of reef cover, it was found that video transects were capable of providing cover estimates of sufficient accuracy for conservation purposes, differing from still photographic estimates by 0.3% cover.
- 4. Power analysis was employed on replicate video estimates of reef cover in order to determine the degree of replication required to identify different levels of spatial or temporal change in cover using video transects of different lengths. The modest level of replication required to identify changes in coverage as small as 25% of the initial value suggests that the use of video transects offers great potential in monitoring and mapping studies.
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Oliva A Meepagala KM Wedge DE Harries D Hale AL Aliotta G Duke SO 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(4):890-896
Bioassay-directed isolation of antifungal compounds from an ethyl acetate extract of Ruta graveolens leaves yielded two furanocoumarins, one quinoline alkaloid, and four quinolone alkaloids, including a novel compound, 1-methyl-2-[6'-(3' ',4' '-methylenedioxyphenyl)hexyl]-4-quinolone. The (1)H and (13)C NMR assignments of the new compound are reported. Antifungal activities of the isolated compounds, together with 7-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and 7-methoxycoumarin, which are known to occur in Rutaceae species, were evaluated by bioautography and microbioassay. Four of the alkaloids had moderate activity against Colletotrichum species, including a benomyl-resistant C. acutatum. These compounds and the furanocoumarins 5- and 8-methoxypsoralen had moderate activity against Fusarium oxysporum. The novel quinolone alkaloid was highly active against Botrytis cinerea. Phomopsis species were much more sensitive to most of the compounds, with P. viticola being highly sensitive to all of the compounds. 相似文献