Synovial fluid analysis and bacterial findings in arthritic joints of juvenile male camel (Camelus dromedarius) calves

Eighteen synovial fluid samples from 11 male dromedarian calves, 9-12 month old, were analysed cytologically and bacteriologically. Calves were lame and all joints were grossly swollen. The mean +/- SD of total nucleated cell count was 7970 +/- 5000 cells/microl (range 2800-20,000 cells/microl). Polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes were the predominant cell type. The mean +/- SD of absolute and percentages of each cell type were as follows: PMN leucocytes 5518 +/- 3600 cells/microl and 68 +/- 19%, monocytes/macrophages 1600 +/- 1120 cells/microl and 26 +/- 17%, lymphocytes 830 +/- 140 cells/microl and 8 +/- 7%, and red blood cell 350 +/- 130 cells/microl. The mean +/- SD of total protein concentration was 3.5 +/- 1 g/dl (range 2.5-5 g/dl). The most commonly isolated bacteria were non-haemolytic streptococci spp., followed by Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. No bacterial growth was obtained in eight samples and non-revealed Mycoplasma spp.     

畜产品安全中存在的问题与分析

阐述了我国畜产品安全现状，强调了其形势的严峻性和紧迫性，分析了当前存在的主要问题，并提出了改进措施和建议。     

州市级动物疫控机构兽用生物制品储运管理应注意的问题

[编者按] 从实际工作需要出发,以保山市动物疫病预防控制中心的工作实践为基础,本文较系统地分析总结了州市级动物疫控机构兽用生物制品储运管理应注意的问题.它具有较强的可操作性和实用性,对保证疫苗质量、提高免疫效果至关重要,为州市级动物疫控机构加强兽用生物制品储运管理和从事该项工作但缺乏工作经验的专业人员提供了可操作的参考意见.     

Ameliorative Effects of Melatonin against Hydrogen Peroxide‐Induced Oxidative Stress on Boar Sperm Characteristics and Subsequent In Vitro Embryo Development

Melatonin, the major secretory product of the pineal gland, scavenges a variety of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in vivo and in vitro, indicating that melatonin is a potent function as an antioxidant. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) on sperm characteristics (motility, viability, survival rate, membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and mitochondria activity) and also to examine the developmental rates to the blastocysts stage of porcine oocytes fertilized in vitro with semen treated with or without melatonin (100 nm ) in the presence or absence of H₂O₂ (250 μm ). The sperm were treated with melatonin in the presence or absence of H₂O₂ for 3, 6, 9 and 12 h at 37°C and then analysed for the sperm characteristics. The porcine embryos were produced by in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVM/IVF) using semen treated with or without melatonin (100 nm ) in the presence or absence of H₂O₂ (250 μm ) for 6 h. The semen characteristics, including motility, viability, survival rate, membrane integrity and mitochondria activity, were higher in the groups that were treated with melatonin in comparison to other groups, irrespective of incubation periods. Malondialdehyde levels in control, melatonin and melatonin + H₂O₂ groups were lower than H₂O₂ only group. A positive correlation was shown among motility, viability, survival rate and membrane integrity, but a negative correlation was observed between LPO and the other evaluation methods. The developmental rates to blastocysts of IVM/IVF porcine oocytes fertilized by semen treated with melatonin were significantly increased compared with any other groups, with the cell number of blastocysts shown to have a similar trend to the developmental rates. These results demonstrate that melatonin can improve the semen characteristics during in vitro storage and support the developmental ability of IVM/IVF embryos in pigs.     

Antioxidative Effects of Astaxanthin against Nitric Oxide‐Induced Oxidative Stress on Cell Viability and Gene Expression in Bovine Oviduct Epithelial Cell and the Developmental Competence of Bovine IVM/IVF Embryos

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the fundamental mechanism of bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOEC) co‐culture on developmental capacity of bovine in vitro oocyte maturation/in vitro fertilization (IVM/IVF) embryos. We examined the effects of astaxanthin against nitric oxide‐induced oxidative stress on cell viability by MTT assay, lipid peroxidation (LPO) by using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction for malondialdehyde (MDA) and the expression of antioxidant genes (CuZnSOD, MnSOD and Catalase) or apoptosis genes (Bcl‐2, Caspase‐3 and Bax) by RT‐PCR in BOEC. We also evaluated the developmental rates of bovine IVM/IVF embryos co‐cultured with BOEC pre‐treated with astaxanthin (500 μm ) in the presence or absence of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1000 μm ) for 24 h. Cell viability in BOEC treated with SNP (50–2000 μm ) lowered, while astaxanthin addition (50–500 μm ) increased it in a dose‐dependent manner. Cell viability in astaxanthin plus SNP (1000 μm ) gradually recovered according to the increase in astaxanthin additions (100–500 mm ). The LPO in astaxanthin group (50–500 μM) gradually decreased in a dose dependent manner and among SNP or astaxanthin plus SNP group, SNP alone and astaxanthin (50 μM) plus SNP shown a significant increase than other groups (p < 0.05). Expression of apoptosis or antioxidant genes was detected by RT‐PCR. Bcl‐2 and antioxidant genes were detected in astaxanthin or astaxanthin plus SNP group, and Caspase‐3 and Bax genes were only found in SNP group. When bovine IVM/IVF embryos were cultured for 6–7 days under co‐culture system such as BOEC treated with astaxanthin in the presence or absence of SNP, the developmental ability to blastocysts in 500 μm astaxanthin group was the highest of all groups. These results suggest that astaxanthin has a antioxidative effect on cell viability and LPO of BOEC, and development of bovine IVM/IVF embryos due to the induction of antioxidant genes and suppression of apoptosis genes.     

