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Muluneh Tamiru Heiko C. Becker Brigitte L. Maass 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(1):115-131
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is widely grown in many parts of Ethiopia and plays a vital role in local subsistence. Nevertheless, its diversity
has not been studied in detail. A survey covering 339 farm households and eight districts was conducted in the major yam growing
regions of Southern Ethiopia to investigate the diversity and distribution of yam landraces using structured and semi-structured
questionnaires. A total of 37 named landraces were recorded, with a range from one to six (mean 2.9) on individual farms.
Farmers’ decisions regarding the number and type of landraces maintained was influenced by tolerance of the landraces to drought,
their maturity time and market demand. Most landraces had limited abundance and distribution, and only a few dominant landraces
were widely grown. There was also variation amongst districts with respect to diversity, distribution and abundance of the
landraces found. In the majority of the localities surveyed, farmers reported a decreasing trend in the number of landraces
maintained on individual farms and in the overall yam production. Besides, in those limited areas where yam production is
expanding, farmers are increasingly relying on a few selected landraces that mature early. Findings of this study suggest
that local farmers in Wolayita and Gamo-Gofa zones maintain considerable yam diversity that remains to be further explored
for sustainable utilization and conservation of the available genetic resources. 相似文献
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Dundon WG Heidari A Fusaro A Monne I Beato MS Cattoli G Koch G Starick E Brown IH Aldous EW Briand FX Le Gall-Reculé G Jestin V Jørgensen PH Berg M Zohari S Metreveli G Munir M Ståhl K Albina E Hammoumi S Gil P de Almeida RS Smietanka K Domańska-Blicharz K Minta Z Van Borm S van den Berg T Martin AM Barbieri I Capua I;EPIZONE Network of Excellence Molecular Epidemiology of AI;APMV working group 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,154(3-4):209-221
Since 2006, the members of the molecular epidemiological working group of the European "EPIZONE" network of excellence have been generating sequence data on avian influenza and avian paramyxoviruses from both European and African sources in an attempt to more fully understand the circulation and impact of these viruses. This review presents a timely update on the epidemiological situation of these viruses based on sequence data generated during the lifetime of this project in addition to data produced by other groups during the same period. Based on this information and putting it all into a European context, recommendations for continued surveillance of these important viruses within Europe are presented. 相似文献
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Smietanka K Minta Z Włodarczyk R Wyrostek K Jóźwiak M Olszewska M Minias P Kaczmarek K Janiszewski T Kleszcz A 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2012,15(2):323-328
During a 3-year surveillance study for avian influenza virus (AIV) infections at the Jeziorsko reservoir in central Poland, 549 oropharyngeal or cloacal swabs from 366 birds of 14 species belonging to 3 orders (Anseriformes, Charadriiformes and Gruiformes) were tested. AIV was detected in 14 birds (3.8%): Common Teals (12x), Mallard (1x) and Garganey (1x). Three potentially dangerous H5 AIV were detected in Common Teals (2x) and Garganey (1x) but all of them revealed a low pathogenic pathotype. A unique cleavage site amino acid motif PQREIR*GLF was found in one H5 isolate from a Garganey. 相似文献
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During previous experiments, maternal antibodies against rabies were detected in the sera of fox cubs whelped by orally immunised vixens. These antibodies appear to be transferred exclusively via the colostrum. No evidence of maternally transferred immunity in the form of immunoglobulin G was found in 80 fox embryos collected from 19 rabies-immune vixens originating from areas where oral rabies vaccine baits had been distributed. 相似文献
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Gina Cannarozzi Solomon Chanyalew Kebebew Assefa Abate Bekele Regula Blösch Annett Weichert Dominik Klauser Sonia Plaza-Wüthrich Korinna Esfeld Moritz Jöst Abiel Rindisbacher Habte Jifar Victoria Johnson-Chadwick Ermias Abate Wuyan Wang Rizqah Kamies Negussu Husein Worku Kebede Kidist Tolosa Yazachew Genet Kidu Gebremeskel Brikti Ferede Firew Mekbib Federico Martinelli Hans Christian Pedersen Suhail Rafudeen Shimelis Hussein Muluneh Tamiru Naomi Nakayama Mike Robinson Ian Barker Samuel Zeeman Zerihun Tadele 《Euphytica》2018,214(2):31
Indigenous crops also known as orphan crops are key contributors to food security, which is becoming increasingly vulnerable with the current trend of population growth and climate change. They have the major advantage that they fit well into the general socio-economic and ecological context of developing world agriculture. However, most indigenous crops did not benefit from the Green Revolution, which dramatically increased the yield of major crops such as wheat and rice. Here, we describe the Tef Improvement Project, which employs both conventional- and molecular-breeding techniques to improve tef—an orphan crop important to the food security in the Horn of Africa, a region of the world with recurring devastating famines. We have established an efficient pipeline to bring improved tef lines from the laboratory to the farmers of Ethiopia. Of critical importance to the long-term success of this project is the cooperation among participants in Ethiopia and Switzerland, including donors, policy makers, research institutions, and farmers. Together, European and African scientists have developed a pipeline using breeding and genomic tools to improve the orphan crop tef and bring new cultivars to the farmers in Ethiopia. We highlight a new variety, Tesfa, developed in this pipeline and possessing a novel and desirable combination of traits. Tesfa’s recent approval for release illustrates the success of the project and marks a milestone as it is the first variety (of many in the pipeline) to be released. 相似文献
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Summary A simple laboratory method was developed to measure changes in saturated hydraulic conductivity and bulk density as affected by intermittent saturating and draining of soil columns. Significant changes in soil properties were measured after intermittent wetting and draining. Laboratory experiments showed significant changes in bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil samples during drainage period following saturation of initially dried samples. The rate of changes in soil properties during the drainage period was a function of soil type and degree of desaturation. The effect of intermittent application of water in reducing the soil hydraulic conductivity and subsequently the infiltration rate was verified in the field by measuring the changes in soil intake rate during intermittent (Surge-flow) irrigation. 相似文献
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In this study, a pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) isolated from a flock of ornamental pigeons in Poland in 2010 is described. The PPMV-1/Poland/H2/10 isolate showed the amino acid sequence at the cleavage site of F2/F1 112KRQKRF117 i.e. typical of virulent strains. Despite having the monoclonal antibody binding pattern typical of pigeon variants PPMV-1 (antigenic group "P"), the Polish isolate clustered into genetic sublineage 4a, which is usually associated with PMV-1 isolated from poultry. 相似文献