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A 5-year-old Holsteiner gelding from Germany was presented 2 months after a whitish discoloration of the left cornea was observed. Cytologic examination revealed intra- and extracellular globular structures, up to 4 micro m in size, consisting of a central spherical deeply basophilic body surrounded by an unstained halo. The structures were morphologically consistent with Histoplasma spp. Infection with Histoplasma organisms is not endemic in Europe. Topical use of fluconazole was successful in eliminating Histoplasma organisms within 10 days of initiation of treatment. 相似文献
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P Rüsch M Berchtold H Burkhardt A Mittelholzer 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,97(10):385-386
In cows with teat lesions, partial drying-off of the affected mammary quarter is recommended for a period of 3 to 10 days. The other three quarters are normally milked. Partial drying-off reduces the risks of complications due to the daily milking. The slight reduction of milk production, connected with the temporary drying-off a single quarter, is nearly compensated within 4 weeks. 相似文献
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Summary In this study, the application of molecular markers to optimise genetic diversity in a polycross breeding program of perennial
ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was evaluated. The genetic diversity among 98 potential parental plants from three maturity groups (early, intermediate
and late flowering) was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. For each maturity group,
two polycrosses of six parental plants with contrasting levels of genetic diversity were composed. Average genetic diversity
among parents selected for narrow polycrosses was 36% lower than among parents selected for wide polycrosses. Diversity within
first generation synthetic progenies (Syn1) was proportional to the diversity within the respective parental polycrosses.
However, differences were less pronounced with Syn1 progenies from narrow polycrosses showing 16% reduced diversity when compared
to Syn1 progenies from wide polycrosses. Multivariate analyses allowed for a clear separation of the six Syn1 progenies based
on AFLP markers and demonstrated their genetic distinctness. Evaluation of dry matter yield, date of ear emergence and stem
length of Syn1 and Syn2 progenies showed progenies from wide polycrosses to be constantly higher yielding when compared to
progenies from narrow polycrosses. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in variability for the two morphological
traits between progenies of narrow- and wide polycrosses. The results presented here provide evidence for an efficient application
of molecular markers to select genetically diverse polycross parents which resulted in an average yield increase of 3.8%. 相似文献
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Many ecosystems in Switzerland suffer from eutrophication due to increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) input. In order to get an overview of the problem, critical loads for nutrient N were mapped with a resolution of 1×1 km applying two methods recommended by the UN/ECE: the steady state mass balance method for productive forests, and the empirical method for semi-natural vegetation, such as natural forests, (sub-)alpine or species-rich grassland and raised bogs. The national forest inventory and a detailed atlas of vegetation types were used to identify the areas sensitive to N input. The total N input was calculated as the sum of NO3 ?, NH4 +, NH3, NO2 and HNO3 wet and dry deposition. Wet deposition was determined on the basis of a precipitation map and concentration measurements. Dry deposition was calculated with inferential methods including land-use specific deposition velocities. The concentration fields for NH3 and NO2 were obtained from emission inventories combined with dispersion models. Reduced N compounds account for 63% of total deposition in Switzerland. As indicated by exceeded critical loads, the highest risk for harmful effects of N deposition (decrease of ecosystem stability, species shift and losses) is expected on forests and raised bogs in the lowlands, where local emissions are intense. At high altitudes and in dry inner-alpine valleys, deposition rates are significantly lower. 相似文献
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Material balances of agricultural soil - A method for early recognition of soil alterations For agricultural soils of a lowland region in Switzerland the input and output of the elements nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead were measured over two years. In spite of the fact that the emission standards are met there is a slow and steady increase of the P, Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations found in the plough layer. In accordance with the principle of prevention the metabolism of the soil should be controlled on a large scale in such a way that this concentration increase can be substantially reduced within decades. With the available analytical methods the observed concentration increases in the soil are clearly detectable only after decades. Regional annual material balancing of the relevant anthropogenic processes (farming, private households, industry and trade), however, allows early detection of small changes in concentration. Consequently, a soil protection strategy which obeys the principle of early prevention should be completed by regional material balances. 相似文献
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