带箨冬笋的化学贮藏（1）

利用固体保鲜剂对带箨的毛竹冬笋在常温（１０～１５℃）下进行贮藏试验，在为期５周的贮藏期内，以笋体外观及其营养成分含量的变化为指标，对试验结果应用正交试验方法筛选出了本实验条件下保鲜剂主要成分的最佳组合为２５％Ｎａ２ＳＯ３、３０％ＮａＨＣＯ３、１０％ＣａＯ和４０％大蒜抽出液。试验结果还表明，在贮藏开始的两周内冬笋的失水量可达到其自重的２０％，因此，保鲜措施应以前期保水、后期防霉为重点。     

毛竹实生苗专题文献分析

论文以1975～2003年间全国范围内有关毛竹实生苗的研究文献为依据,系统分析了毛竹实生苗研究的区域性、时代变化及不同研究方向上的变化,并对该领域的研究中存在的一些问题进行了讨论.     

拟南芥AtLURP1基因启动子在转基因烟草和水稻中的功能分析

克隆拟南芥LURP1基因上游1515 bp的启动子调控序列并命名为AtLURP1p,将其与GUS报告基因融合,构建成植物表达载体,分别遗传转化烟草和水稻,获得LURP1p::GUS的烟草和水稻转基因植株及其相应的T2代株系,分别研究LURP1p对水稻稻瘟病、辣椒青枯病侵染及SA、MeJA、ABA等几种重要的植物激素信号分子处理的应答.结果表明:(1)转基因烟草和水稻在几种激素,包括SA、MeJA、ABA的诱导处理下,GUS基因均可以被诱导表达;(2)转基因烟草在细菌性病菌青枯病的侵染下,GUS可被诱导表达并表现出持续表达的趋势,转基因水稻在稻瘟病的侵染下,其GUS基因也被诱导表达,并表现出后期持续上调的趋势.这些研究结果表明,拟南芥LURP1的应答逆境信号通路也存在于烟草和水稻等植物,该启动子可用作诱导型启动子广泛地应用于不同植物抗病基因工程.     

冬瓜 WRKY 基因家族鉴定及表达分析

【目的】WRKY转录因子家族在植物生长发育、抵御胁迫等过程起着至关重要的作用。挖掘参与冬瓜（Benincasa hispida Cogn.）非生物胁迫的WRKY基因家族成员,探究其生物学功能。【方法】基于冬瓜基因组数据库鉴定冬瓜WRKY成员,利用生物信息学的方法系统分析其WRKY基因家族成员的蛋白理化性质、系统发育、保守基序、顺式作用元件,通过qPCR分析冬瓜WRKY的表达情况。【结果】冬瓜WRKY基因家族有57个成员,氨基酸数目在126～650之间,相对分子质量在13.92～71.68 kD之间;蛋白等电点在4.61～9.69之间。根据系统进化树将该家族分为3个类群,第二类群又分为5个亚组。冬瓜WRKY外显子有2～6个。染色体定位分析发现,有56个基因定位在12条染色体上,1个基因未定位在染色体上。保守基序分析显示,Motif 1和Motif 3存在于56个基因,且同一类群具有类似的保守基序结构。同时,冬瓜WRKY基因的启动子上均含有应激反应相关元件、激素响应元件。WRKY在冬瓜不同组织和果实发育时期特异表达。RT-PCR结果表明非生物胁迫和激素处理冬瓜可诱导部分WRKY基因的表达。...     

基于转录组测序信息的德国鸢尾MADS-box基因家族分析

为探究MADS-box基因家族对德国鸢尾多季花品种花期的影响,本研究基于德国鸢尾(Iris germanica)转录组数据,利用生物信息学方法对MADS-box家族基因进行筛选鉴定,并对其理化性质、功能域及亲/疏水性等方面进行预测分析,且构建德国鸢尾和模式植物拟南芥MADS-box蛋白家族的系统进化树。结果表明,在德国鸢尾中鉴定出39个MADS-box基因家族成员,其编码的氨基酸序列分子量在4704.58~30112.19 k D之间,理论等电点(pI)介于5.01~10.92之间,其中32个表现为碱性蛋白,7个表现为酸性蛋白。大多数MADS-box蛋白定位于细胞核和线粒体基质,少许分布在其他细胞器均不含有信号肽。α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为二级结构的主要原件,所有蛋白均表现为亲水性蛋白。进化树分析结果显示,德国鸢尾MADS-box蛋白可聚为5大类(MIKC,Mα,Mβ,Mγ,Mδ)。本研究可为今后进一步研究德国鸢尾MADS-box蛋白的生物学功能提供一定的参考依据。     

