Clinical, histopathological and therapeutic considerations in a flock of sheep with facial staphylococcal-associated dermatitis

In a flock of 290 sheep, a total of 20 ewes (6.9%) with an age range of 1.5-4 years, developed a nonpruritic dermatitis characterized by alopecia/hypotrichosis, erythema, hyperpigmentation, crusting, superficial ulcers, exudation and thickening of the skin that was localized mainly to the peri-ocular area. Frequent and massive feeding of swarming sucking flies on the lesional sites was witnessed. In every instance (n = 6), Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from the exudate and the aseptically obtained skin biopsy samples from both recurrent and new cases. The main predisposing factor was the presence of small troughs, which forced the sheep to compete for food. Intramuscular administration of cefalexin for 7 days resulted in the resolution of lesions over a 2-week period. No further cases or recurrences were seen over the 16-month follow-up period. The main histopathological feature of this skin disease was a superficial and deep, perivascular to interstitial eosinophilic and mononuclear dermatitis.     

Does rainbow trout justify its high rank among alien invasive species? Insights from a nationwide survey in Greece

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墨西哥锡那罗亚引种麻竹:应对气候变化的粮食安全战略

墨西哥锡那罗亚是拉丁美洲最重要的粮食生产区。2009年以来,霜冻和大风不断袭击该区,造成作物减产25%,损毁作物17万hm²,每年损失粮食折合5亿美元。在锡那罗亚州,引种麻竹作为一种主要的经济作物,可以弥补因气候变化导致的粮食损失,并可为墨西哥西北部地区增加17万hm²的竹林。麻竹鲜笋亦可销往墨西哥其他地区、美国南部和中美洲各国。文章旨在阐述当前气候变化背景下竹子资源为人类带来巨大效益的潜力,并可进行商业性生产。在中国的大力帮助下,在墨西哥设计建立了一个竹子商业性生产的试验项目,以此说明竹子在提高人们生活质量方面的潜力。总之,竹子及其相关产业的社会经济价值会极大地影响墨西哥锡那罗亚人们的生活方式。     

Comparison of passive and active canopy sensors for the estimation of vine biomass production

Recent advances in optical designs and electronic circuits have allowed the transition from passive to active proximal sensors. Instead of relying on the reflectance of natural sunlight, the active sensors measure the reflectance of modulated light from the crop and so they can operate under all lighting conditions. This study compared the potential of active and passive canopy sensors for predicting biomass production in 25–32 randomly selected positions of a Merlot vineyard. Both sensors provided estimates of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from a nadir view of the canopy at veraison that were good predictors of pruning weight. Although the red NDVI of the passive sensors explained more of the variation in biomass (R ² = 0.82), its relationship to pruning weight was nonlinear and was best described by a quadratic regression (NDVI = 0.55 + 0.50 wt−0.21 wt²). The theoretically greater linearity of the amber NDVI-biomass relationship could not be verified under conditions of high biomass. The linear correlation to stable isotope content in leaves (¹³C and ¹⁵N) provided evidence that canopy reflectance detected plant stresses as a result of water shortage and limited fertilizer N uptake. Thus, the canopy reflectance data provided by these mobile sensors can be used to improve site-specific management practices of vineyards.     

通过电子课程学习家禽福利和食品质量评价指标

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Effects of biosolids from tomato processing on soil fertility and wheat growth in a Greek alfisol

The effects of biosolids from tomato processing on soil properties and wheat growth were investigated in an Alfisol from central Greece. Biosolids were mixed with soil from the surface (Ap) or subsurface (Bt) horizon in plastic containers at rates of 1%, 5%, and 10% by dry weight (d.w.; equivalent to 10, 50, and 100 Mg ha^–1). Biosolid treatments were compared to an NH₄Cl application (50 mg N kg^–1) and an untreated control in (1) a 102 d incubation experiment at 28°C to determine biosolid nitrification potential and (2) a 45 d outdoor experiment to evaluate effects on soil fertility and wheat growth. Mineralization of biosolids in the incubation experiment resulted in accumulation of nitrate‐N and indicated that biosolids were able to supply N that was in excess of crop needs in treatments of 5% and 10%. After 45 d of wheat growth, available soil nutrients (N, P) and P uptake by wheat were distinctly lower in the Bt than in the Ap horizon. However, soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total N, nitrate‐N, extractable P, and exchangeable K increased with increasing rate of biosolid application in both soils. These were followed by corresponding increases in wheat nutrient uptake and biomass production, thus demonstrating the importance of this organic material for sustaining production in soils of low immediate fertility. Compared to the NH₄Cl treatment (50 kg N ha^–1 equivalent), biosolid application rates of 5% and 10% had higher available soil nutrients, similar or higher nutrient uptake and higher wheat biomass. But only an application of 10% biosolids provided sufficient N levels for wheat in the surface soil, and even higher applications were required for providing sufficient N and P in the Bt horizon.     

Groundwater Pollution by Heavy Metals in Historical Mining Area of Lavrio,Attica, Greece

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Differential competitive and allelopathic ability of Cyperus rotundus on Solanum lycopersicum,Solanum melongena and Capsicum annuum

A 2-year greenhouse and laboratory study was conducted to investigate the competition and allelopathy between Cyperus rotundus L. and Solanum lycopersicum L., S. melongena L. and Capsicum annuum L. All crops showed low ability to withstand competition of C. rotundus and this was the reason for the reduction of their total fruit number and fruit yield by 81%–94% and 86%–96%, respectively. The aqueous extracts from C. rotundus plant parts decreased the seed germination and root length of all vegetable cultivars, indicating supplementary allelopathic activity of C. rotundus on all vegetables. The low correlation coefficient between the total fruit yield of the cultivars grown under weed-free conditions and total fruit-yield reduction due to C. rotundus interference indicates clearly that the yielding ability of the cultivars is not related with their tolerance to C. rotundus interference.     

建筑在中国墨西哥竹子技术转移中的作用——对乡村旅游业的直接影响

竹子作为一种可产出功能最多样产品的植物,因其经济、生态和社会效益被国际社会广泛认可。但整体而言,全球竹产业仍处于发展初期,没有哪一个国家充分实现其产业潜力。竹材作为一种建筑材料,被证明是振兴欠发达地区强有力的先锋,是发展乡村旅游的主要抓手。文章对比了中国和墨西哥的竹产业发展现状。中国虽然是世界第一的竹子生产国,但仍有许多社区因快速的城市化而在减少其竹资源;而在墨西哥,虽然有理想的生态环境和市场条件,但由于缺乏联邦政府的支持,竹产业仍然不发达。在这两种产业状况下,竹建筑将成为进一步促进竹子发展的关键工具。文章以中国的2个竹建筑建设项目为例阐述了竹建筑在发展乡村旅游中的作用。在墨西哥,竹建筑可以作为从中国引进竹技术的桥梁,也有助于新政府实施政治体制改革,加强民族认同感。文章认为,无论是竹产业处于起步阶段的墨西哥,还是竹产业相对完善的中国,建设具有吸引力的竹建筑对于振兴乡村旅游都是可行的,同时可以激发当地居民管理其竹资源的热情。