Comparison of protection and viral shedding following vaccination with Newcastle disease virus strains of different genotypes used in vaccine formulation

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Newcastle disease (ND) is a devastating disease and cause high t mortality and morbidity in poultry and nonpoultry avian species worldwide. An intensive...     

Tree age influences nutritional,pectin, and anatomical changes in developing ‘Kinnow’ mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) fruit

An understanding of variation in fruit quality in relation to tree age can help understand the issue of poor fruit quality in young orchards; however, limited information is available on the citrus fruit. In this study, the endogenous nutritional status in rind, rag, and leaves; pectin status in rind and rag; and anatomical fruit growth parameter in rind tissues were studied in ‘Kinnow’ mandarins fruit during their development on trees from three age (6-, 18-, and 35-year-old) groups. In older (35-year-old) trees, rind, rag, and leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations were superior. In fruit from all tree age groups, total pectin and protopectin reduced; however water-soluble pectin (WSP) improved. In rind tissues harvested from young (6-year-old) trees, cell density was more while cell size was less. In all tree age groups, cell density in rind tissues correlated negatively with rind WSP.     

Antioxidant Potential,Physico-chemical,and Sensory Attributes of Cookies Supplemented with Mosambi Peel Extract

The core objective of the present investigation was to isolate and quantify antioxidants from mosambi (sweet orange) peel. In the proposed research, different solvents were used for the extraction of antioxidants from mosambi peel. Among these solvents, ethanol resulted in better antioxidant yield compared to aqueous extract. Ethanolic extract of mosambi peel showed higher total phenolic contents (19.3 ± 0.3 mg/g) as compared to aqueous extracts (18.2 ± 0.04 mg/g). Considering the safety health concern, aqueous extract of mosambi peel was incorporated in cookies at different concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%, and further subjected to physico-chemical and sensory attributes. Proximate composition (moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, and niitrogen-free extract (NFE) contents) of fortified cookies varied non-significantly. However, sensory evaluation rated aqueous extract of mosambi peel (2%) with better hedonic response. Mosambi peel antioxidants have a great potential to be used in various functional foods and the ability to improve storage stability.     

水稻抗白叶枯病基因的聚合育种

白叶枯病是严重危害水稻生产的重要病害之一,利用聚合多个抗性基因的水稻品种是控制该病害的有效途径。本研究以携带Xa4、xa5、xa13、Xa214个抗白叶枯病基因的IRBB60与8个水稻新品系,组配8个杂交组合.应用分子标记辅助选择技术从F2和F3群体中共获得216个携带4个抗白叶枯病基因的纯合体。用华南地区的5个白叶枯病病原菌小种进行田间接种的试验表明,4个抗性基因聚合系的抗性水平高于只带1个抗性基因的近等基因系。这些聚合系可用作华南地区高抗白叶枯病水稻品种育种的亲本材料。     

Agronomic evaluation of controlled release of micro urea encapsulated in rosin maleic anhydride adduct

Abstract

Plant derived bio-based materials are environmental-friendly and provide a cheap and an attractive source for synthesis of controlled release urea fertilizers which have positive impact on plants’ health. In this work, application of rosin-maleic anhydride adduct encapsulated controlled release micro urea fertilizer (RA-mCRUF) was investigated for the optimization of its controlled urea release properties and evaluation of growth promoting effect on maize (Zea mays) plant under three different soil texture classes. Through response surface methodology, the independent response variables, were optimized for controlled release response of urea. Study found optimized coating repeats, 5.00 cycles; drying time, 11.71?h; and particle size, 41.82?µm; at urea release response of 331.62?mg L^?1 in distilled water. Optical microscopy images further demonstrated a more compact and homogeneous surface of RA-mCRUF without any coating defects. Besides, RA-mCRUF predicted a better growth performance of maize plant in clay loam soil. Moreover, RA-mCRUF treated maize plant showed 9.0–24.5?mg g^?1 increase in chlorophyll contents and 7.44–12.75?g rise in plant dry biomass. This work successfully produced a new type of RA-mCRUF which has applied role in soil nutrients conservation and addressing effectively food security through crops protection.     

5-Aminolevulinic acid alleviates herbicide-induced physiological and ultrastructural changes in Brassica napus

It is well known that application of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) could promote the plant growth under abiotic stress in oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.). However, the specifics of its physiological and ultrastructural regulation under herbicide stress conditions are poorly understood. In the present study, alleviating role of ALA in B. napus was investigated under four levels of herbicide propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy) benzylamino) benzoate(ZJ0273)(0, 100, 200 and 500 mg L–1) with or without 1 mg L–1 ALA treated for 48 or 72 h. Results showed that after 48 h of herbicide stress, the growth of rape seedlings was significantly inhibited with the successive increases of the ZJ0273 concentrations from 0 to 500 mg L–1, but this inhibition was obviously alleviated by exogenous application of ALA. However, when treatment time prolonged to 72 h, the recovery effects of ALA could not be evaluated due to the death of plants treated with the highest concentration of ZJ0273(500 mg L-1). Further, the root oxidizability and activities of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase) were dramatically enhanced by the application of 1 mg L–1 ALA under herbicide stress. Therefore, plants treated with ALA dynamically modulated their antioxidant defenses to reduce reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation and malondialdehyde(MDA) content induced by herbicide stress. Additionally, exogenously applied ALA improved the ultrastructure's of chloroplast, mitochondria and nucleus, and induced the production of stress proteins. Our results suggest that ALA could be considered as a potential plant growth regulator for the improvement of herbicide tolerance through alleviation of the physiological and ultrastructural changes induced by the herbicide in crop production.     

STS and microsatellite marker-assisted selection for bacterial blight resistance and waxy genes in rice, Oryza sativa L.

DNA marker-assisted selection was employed to select Xa-21 bacterial blight resistance and waxy (Wx) genes. Genotypes with both genes were selected from four F₂ populations involving indica × indica, indica × intermediate and japonica × indica crosses. With the assistance of PCR marker, 13 true breeding lines carrying Xa-21 were identified from F₂ generation of IRBB 21 × G 11353 cross. Similarly ten, eleven and fifty two plants having Xa-21 gene were isolated from G 3005-4-1 × IRBB 21, IRBB 21 × HJX 74 and IRBB 21 × SY 2crosses respectively. The lines with Wx gene in both homozygous and heterozygous state were also scored from the above crosses. Twenty plants having both Xa-21 and Wx loci in homozygous state were identified. DNA-based progeny testing was conducted to ensure the selection of homozygous lines for Xa-21 and Wx genes. Finally,twenty true breeding lines with high amylose content and Xa-21 gene were isolated from four crosses. These homozygous lines are phenotypically superior and resistant to Chinese race 5 of the bacterial blight pathogen. Fifty-six germplasm sources were surveyed for PCR polymorphism in order to facilitate future PCR-based marker assisted transfer of bacterial blight resistance genes xa-5, xa-13 and Xa-21 to any desired varietal background which will be useful for selection of parents in breeding programmes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.