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1.
Muma JB Samui KL Siamudaala VM Oloya J Matop G Omer MK Munyeme M Mubita C Skjerve E 《Tropical animal health and production》2006,38(3):195-206
A cross-sectional study was performed in the livestock–wildlife interface areas of Lochinvar and Blue Lagoon National Parks
and the non-interface area of Kazungula to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Brucella spp. in domestic ruminants and identify individual animal risk factors of infection. A total of 1245 cattle from 124 herds
and 280 goats and sheep from 29 flocks were tested sequentially for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and competitive ELISA. In cattle, individual seroprevalence ranged from 14.1%
to 28.1%, while herd sero–prevalence ranged from 46.2% to 74.0% in the three study areas. No goat or sheep tested positive
for Brucella antibodies. Three types of cattle grazing strategies were encountered: locally grazed herds (LGH), transhumantly grazed herds
(TGH) and river flood plain grazed herds (FGH). Brucella seroprevalence was seen to vary according to area and grazing strategy: Lochinvar and transhumant grazed herds recorded the
highest figures, respectively. Age, sex and history of abortion were found to have independent effects on individual seroprevalence.
This study establishes that brucellosis is endemic in domestic animals in the livestock–wildlife interface areas of Blue Lagoon
and Lochinvar national parks and the disease is also present in Kazungula. We observed that type of grazing strategy had significant
impact on cattle Brucella seroprevalence and that transhumant herds were at high risk of being infected. 相似文献
2.
Simbarashe Katsande Joseph J Baloyi Florence V Nherera-Chokuda Nobbert T Ngongoni Jacob Gusha Gift Matope 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2018,35(2):131-135
This study was conducted to determine the amino acid profiles and rumen degradability of amino acids of three cultivated forage legumes – velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and silverleaf desmodium (Desmodium uncinatum) – using the in situ nylon-bag technique. Two Friesian cows fitted with 10-cm-diameter rumen cannulae on a complete dairy feed ration (19% crude-protein dairy meal and maize silage) were used. Silverleaf desmodium had significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentration of amino acids compared with cowpea and velvet bean. Aspartic acid showed the highest (p < 0.05) concentration in all legumes and cysteine showed the lowest concentration. Legume forage of cowpea showed the highest (p < 0.05) level of degradability of amino acid followed by silverleaf desmodium and then velvet bean. Readily and slowly degradable components in all amino acids were highest (p < 0.05) in cowpea followed by silverleaf desmodium and then velvet bean. Moreover, silverleaf and cowpea showed higher (p < 0.05) levels of effective degradability of amino acids (at outflow rates p = 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 h?1) than velvet bean. Total amino acid disappearance was the least in velvet bean, which suggests that it can be used to supply bypass protein to the duodenum of the ruminant animal. 相似文献
3.
Matope Alphonce Zindove Titus J. Dhliwayo Marshall Chimonyo Michael 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(1):321-330
Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of the study was to examine strategies employed by farmers to mitigate the effects of drought on cattle production in communal rangelands of... 相似文献
4.
Simbarashe Katsande Joseph J Baloyi Florence V Nherera-Chokuda Nobbert T Ngongoni Gift Matope Plaxedis I Zvinorova 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2016,33(1):53-58
This study examined the effects of adding forage legumes as protein supplements to poor-quality natural pasture (veld) hay offered to goats on microbial protein yield and nitrogen metabolism. Four indigenous Nguni-type goats were used in a 4×4 Latin cross-over design experiment. Goats were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments comprising commercial goat feed (GF), veld hay supplemented with cowpea (CW), velvetbean (VB) or silverleaf desmodium (SD). Microbial protein yields were determined using the purine derivatives technique and nitrogen retention was calculated from the digestible organic matter intake. Total nitrogen intake was significantly higher in the GF followed by CW, SD and VB, respectively. Microbial protein supply, calculated microbial true protein and digestible microbial true protein were affected (P<0.05) by legume supplementation. Animals on poor-quality forages had the most efficient microbial protein synthesis. However, supplementation of hay failed to meet the maintenance requirements of animals as evidenced by negative nitrogen balances in VB and SD. The efficiency of utilisation of nitrogen in the supplements could have been limited by unavailable fermentable metabolisable energy in the diets. Supplementation of poor-quality veld hay with legume forages could improve utilisation, especially in the dry season. 相似文献
5.
