转基因动物在家畜改良中的应用

在最近十年中,科学家根据关于繁殖生理学和配子的知识,结合应用分子生理学工具,把外源基因结构引入不同类动物的受精细胞中。1985年,有两个实验室显示了获得转基因家畜的可行性,接着全世界的好几个研究中心成功地把外源基因引入鸡、绵羊和猪中,获得转基因家畜(鸡除外)的方法实质上和 Gordon 首次提出的获得转基因小鼠的微注射法相一致.猪和牛卵在微注射前必须离心以除去胞浆中不透光物质,因为否则的话这些物质会遮     

农业中的硫肥

硫自从用于制造氮、钾和磷肥以来,已在粮食增产中发挥了明显的作用。从1975—1985年,全世界S消费量已由2960万吨增加到5700万吨,几乎翻了一番。其中生产磷肥用硫约占目前总消费S量的55％。 硫(S)是植物生长的必需养分,其需要量与磷(P)差不多。作物产量提高已使全球每年从土壤中带走的S量接近5.5百万吨,但全球增施的肥料中含硫肥料很少,硫的匮乏已被许多事实所证实。     

家禽对氨基酸消化率的原理,问题和应用

由于图书分类法的修订与快速兴起的新学科之间存在着较长的时间差，许多新兴学科在分类法中一时找不到合适的位置。一方面给图书馆的分类工作带来困难。也给读检索利用新兴科学带来困难，同时也使图书馆的藏书体系中失去新学科的完整性。本作通过祥尽的分析探讨，提出了在分类法总论复分表中设一个专用复分号的办法，将无法归类的新学科图书集中到一起，一方面有利于读的及进检索利用，另一方面也有地将来分类法修订，有了新     

Efficacy of parenteral antibiotics for disease prophylaxis in feedlot calves

Trimethoprim-sulfadoxine (TMPSDX) and two formulations of oxytetracycline (OTC) were examined for their prophylactic efficacy in feedlot calves when given by intramuscular injection on arrival at a large commercial feedlot. The study included 2,112 high-risk feeder calves that developed disease early in the feeding period. Both formulations of OTC reduced bovine respiratory disease morbidity during the first two weeks on feed and for the entire feeding period by 15-19% (p<0.05), and they also reduced all fatal fibrinous pneumonia by 67% and 84% (p<0.05). All three drugs significantly reduced all fatal disease in animals first treated during the second week on feed, but not for the overall feeding period. Oxytetracycline with 2-pyrrolidone reduced the incidence of all fatal disease by 44% (p<0.05) during the entire feeding period. The case fatality risk for calves first treated during the second week on feed was lower (p<0.05) in the TMPSDX group and in the OTC with polyvinyl-pyrrolidone group.     

An Unusual Necrotizing cholangiohepatitis in Broiler Chickens

A diagnosis of toxic necrotizing cholangiohepatitis was made in approximately 35% of a flock of 23,000 commercial broiler chickens. Affected chickens were small, and had discrete green foci throughout the liver. Seven to twelve days prior to shipping the flock to slaughter, premixes containing oxytetracycline, monensin, and 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid had been added to the ration because the birds had wet droppings and were growing slowly. The 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid had been inadvertently incorporated at ten times the recommended level. Liver and kidney of affected birds had elevated levels of total arsenic, and special strains demonstrated arsenic in necrotic foci in liver. Histologically there was marked dilation of intrahepatic bile ducts, and patchy necrosis and hyperplasia of the bile duct epithelium. Damage to bile ducts may have been a toxic manifestation of altered metabolism and excretion of the three drugs being fed to birds suffering from intercurrent diarrhea and/or undefined interactions among the drugs.     

Olmec settlement data from la venta, tabasco, Mexico

Research at La Venta, a major Olmec center on a low salt dome 12 kilometers from the Gulf Coast has revealed evidence of initial occupation (about 1750 to 1400 B.C.) along levees of the silted-in Río Barí, north of the site core in a transitional estuarine-riverine environment. Between 1400 and 1150 B.C. settlement expanded to nearby La Venta itself, which between 1150 and 800 B.C. developed into a major temple-town complex. Local development peaked at La Venta and along the river levees between 800 and 500 B.C. In this span La Venta headed a local three-tiered site hierarchy as social distinctions expanded to the peripheral Río Barí sites. New excavations show that growth in population size and density at La Venta preceded the development of sociopolitical complexity. These data contradict the traditional organizational reconstruction of Olmec society, the "vacant ceremonial center" model, and provide qualified support for a model that presents riverine resource concentration as a significant factor in the evolution of Olmec civilization.