Demographic survey of veterinarians employed in western Canada

The objective of this study was to generate demographic data on veterinarians working in western Canada. A sample of 551 veterinarians was randomly selected from a population of 2474 veterinarians employed in western Canada, 425 (77.1%) of whom responded to the survey. The respondents were evenly split between males (53.1%) and females (46.9%). More than half (58.0%) of the private practitioners practised exclusively on companion animals (small animals and horses), while 2.9% devoted 100% of their time to food animals. There were 351 respondents who had had ≥ 2 employers since graduation; 80% of those who had begun their careers in companion animal (CA) practice had remained in this type of practice, while 54.3% of those who had begun their careers in mixed animal practice had switched to CA practice. Analyses of wage and workload data from 85 full-time veterinary employees showed that CA practitioners worked the fewest hours/week (47.0), had the least number of evenings on-call/month (3.7), and earned the highest hourly wage ($35.79) as compared with non-CA practitioners.     

一类非线性klein－Gorden方程与热传导方程耦合组的Cauchy问题的整体经典解的存在唯一性

本文讨论非线性ｋｌｅｉｎ－Ｇｏｒｄｅｎ方程与非线性热传导方程耦合组的Ｃａｕｃｈｙ问题，对初值和空间维数及非线项加以适当的限制，利用能量估计和衰减估计相结合的方法，在Ｓｏｂｏｌｅｖ空间框架下，得到了整体经典解的存在唯一性     

Factors associated with the career path choices of veterinarians in western Canada

This second of 2 articles, relating to the veterinary profession in western Canada, explores the factors associated with veterinarians’ career path choices. Among other factors, companion animal (small animal and equine) (CA) practitioners were less likely to have been raised in, or near to, a small center (≤ 10 000), were more concerned with their workload (hours of work and number of nights on-call), and preferred to work in progressive practices. Food animal (FA) practitioners were more likely to be male, have been raised in a small center, have been raised in the Province of Saskatchewan, and to have self-assessed themselves as having an above average knowledge of agriculture at the time they applied for admission to veterinary college. Mixed animal (MA) practitioners had more factors in common with FA than with CA practitioners. Three main factors were associated with leaving mixed or food animal practice: hours of work and too many nights on-call, the level of remuneration, and lack of support and mentorship.     

西部地区居民生活质量的实证研究

建立了能客观反映西部地区居民生活质量的指标体系,通过因子分析的方法用4个公共因子对西部地区12个省市居民生活质量进行分析和综合评价,以了解各地区的优势及地区之间的差异,并由此对提高居民生活质量提出若干对策和建议。     

基于面板数据的新疆城市经济发展因子聚类分析

[目的]选取新疆15个地、州、市的主要城市,对其经济发展状况进行研究,说明城市经济的发展对新疆经济发展的作用.[方法]基于面板数据采用因子分析和聚类分析的方法.[结果]通过有效降维,提炼出三个具有代表性的公共因子,城市发展综合经济实力因子、城市发展潜力因子和第一产业因子,并以此作为聚类分析的输入,提高分析精度,所得结论与实际基本相符.[结论]各城市应该根据自身的特点和优势发展适合自己的产业.第一类城市要加快建设先进制造业基地;第二类城市要进行合理的产业结构调整;第三类城市要加快推进新型工业化,农牧业现代化和新型城镇化步伐.同时各城市也要重视第三产业的发展.     

Essential oil of Lippia alba in the diet of Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Effects on antioxidant enzymes and growth parameters

The juveniles of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (0.060 ± 0.004 g and 2.018 ± 0.071 cm) were fed during 60 days with diets containing different doses of Lippia alba essential oil (EOLA) (0.0—control, 1.0, or 2.0 ml EOLA/kg diet; in triplicate, with 20 prawns/replicate). After the experimental period, were verified the survival, growth parameters and the antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and Na/K‐ATPase activities in hepatopancreas and gills, respectively, of the animals. There were no significant differences on survival, growth parameters and gill Na/K‐ATPase activity. However, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione‐S‐transferase activities were lower in hepatopancreas of prawns fed with 1.0 ml EOLA/kg diet compared to the control. Moreover, the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase was higher in hepatopancreas of prawns that received 2.0 ml EOLA/kg diet compared to those fed with 1.0 ml EOLA/kg diet. Although the addition of both EOLA doses has not improved the survival and growth parameters of M. rosenbergii, these doses contributed to decrease lipid peroxidation. Additionally, the dose of 2.0 ml EOLA/kg diet contributed for increasing the antioxidant enzymes activities in the hepatopancreas, improving antioxidant status, and therefore, it can be recommended as diet supplementation for M. rosenbergii.     

新疆居民消费模型的研究与分析

对新疆1992～2003年消费水平及其影响因素的数据．利用岭回归估计法建立消费模型。结果表明，居民收入的增加对消费水平的提高贡献最大，其中农民收入的增加对消费水平的提高是一个关键问题；其次是银行利率、财政支出、人口增长率、教育状况。并就提高新疆居民消费水平提出了建议。     

Sensitive and specific detection of Cryptosporidium species in PCR-negative samples by loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification and confirmation of generated LAMP products by sequencing

Three LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification) assays were applied to detect Cryptosporidium species DNA in a total number of 270 fecal samples originating from cattle, sheep and horses in South Africa. DNA was extracted from 0.5 g of fecal material. Results of LAMP detection were compared to those obtained by nested PCR targeting the Cryptosporidium 18 small subunit rRNA (18S) gene. All samples were negative by nested PCR, while up to one-third of samples were positive by LAMP assays. The SAM-1 LAMP assay, shown to detect C. parvum, C. hominis and C. meleagridis, amplified Cryptosporidium DNA in 36 of 107 cattle (33.64%), in 26 of 85 sheep (30.5%) and in 17 of 78 horses (21.79%). The HSP LAMP specific to C. muris and C. andersoni, amplified Cryptosporidium DNA in one cow (0.9%), five sheep (5.8%) and seven horses (8.9%). The gp60 LAMP assay, shown to detect C. parvum produced no amplified Cryptosporidium DNA, likely due to low sample DNA concentrations. The specificity of LAMP assays was confirmed by sequencing of the LAMP products generated in positive samples. Sequence products from the three LAMP assays showed high identity to the target gene sequences confirming the specificity of LAMP. In this study, the LAMP procedure was clearly superior to nested PCR in the detection of Cryptosporidium species DNA. Use of LAMP is proposed as an efficient and effective tool for epidemiologic survey studies including screening of healthy animals in which Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding is characteristically low and likely below the detection limit of PCR in conventional sample concentrates.