四川剑门关农业地质背景及农业旅游开发研究

通过对四川剑门关景区的调查研究,总结分析了剑门关景区的农业地质背景。对其地层特征、区域水文地质、地质构造、地球化学进行分析,最后提出相应的农业生态旅游开发策略。     

大樱桃的栽培方式对鼢鼠防治效果的影响

[目的]探究大樱桃栽培中的鼢鼠防治措施。[方法]通过对样地坡向、大樱桃栽培深度、种植年限的探讨,分析大樱桃栽培中影响鼢鼠对植株危害情况变化的主要因素,总结防治鼢鼠的方法。[结果]在试验范围内,鼢鼠封洞率与种植年限不相关(P>0.05)。样地Ⅰ鼢鼠封洞率与栽培深度呈显著相关(F=46.800,P=0.000),与种植年限不相关(F=0.168,P=0.848);样地Ⅱ鼢鼠封洞率与栽培深度呈显著相关(F=48.000,P=0.000),与种植年限不相关(F=0.399,P=0.682);样地Ⅲ鼢鼠封洞率与栽培深度呈显著相关(F=58.036,P=0.000),与种植年限不相关(F=0.267,P=0.772)。鼢鼠对植株的致死率与坡向、种植年限均无显著相关(P>0.05),随着栽培深度加深,植株保存率呈先升高后降低的趋势,植株存活率与栽培深度显著相关(R~2=0.723 1)。[结论]试验范围内,大樱桃栽培深度为40 cm时,存活率显著高于其他栽培深度的植株保存率,鼢鼠防治效果最好,其结果与样地坡向、种植年限无明显关系。     

基于灰数灰度的土壤有机质高光谱估测

为克服光谱估测中的不确定性,利用统计回归与灰色系统理论建立土壤有机质高光谱估测模型。以山东省济南市章丘区采集的76个土壤样本为研究对象,首先对土壤光谱数据进行变换处理,根据极大相关性原则选取特征波段的估测因子,建立各特征波段的一元线性回归预测模型;其次,对各估测因子进行由小到大排序,计算估测因子排序后的土壤有机质含量的滑动方差,将滑动方差转化为灰数的灰度值,并将其用于修正估测因子,然后再建立各特征波段的一元线性回归修正模型;最后采用平均法与加权法融合各个单波段的预测值。结果表明,所建估测模型精度和检验精度均显著提高,13个检验样本的R²=0.911,MRE=7.764%。研究表明,本文建立的基于灰数灰度的土壤有机质含量高光谱估测模型是可行有效的。     

关于营销型农业企业网络营销模式的探讨

营销型农业企业是农业企业中对管理理念的创新,新农村不仅要改变目前的落后生产管理方式,同时要改变目前落后的销售方式,营销型农业企业建立营销新模式——网络营销,是实现新农村信息化、现代化的重要途径。     

梭梭HaFT-1、HaFT-9基因启动子克隆及胁迫响应分析

14-3-3蛋白是一类普遍存在于真核生物中的分子伴侣,研究表明梭梭14-3-3蛋白HaFT-1和HaFT-9功能与胁迫响应密切相关。为进一步分析HaFT-1和HaFT-9基因胁迫响应机制,本研究采用染色体步移技术扩增HaFT-1和HaFT-9基因5’端上游调控序列,分别获得961和879 bp启动子序列。序列分析表明二者启动子除含有基本的启动子核心元件外,还包含多种逆境响应元件。分别构建HaFT-1和HaFT-9基因启动子-GUS重组载体瞬时转化烟草、棉花、梭梭幼苗,GUS染色结果显示：二者启动子在正常生长条件或高温、脱水、NaCl胁迫及ABA处理下均能调控GUS表达,并且HaFT-1启动子对以上处理的响应更加明显;在高温胁迫下,梭梭幼苗中二者启动子调控的GUS表达具有组织特异性。RT-qPCR结果显示,在梭梭幼苗中,高温、脱水、NaCl胁迫及ABA处理下HaFT-1和HaFT-9基因表达趋势与以上GUS染色结果基本一致。本研究为进一步阐明HaFT-1和HaFT-9基因在胁迫响应中的作用机制提供了科学依据。     

蓖麻毒素应用研究进展

蓖麻毒素包括蓖麻毒蛋白、蓖麻碱、蓖麻变应原和血球凝集素4种毒性物质。通过概述上述4种毒性物质的理化性质及毒性、在医药和农药方面的应用研究进展，以期为蓖麻毒素后续的开发利用奠定基础。     

Evaluation of agronomic traits and nutrient absorption of an F4 recombinant inbred line of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus)北大核心CSCD

In this research an F4 inbred line of Chinese milk vetch was constructed using Minzi No.7 milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) as the female parent and the variety Xinyang as the male parent. For 18 strains in this population, the agronomic traits and nutrient absorption status were evaluated in a pot experiment at the full flowering stage, in order to use the results as a reference for screening superior milk vetch strains. Differences between plant strains were found. Correlation analysis showed that fresh weight, dry weight and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and kalium were highly correlated, and were drivers of plant nutrient absorption, while plant height, branch number and leaf number were important factors affecting the fresh weight and dry weight of the plant. Principal component analysis showed that the main indexes such as shoot fresh and dry weights, and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and kalium in the shoots could be used as indexes of Chinese milk vetch performance. In cluster analysis with the distance coefficient d=25, the 18 tested strains could be classified into three groups, of which Group Ⅰ had 4 strains (m83xzh-1-4-4, m83xzh-1-4-6, m83xzh-1-4-8, and m83xzh-1-4-13) with excellent multivariate trait scores. The best performing Chinese milk vetch strain in this evaluation was m83xzh-1-4-4. For this strain, the total plant nitrogen, phosphorus and kalium nutrient accumulation, accumulation of phosphorus and kalium in the shoots and accumulation of nitrogen and kalium in the roots were highest among the18 strains tested and were 11.00 mg·pot-1, 145.18 mg·pot-1, 22.15 mg·pot-1 and 15.27 mg·pot-1, respectively. The herbage fresh yield of m83xzh-1-4-4 was 44.63 g·pot-1 and ranked second among the 18 strains tested. This study provides technical data which may be useful in future breeding work to develop new milk vetch varieties. © 2022, Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

丝瓜皮多酚的提取及抗氧化性研究

丝瓜皮是丝瓜食用时的废弃物，含有丰富的多酚等多种活性物质。本文采用单因素结合响应面试验对超声提取丝瓜皮多酚的工艺条件进行优化，并研究其抗氧化性，为丝瓜皮多酚的开发利用提供理论指导。试验结果显示，超声辅助法提取丝瓜皮多酚最优工艺条件是料液比1∶16(g/mL)，提取剂为76%乙醇溶液，提取温度63℃，提取时间30 min，在此条件下丝瓜皮多酚的实际得率为10.13 mg/g。当丝瓜皮多酚浓度为0.6 mg/mL时，对DPPH和羟基自由基的清除率分别为92.8%和88.17%，表明丝瓜皮多酚有较好的抗氧化性，是一种很好的天然抗氧剂。