Ndengu Masimba Matope Gift Tivapasi Musavengana Scacchia Massimo Bonfini Barbara Pfukenyi Davis Mubika de Garine-Wichatitsky Michel 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(5):1107-1117
Tropical Animal Health and Production - A study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Chlamydia abortus infection in cattle and some selected wildlife... 相似文献
6.
Oloya J Opuda-Asibo J Djønne B Muma JB Matope G Kazwala R Skjerve E 《Tropical animal health and production》2006,38(4):275-283
Responses to tuberculin in Zebu cattle of the transhumant pastoral farming system in Karamoja region and Nakasongola district
in the north-eastern and mid-central regions in Uganda, respectively, were investigated using a comparative intradermal tuberculin
skin test. Of the 1864 cattle tested from 30 large units (superherds) in Karamoja and 7 herds in Nakasongola, a total of 28
animals from 19 herds (51.4%) tested positive. Inter-district tuberculin reactor prevalence variations seemed to be influenced
by climate, with impact on both the management patterns and transmissibility of agent. High herd tuberculin reactor prevalence
(51.4%) was attributed to widespread contacts and mixing of animals between herds. Low individual animal tuberculin test positivity
(mean = 1.4%) was attributed to low transmissibility of the agent under the Karamoja climate, which is semi-arid, and to increased
resistance due to non-specific response to environmental mycobacteria and natural selection, since there was no active control
against bovine tuberculosis. Owing to similarities in management practices in Karamoja and widespread risk factors, it was
difficult to identify which were more important, but variations in sources of drinking water pointed to provision of lake
and borehole water during dry season as reducing the risk. Positive bovine tuberculin reactor prevalence and skin reactor
status were related to age. 相似文献
7.
Barrett W. Gift Robert V. English Brad Nadelstein† Anne K. Weigt‡ Brian C. Gilger§ 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(1):13-21
Objective To evaluate the effect of lens design and biomaterial on formation of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) and refractive correction.
Animals studied Sixty dogs undergoing bilateral phacoemulsification for mature or diabetic cataracts.
Procedures One randomly selected eye received a rounded edge 41D polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) intraocular replacement lens (IOL) and the contralateral eye received either a squared edge 41D hydrophilic acrylic IOL ( n = 35) or a squared edge 40D hydrophobic acrylic IOL ( n = 25). At the (mean = 79 day) reexamination period, PCO was graded using direct slit-lamp observation and by masked observer evaluation of digital images of the IOLs. Streak retinoscopy and B-mode ultrasound were performed at this period.
Results The PCO score via direct slit-lamp was significantly lower for the hydrophilic acrylic IOL when compared to the PMMA IOL. Masked observer evaluation of digital images revealed that the acrylic IOLs had lower but generally not statistically significant PCO scores than the PMMA IOLs. Streak retinoscopy showed that the PMMA IOL was significantly closer to emmetropia (+0.44 D) when compared to either the hydrophilic acrylic (+0.96 D) or the hydrophobic acrylic (+1.2 D) IOLs. B-mode ultrasonography revealed the center of the hydrophilic acrylic IOL is 0.31 mm closer to the retina and the center of the hydrophobic acrylic IOL is 0.63 mm further from the retina when compared to the center of the PMMA to retina distance.
Conclusions Square edged foldable acrylic IOLs show a predisposition towards generating slightly less PCO than round edged PMMA IOLs in the early postoperative period, however, both acrylic IOLs had greater persistent hyperopia than the PMMA IOLs. 相似文献
Animals studied Sixty dogs undergoing bilateral phacoemulsification for mature or diabetic cataracts.