犊牛群组饲养常见的误区及解决方案

断奶前犊牛群组饲养模式因其能实现犊牛机械化饲养和提高犊牛福利等优势,正逐步被国内牧场所接受并应用。但任何工艺模式在推广实施过程中,都会存在其相应的使用条件和限制因素。本文针对目前国内牧场犊牛群组饲养过程中出现的问题进行了归纳总结,列举了10 个主要认识误区,以期为犊牛群组饲养模式在牧场推广应用提供参考。     

Preparation of cellulose/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite membranes with enhanced conductive property regulated by ionic liquids

Cellulose/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)- composite membranes applied in electrochemical and biomedical fields were prepared using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethyl phosphate (EmimDEP) as solvent in this study. With the increasing of MWCNTs amount, the membrane conductivity increased, and the conductivity reached 9.1 S/cm as the mass ratio of MWCNTs to cellulose being 2:1. The additions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (C₁₆mimBr) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BmimBF₄) efficiently improved the conductivity, mechanical property, and thermal stability by promoting the dispersion of MWCNTs. When the mass ratio of C₁₆mimBr to MWCNTs changed from 0 to 0.3:1, the conductivity increased from 0.08 S/cm to 0.14 S/cm, and the tensile strength increased from 13.3 MPa to 17.0 MPa. These results indicate that the binary ionic liquids (ILs) system can regulate the properties of the composite membranes, and is a feasible approach for preparing cellulose/MWCNTs composite membranes with enhanced properties.     

Purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from Henry chestnuts (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Castanea henryi</Emphasis>)

Polyphenol oxidase from Castanea henryi nuts was partially purified. Some characteristics of the enzyme were then determined to help devise measures for the prevention of undesirable enzymatic browning during storage and processing of the nuts. Preparation of acetone powder extracts of the nuts, ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and gel filtration resulted in 37-fold purification of the enzyme with a yield of 13%. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the excitation spectrum confirmed the enzyme preparation to be homogeneous. The approximate molecular weight of the enzyme was determined by gel filtration to be 69kD. The enzyme catalyzed the oxidation of catechol and pyrogallic acid as substrates but did not affect cresol or tyrosine. Using catechol as substrate, p-nitrophenol, thiourea, orcinol, and naphthol showed strong inhibition. The optimal pH and temperature for the enzyme were pH 5.0 and 40°C, respectively. The enzyme proved heat labile. When the enzyme was incubated at 70°C for 30min, the remaining activity of the enzyme was only 8%. Possible approaches to applying the results of this study to the prevention of enzymatic browning in the production of C. henryi nuts is also discussed.     

Five heavy metals in propagules of ten mangrove species of China

Five heavy metals in the propagules of 10 mangrove species in China have been investigated. The results revealed that the levels of five heavy metals in most of the propagules were lower than the background levels of the soil. The levels of copper, manganese, zinc, cadmium, and lead in the propagules varied at about 2.1–7.8 g/g, 3.9–28.0 g/g, 5.7–60.0 g/g, 0.014–0.057 g/g, and 0.018–0.038 g/g, respectively. On average, the levels of five heavy metals were in the order Zn > Mn > Cu > Cd > Pb. The biological absorption coefficients were 0.02–1.30 for copper, manganese, zinc, and cadmium and about 0.0007–0.0020 for lead in propagules, showing the following order: Zn > Cd > Cu > Mn > Pb. The above results indicate that the five heavy metals have low accumulation in most of the propagules of 10 mangrove species and are at safe levels for the effective utilization of mangrove resources.