Effect of dietary formic and propionic acids on salmonella pullorum shedding and mortality in layer chicks after experimental infection

This investigation was conducted to study the effect of dietary formic acid (FA) and propionic acid (PA) mixture on inhibitory effect of Salmonella pullorum in layer chicks. Nine equal groups of 1-day-old layer chicks, in addition to positive and negative controls, were fed on day 3 of age with acid-treated feed containing mixture of both acids at concentrations, from 0.5 to 1.5%. Positive and negative controls were fed untreated feed. All groups except the negative control were challenged orally on day 3 with 104 CFU/ml/bird S. pullorum. Cloacal swabs were taken at three successive days and at 7, 14 and 21 days of challenge. After 1, 2 and 3 weeks after challenge, four chicks from each group were killed, and crop and caecal contents were examined for S. pullorum and pH. The numbers of S. pullorum re-isolation from all treated groups, 'except groups treated with mixture of 0.5% and 0.5%, 1% and 0.5% as well as 0.5% and 1% FA and PA', decreased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the positive control. The mortality rates of all treated groups except the group treated with 0.5% FA and 0.5% PA decreased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the positive control. The treatment significantly (P < 0.05) lowered the pH of the crop and caecal contents in all groups except the group treated with 0.5% FA and 0.5% PA compared with the control. Also, the treatment significantly (P < 0.05) lowered the pH of the crop and caecal contents in all groups after 3 weeks of treatment compared with the first and second weeks. The treatments significantly (P < 0.05) lowered the frequency of S. pullorum recovery from crop and caecal contents in six groups treated with 1.5 and 0.5, 1 and 1, 1.5 and 1, 0.5 and 1.5, 1 and 1.5, 1.5% and 1.5% FA and PA, respectively. These results indicate that addition of FA and PA mixture in a total concentration of 2% or more to the diet of newly hatched infected layer chicks significantly decreases the crop and caecal colonization by S. pullorum and significantly decreases S. pullorum faecal excretion and reduced the chick mortality rate.     

中西医结合治疗肉仔鸡坏死性肠炎与小肠球虫病混合感染

鸡坏死性肠炎是由鸡产气荚膜梭菌引起的以肠粘膜坏死脱落为特征的一种疾病,该病与慢性小肠球虫病混合感染往往导致肉仔鸡生长发育缓慢并出现部分死亡,对养鸡业,尤其是肉鸡生产危害极大.本文以一起AA肉鸡混合感染病例为题材,从发病情况、临床症状、剖检变化、实验室检查等七个方面,做了详尽阐述.     

核心期刊简介及其评价功能分析

近年来,围绕核心期刊存与废的争论,一直是图书情报界、学术界和出版界的热门话题,引起业内人士的极大关注。核心期刊的推出缘何会造成如此大的影响？究其原因,主要是由于核心期刊功能的延伸和强化,特别是在成果认定、期刊评价方面的广泛应用,直接影响到期刊编者、作者等诸多方面的利益,因此人们会从各自不同的角度对它持有不同看法。本文分析和探讨了核心期刊概念引发的问题。     

用牦牛睾丸细胞生产羊传染性脓疱皮炎疫苗效果观察

为满足生产批量化要求，用牦牛睾丸细胞代替犊牛睾丸细胞，接种G0-BT弱毒株，收获，加适当保护剂，经冷冻真空干燥制备羊传染性脓疱皮炎疫苗。结果半成品及成品检验均符合《规程》标准，取得了良好的效果。     

Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Amoxycillin in Chickens after Intravenous,Intramuscular and Oral Administrations

The pharmacokinetics and systemic bioavailability of amoxycillin were investigated in clinically healthy, broiler chickens (n = 10 per group) after single intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), and oral administrations at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. The plasma concentrations of amoxycillin were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the data were subjected to compartmental and non-compartmental kinetic analyses. Following single i.v. injection, all plasma amoxycillin data were described by a two compartment-open model. The elimination half-lives of amoxycillin were 1.07 h, 1.09 h and 1.13 h after single i.v., i.m. and oral administration, respectively. The total body clearance (Cl(B)) of amoxycillin was 0.80 (L/h)/kg and the volume of distribution calculated as V(d(area)) was 1.12 L/kg, respectively after i.v. administration. Substantial differences in the resultant kinetic data were obtained by comparing the plasma concentration profiles after i.m. injection with that after oral administration. The systemic i.m. bioavailability of amoxycillin was higher (77.21%) than after oral (60.92%) dosing. In vitro, the mean plasma protein binding of amoxycillin amounted to 8.27%. Owing to high clearance of amoxycillin in birds in our study, a plasma level was maintained above 0.25 microg/ml for only 6 h after i.m. and oral routes of administration and consequently frequent dosing may be necessary daily.