家蚕肾形卵的荧光差异显示分析

Liang等建立的mRNA的荧光差异显示法 (flourescentdifferentialdisplay,FDD)具有高效、安全、有用信息多等特点。利用这一方法在mRNA水平上探讨了肾形卵 (ki)与正常卵在初期胚胎阶段的基因表达 ,回收了差异片段 10条 ,并对其差异进行了验证。其中之一的片段序列分析表明为低分子量热激蛋白基因 (smallheatshockgene)。     

家蚕体形突变第2数珠蚕(mf-2)的遗传学研究

经X射线诱导发现的家蚕体形突变第2数珠蚕(mf-2)在形态上与数珠蚕(mf:12-39.8)相似。通过二者间的杂交实验表明,mf-2与mf为独立遗传;与各染色体的标记基因进行连锁分析,发现mf-2与第15染色体的眼纹全黑(bl:15-0.0)连锁,说明mf-2基因属于第15连锁群;初步测定mf-2与bl间的遗传距离为27.7 cM。     

Initial design for a fish bioenergetics model of Pacific saury coupled to a lower trophic ecosystem model

A fish bioenergetics model coupled with an ecosystem model was developed to reproduce the growth of Pacific saury. The model spatially covers three different oceanographic spatial domains corresponding to the Kuroshio, Oyashio, and interfrontal (mixed water) regions. In this coupled model, three (small, large, and predatory) zooplankton densities which were derived from the lower trophic level ecosystem model were input to the bioenergetics model of saury as the prey densities. Although certain model parameters were imposed from other species’ bioenergetics, several model parameters were estimated from observational data specific to Pacific saury. The integrated model results reproduced appropriate growth rates of Pacific saury. Model sensitivities to water temperature and prey density are examined and observational methods to evaluate the model parameters are discussed.     

Mass spectrometric detection of proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-related peptides following molecular cloning of POMC cDNA in bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus

Several pituitary hormones, including adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), melanotropin (MSH) and β-endorphin, are generated from a common precursor protein, proopiomelanocortin (POMC). In fish, in addition to steroidogenesis of ACTH and melanogenesis of MSH, immunomodulating activity has been found in some POMC-related peptides. To investigate the functions of these peptides in the homologous system, it is necessary to establish a convenient detection method for the peptides. The present study aimed to establish a method for the detection of POMC-related peptides in bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus using a small amount of tissue sample, but not requiring peptide purification. We first determined the nucleotide sequence of tuna POMC cDNA. The cDNA was composed of 1084 base pairs (excluding the poly A tail) that encoded POMC consisting of 222 amino acids. We then fractionated an acid-acetone extract of one pituitary by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and determined the molecular weight of each separated peptide by mass spectrometry. Consequently, we detected eight POMC-related peptides by comparing the values to the deduced amino acid sequence. Thus, the present study enabled the detection of POMC-related peptides from a small amount of tissue without the use of several purification steps.     

Naupliar copepod concentrations in the spawning grounds of Japanese sardine, Sardinops melanostictus, along the Kuroshio Current

Naupliar copepods were distributed at similar concentrations over the waters inshore and offshore of the Kuroshio Current off central Japan in early spring 1993 and 1994, overlapping with the distribution of early feeding larvae of Sardinops melanostictus . Although N, P, Si and chlorophyll a concentrations were higher in the waters inshore of the Kuroshio axis than in the offshore waters, the mean concentrations of nauplii were not statistically different between the two waters. Food availability for larval S. melanostictus did not seem to be different between the two waters in terms of the mean food concentrations. Using the critical food concentration (>9 nauplii L^–1) for 25% survival during 3 days after first feeding derived from a rearing experiment, percentages in number of stations or water samples with nauplii concentrations >9 nauplii L^–1 were higher in the inshore waters than in the offshore waters in both years examined. Considering that fish larvae may depend on small-scale patchiness of food for their survival, the inshore waters seemed to be more favourable for first-feeding larvae than the offshore waters.     

蛹期低温冲击可产生灰色卵突变

卵色是由卵壳色和浆膜细胞色素及卵黄色复合的颜色构成的，一般的卵呈黑（深褐）色，不同地区品种有所差异：中系品种有些为褐色大多都带点绿色呈青灰色；日系品种多为灰紫色。正常卵壳无色透照或半透明：中系品种卵壳有白色半透明，略带浅黄绿色、半透明两种，日系品种卵壳多为白色透明。灰色卵属于突变卵壳之一，在很久以前已被人们发现，灰色卵只是卵壳不透明而现乳白色，故在外观上卵色呈灰色，早年发现的灰色卵Ｇｒ的特点为：当其是纯合体时壳卵透明呈正常卵色，杂合体时卵壳不透明为灰色卵。一般情况下，蚕化蛹后应在２５℃左右温度下…