Chemical Structure of the Organic Matter of Water-Stable Structural Units in Haplic Chernozem under Contrasting Land Uses: Solid-State CP-MAS 13C-NMR Spectroscopy

Eurasian Soil Science - The chemical structure of different soil organic matter (OM) pools in water-stable macro- and free microaggregates isolated from the surface horizons of Haplic Chernozem in...     

Combinatorics and Soil Classification

Eurasian Soil Science - Experimental data on 1029 soil profiles examined in the area of the Chashnikovo Experimental and Training Soil-Ecological Center of Moscow State University in Moscow region...     

Organic Matter of the Air-Dry and Water-Stable Macroaggregates (2–1 mm) of Haplic Chernozem in Contrasting Variants of Land Use

Eurasian Soil Science - The content and the composition of soil structural units of different hierarchical levels were studied for Haplic Chernozems (Loamic, Pachic) of Kursk region under...     

Natural 13C Abundance and Chemical Structure of Organic Matter of Haplic Chernozem under Contrasting Land Uses

Eurasian Soil Science - Natural 13C abundance and chemical structure of different organic matter (OM) pools of Haplic Chernozem in contrasting land use variants (steppe and long-term bare fallow)...     

Evaluating innovative technologies for multistage fish growth processes: Case study of an eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) farm

A new method for evaluating innovative technologies for multistage fish growth processes was developed. An earlier economic model was adapted to meet the real-world requirements of a commercial eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) farm. The economic benefits of different innovative technologies at the farm level were evaluated where the technology included multiple production alternatives at various intensities and several growth stages. Data were gathered into “bio-economic” tables that take into account the biological parameters of each production alternative and the costs related to its development and implementation. The adjusted data were then divided into groups of production alternatives and feasible combinations of alternatives for each of three growth stages were evaluated to determine the best technology for the overall growth process. A computer program enabled us to enumerate all potential innovative technologies, collect information on biological parameters and costs by growth stage, and compare additional profit expected after implementation of each innovation. Results reveal the most profitable innovative technologies by growth stage for the 5-year eel culture. Comparison of the 10 best technologies shows that combining the alternatives with the best biological parameters for each growth stage does not necessarily result in the maximum additional profit for the farm.     

Organic carbon stabilization in microaggregates of sod-podzolic soils depending on land use

The variations in organic matter content related to changes in land use depend on the localization and soil stabilization mechanisms. Plowing of sod-podzolic soil results in a ninefold decrease in the free organic matter content. The carbon content in organic and organomineral fractions localized in microaggregates gets 2 and 1.3 times lower, respectively. The ratio between carbon fractions in coarse and fine microaggregates increases from 2 to 3. The natural forestation of agricultural lands leads to an increase in the amount of free and aggregated organic matter and a decrease in the organomineral component of microaggregates and the ratio between carbon fractions in coarse and fine microaggregates.     

黄芪种衣剂对2年生黄芪生物量的影响

通过黄芪进行种衣剂包衣处理,以ND牌种衣剂包衣和空白种子为双对照,比较研究在不同处理条件下,黄芪种衣剂对2年生膜荚黄芪植物生物性状以及生物量的影响.结果表明:黄芪种衣剂包衣处理后,在生物产量方面,黄芪种衣剂处理组在第2年的生物量增长好于对照,表明黄芪种衣剂在第2年时仍然对植株生物量的增长发挥作用.     

Evaluation of aggregate stability of Haplic Stagnosols using dynamic light scattering,phase analysis light scattering and color coordinates

Dynamic light scattering and phase analysis light scattering have been used to study organo-clay complexes and aggregate stability of Haplic Stagnosols depending on land use. The study of agricultural soils afforested for 45 years showed that the value of the effective diameter of organo-clay complexes slightly decreased compared to that in arable soil but remains still higher than that in the forest soil. Multiple linear regression statistical models were developed to predict the effective diameter of the particles. The best model (r = 0.95), where all parameters were significant (P < 0.05), included the clay content, clay carbon concentration, total iron (Fe_t) and soil color coordinates (L*, a*, b*). In the upper horizons, the effective diameter depends on the organic matter content, whereas iron oxides with surfaced position play the main role in the underlying horizons. Intensive tillage moves the colloidal system to coagulation and after withdrawal of arable Haplic Stagnosol from the agricultural production, the colloidal system tends to restore its peptization stability. However, it should be noted that the afforestation period (45 years) of arable Haplic Stagnosols is not enough for a full recovery of organo-clay complexes peptization stability.     

Genomic changes in generations of synthetic rapeseed-like allopolyploid grown under selection

Resynthesized Brassica napus L. is an important source for broadening genetic diversity and producing lines with desired characteristics. It is also a fine model to study the processes of genomic reorganizations in recently formed polyploids. We firstly performed molecular cytogenetic characterization of newly resynthesized rapeseed (B. rapa ssp. narinosa × B. oleracea ssp. capitata) and its parental species, and also examined genomic changes in hybrids of the succeeding generations grown under pressure of selection of yellow-seeded progeny. For karyotype studies, FISH/GISH with 45S, 5S rDNA, C genome specific BoB014O06 BAC clone and genomic DNA of parental B. rapa was performed. Synthetic S0–S2 hybrids had common rapeseed karyotypes (2n = 38) including 14 loci of 45S rDNA sites and 10 loci of 5S rDNA. Progeny selection led to gradual deletion of C genome chromosomes in hybrid karyotypes. So, in karyotypes of S6 and S7 hybrids, the chromosome number was reduced to 2n = 20–22, and only chromosomes of A genome bearing 10–13 loci of 45S rDNA and 8–10 loci of 5S rDNA, variations in chromosome number, chromosome rearrangements as well as examples of trisomy and monosomy were revealed. Our findings indicate an enhanced genome instability in resynthesized rapeseed lines developed under the pressure of selection which might lead to chromosome rearrangements or/and deletions and even elimination of the whole parental genome in hybrids in succeeding generations. The approach can be useful for the development of rapeseed lines with trisomy, chromosome addition/substitution lines important for genetics and plant breeding.     

Systematization of Organo-Clay combinations in soils of the center of the Russian Plain

A systematization of organo-clay combinations in zonal soils of the center of the Russian Plain is suggested. This systematization adequately reflects the zonal features of pedogenesis and agrees with traditional estimates of the ecological state of the soils and their tolerance toward the agrogenic degradation. The four types of organo-clay combinations are characterized by different degrees of humification, aggregation, tolerance toward soil compaction, and tolerance toward soil degradation.