桑卷叶枯病病原菌的形态特征与分离培养条件

桑卷叶枯病是桑树的主要真菌病害之一。采用常规的微生物学试验方法观察病原菌桑单胞枝霉菌(Hormodendrummori Yendo)的形态并研究病原菌的分离培养条件。结果表明,病原菌在PDA培养基上生长良好,形成白色圆形凸状菌落,并能产生大量的暗蓝褐色分生孢子梗和淡灰色分生孢子;菌丝的生长温度为8～40℃,产生分生孢子的温度为10～38℃,分生孢子的致死温度为50～55℃,菌丝生长和分生孢子产生的最适温度为25～30℃;适合菌丝生长的pH为4.5～11.0,最适pH为6～7;相对湿度大有利于菌丝生长和分生孢子的产生与萌发;连续光照可促进产孢。以上结果信息可供研究桑卷叶枯病病原菌的危害特点和建立病害的有效防治方法参考。     

家蚕品种854B高良卵率新品系的建立

春制春用蚕种的良卵率受遗传和环境因素的影响。采用不良桑叶饲养诱导,通过单蛾育定向选择,并以自交继代的方法,对家蚕品种854B的良卵率性状进行遗传改良,期望从品种遗传改良的角度探索提高春制春用蚕种良卵率的技术。新建立的家蚕品种854B的高良卵率品系854B40系,其春制春用蚕种的不良卵率为1.98%,较同一品种的对照品系854B湘系的春制春用蚕种的不良卵率显著降低(P<0.05)。高良卵率品系854B40系的繁育成绩中,全茧量与茧层量较854B凉山、854B湘系显著下降,分别为1.560 g和0.376 g,但死笼率、虫蛹率、茧层率与对照品系间差异不明显。试验结果表明,在不良环境因素诱导下对品种的良卵率性状进行定向选择,可以达到稳定提高春制春用蚕种良卵率的目的。     

苎麻骨粉在金针菇栽培上的应用研究

将去皮后的新鲜苎麻骨晒干，加工成0．2-0．3cm大小的颗粒，通过不同用量添加到杂木屑、棉子壳中栽培金针菇，试验结果表明：①当用量不超过50％时，金针菇菌丝生长发育良好，菌丝生长健壮、浓密、洁白、杂菌污染率低，且子实体生长发育良好，产量较高；②以30％麻骨粉与杂木屑或棉子壳混合，比单纯用杂木屑或棉子壳栽培食用菌的效果要好，生物转化率提高约10％左右，麻骨粉可以代替部分杂木屑或棉子壳栽培食用菌；麻骨粉30％为栽培食用菌的最适宜用量。     

Distribution and availability of fungicide-derived copper in soil aggregates

Purpose

Soil consists of various sizes of aggregates, and different soil aggregates vary in their abilities to adsorb or transport metals. This study aimed to investigate the distribution behaviors of Cu from different fungicides in soil aggregates after a 15-month incubation.

Materials and methods

Bordeaux mixture (CuSO₄/Ca(OH)₂?=?1/1 by weight, BR), copper nitrate (Cu(NO₃)₂·4H₂O, CN), and copper oxychloride (3Cu(OH)₂·CuCl₂, CO) were applied to a representative Chinese Mollisol to reach the Cu content 200 mg kg^?1. Five soil aggregate fractions, i.e., >?2000 μm, 2000–1000 μm, 1000–500 μm, 500–250 μm, and <?250 μm, were obtained by the wet sieving method. The modified Bureau Communautaire de Références (BCR) sequential extraction was applied to assess the Cu distribution among the main soil fractions.

Results and discussion

The highest Cu mass loading was found for the >?2000-μm soil aggregate. The input Cu was mainly in stable fractions, and the highest proportion was found for the residual fraction. The bioavailability and mobility of Cu from different fungicides in soils varied from each other, and they presented an order of CO > CN > BR. High bioavailability and transferring coefficients were found in the <?250-μm and >?2000-μm soil aggregates.

Conclusions

This study indicated that the input Cu from fungicides mainly distributed in the >?2000-μm soil aggregates. Moreover, the CO-derived Cu presented a higher availability than the BR- and CN-derived Cu in the soil.

     

人工三倍体桑树新品种湘桑6号的育成

以鲁桑系二倍体湘7920为母本,以化学诱导广东桑组合塘10×伦109获得的四倍体诱59为父本,采用杂交育种的方法育成了人工三倍体桑树新品种湘桑6号(2n=3x=42)。该品种具有丰产优质的特点:桑叶产量比对照湖桑32号提高30.8%;养蚕试验万蚕茧层量提高6.2%,100 kg桑叶产茧量提高6.5%,单蛾良卵数提高7.8%;桑叶干物粗蛋白的含量提高2.35%。     

湖南地区桑园害虫-天敌群落结构及季节动态研究

基于对湖南地区桑园害虫-天敌群落的系统调查,应用群落参数和系统聚类的方法分析了桑园害虫-天敌群落结构及季节动态。桑园害虫-天敌群落多样性指数全年存在较大的差异,均匀度指数也极不一致,害虫亚群落一直保持很高的物种丰富度和群落生态优势度,少数几种害虫的种群优势度特别大。桑园害虫-天敌群落还呈现明显的季节消长规律,全年基本上呈单峰曲线,与月均温度曲线基本一致,且与桑叶采伐、农药治虫、月降雨量等密切相关,并表现出天敌-害虫-桑树之间明显的追随现象。桑园害虫-天敌群落季节动态可分为:越冬期、活跃期、波动期和过渡期4个阶段。