Procedures One randomly selected eye received a rounded edge 41D polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) intraocular replacement lens (IOL) and the contralateral eye received either a squared edge 41D hydrophilic acrylic IOL ( n = 35) or a squared edge 40D hydrophobic acrylic IOL ( n = 25). At the (mean = 79 day) reexamination period, PCO was graded using direct slit-lamp observation and by masked observer evaluation of digital images of the IOLs. Streak retinoscopy and B-mode ultrasound were performed at this period.
Results The PCO score via direct slit-lamp was significantly lower for the hydrophilic acrylic IOL when compared to the PMMA IOL. Masked observer evaluation of digital images revealed that the acrylic IOLs had lower but generally not statistically significant PCO scores than the PMMA IOLs. Streak retinoscopy showed that the PMMA IOL was significantly closer to emmetropia (+0.44 D) when compared to either the hydrophilic acrylic (+0.96 D) or the hydrophobic acrylic (+1.2 D) IOLs. B-mode ultrasonography revealed the center of the hydrophilic acrylic IOL is 0.31 mm closer to the retina and the center of the hydrophobic acrylic IOL is 0.63 mm further from the retina when compared to the center of the PMMA to retina distance.
Conclusions Square edged foldable acrylic IOLs show a predisposition towards generating slightly less PCO than round edged PMMA IOLs in the early postoperative period, however, both acrylic IOLs had greater persistent hyperopia than the PMMA IOLs. 相似文献
8.
An 8-year-old Quarter Horse mare was examined for chronic nasal discharge and obstruction of both nasal passages. A solid mass lesion was identified in the maxillary sinuses, soft palate, nasal and pharyngeal cavities. Palliative surgery was used to debulk the lesion and facilitate nasal airflow. Squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed from surgical biopsies. Approximately 7-8 weeks after surgery, the mare was observed to be acutely blind. Ophthalmologic examination revealed central origin blindness and active retinitis. The squamous cell carcinoma had reobstructed the nasal passages. Pressure by the expanding tumor deformed the ethmoid and sphenoid bones resulting in compression of the optic tracts. No bony invasion by the tumor was present. 相似文献
9.
Seroprevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors in cattle from smallholder dairy farms in Zimbabwe 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Matope G Bhebhe E Muma JB Oloya J Madekurozwa RL Lund A Skjerve E 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(5):975-982
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate seroprevalence of brucellosis and the associated risk factors in cattle
from smallholder dairy farms in Gokwe, Marirangwe, Mushagashe, Nharira, Rusitu and Wedza areas of Zimbabwe. A total of 1,440
cattle from 203 herds were tested serially for Brucella antibodies using Rose Bengal test and the competitive ELISA. Weighted seroprevalence estimates were calculated and risk factors
in individual cattle investigated using logistic regression analysis. The overall individual animal brucellosis seroprevalence
was low, with mean of 5.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.4%, 6.8%). Gokwe had the highest individual (12.6%; 95% CI, 3.9%,
21.4%) and herd-level (40.0%; 95% CI, 22.1%, 58.0%), while Wedza had the lowest individual (2.3%; 95% CI, 0%, 5.3%) and herd-level
(8.0%; 95% CI, 0.0%, 18.9%) brucellosis seroprevalence, respectively. In individual cattle, the area of origin, age and history
of abortion were independently associated with brucellosis seroprevalence. While the seroprevalence was independent of sex,
it decreased with increasing age. Cattle 2–4 years old had higher odds (odds ratio (OR) = 3.2; 95% CI, 1.1%, 9.1%) of being
seropositive compared to those >7 years. Cows with a history of abortion were more likely to be seropositive (OR = 7.9; 95%
CI, 3.1, 20.1) than controls. In conclusion, the area-to-area variation of brucellosis may be linked to ecological factors
and differences in management practices. The implementation of stamping out policy, bleeding and testing animals before movement
and promoting the use self-contained units are likely to significantly reduce the public health risks associated with Brucella infections in cattle. 相似文献
10.