Effect of withholding feed on concentration and composition of plasma very low density lipoprotein and serum nonesterified fatty acids in horses

OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare the concentration and composition of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in plasma and selected lipids in serum of horses fed mixed grass hay ad libitum or denied feed for 36 hours. ANIMALS: 4 healthy adult mares. PROCEDURE: Mares were either fed mixed grass hay ad libitum or denied feed for 36 hours beginning at 8:00 AM. Blood samples were collected every 2 hours during the study period and analyzed for nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), triglyceride (TG), VLDL, and glucose concentrations and composition of VLDL. RESULTS: Withholding feed significantly increased mean serum concentrations of NEFA. By 36 hours, a 16-fold increase in mean serum NEFA concentration and 2-fold increase in mean plasma VLDL concentration, compared with baseline values, were detected. Mean plasma TG concentrations significantly increased with time in feed-deprived horses. Significantly lower overall mean plasma glucose concentrations were detected in feed-deprived horses. Mean percentage of protein in VLDL was significantly lower in feed-deprived horses. Plasma VLDL concentrations varied widely among horses in response to withholding feed. Plasma TG and VLDL concentrations remained unaltered in 2 horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Withholding feed significantly increases blood lipid concentrations in horses, but individual horses respond differently. Serum NEFA concentrations were increased in all 4 horses denied feed, indicating mobilization of tissue triglyceride stores. Variation in plasma VLDL concentration in response to withholding feed suggests that its metabolism is strongly influenced by other, as yet undetermined, factors in horses. Differences in the plasma VLDL concentrations among horses in response to withholding feed may be used as an indication of susceptibility to the hyperlipemic syndrome of Equidae.     

纯色幸福——萨摩耶犬

每一个人对一种颜色的喜欢似乎都源自于本能。白色,一个纯净的颜色;一个雅致的颜色;一个简单而幸福的颜色;一个能折射出光彩的颜色。也许,只有在这种颜色下,我们才能看到真正的美丽。自由飞翔的白鸽;安静盛开的百合;晴空飘动的云朵,一切都是那么舒服自在。而萨摩耶犬,它更像是一个传递幸福与快乐的使者,让你可以随时随地都能接收到它带给你的与纯色有关的幸福小调。而源自于它的幸福是自由的,也是多彩而美丽的。     

Prolonged survival of second human kidney transplants

Rejection of kidney transplants in 264 patients, followed by retransplantation from cadaver donors, resulted in a 1-year survival rate of 51 +/- 3 percent (rate +/- standard error) as compared to 51 +/- 1 percent for first transplants. If the first transplant immunizes the patient or is rejected by immunologically responsive patients, second grafts into the same patients would be expected to be rejected at a higher rate. Only those reject who reject first grafts hyperacutely or between 1 to 3 months were found to have low second graft survival rates. Patients who rejected transplants after 3 months tended to have second transplant survival rates which were higher than their first graft survival rates.     

Effects of hypothyroidism and withholding of feed on plasma lipid concentrations,concentration and composition of very-low-density lipoprotein,and plasma lipase activity in horses

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate selected concentrations of blood lipids and lipase activities in euthyroid and hypothyroid horses deprived of feed for 96 hours. ANIMALS: 4 healthy adult mares and 4 thyroidectomized adult mares. PROCEDURE: Horses were deprived of feed for 96 hours. Blood samples were collected at 24-hour intervals and analyzed to determine concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) as well as composition of VLDL. Plasma lipase activities were measured after feed was withheld for 96 hours and 12 days after resumption of feeding. RESULTS: Time significantly affected plasma NEFA, VLDL, TG, and TC concentrations in both groups of horses. During the 96-hour period, mean plasma concentrations of NEFA and VLDL increased 10-fold in euthyroid horses and increased 5-fold and 9-fold, respectively, in hypothyroid horses. Mean plasma TG concentrations increased 8-fold in both groups, and plasma TC concentrations significantly increased by 33 and 30%, respectively. Composition of VLDL was significantly affected by feed deprivation in euthyroid horses. Activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase were significantly higher in feed-deprived horses. Activity of hepatic lipase was significantly lower in hypothyroid horses than in euthyroid horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hypothyroidism did not significantly alter the magnitude of the response of blood lipids to feed deprivation. Thyroid hormones may reduce variability in blood lipid concentrations but do not determine susceptibility to hyperlipemia. Hypothyroidism does not appear to be a factor in the pathogenesis of hyperlipemia in horses.     

澳网革命

革命,是一个阶级推翻另一个阶级的暴动。我们本以为秩序才刚刚确立,却没想到,忽如一夜,春风便扑面而来。开赛之前:澳网就先革了自己的命,用彻头彻尾的蓝调取代了原先的一片绿野仙踪。于是在这片炫目的蓝色中,我们认识了特松加、目睹了凌晨4点的比赛、见证了德约捧起大满贯、还有孙甜甜带来的惊艳,澳网的变化令人目不暇接。而在这动荡的蓝色中,倒掉的名字更令人目瞪口呆:费德勒、纳达尔、海宁、威廉姆斯姐妹……有些事情是会变的。