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1.
Context
Landscape graphs are widely used to model connectivity and to support decision-making in conservation planning. Compartmentalization methods applied to such graphs aim to define clusters of highly interconnected patches. Recent studies show that compartmentalization based on modularity is suitable, but it applies to non-weighted graphs whereas most landscape graphs involve weighted nodes and links.Objectives
We propose to adapt modularity computation to weighted landscape graphs and to validate the relevance of the resulting compartments using demographic or genetic data about the patches.Methods
A weighted adjacency matrix was designed to express potential fluxes, associating patch capacities and inter-patch distances. Eight weighting scenarios were compared. The statistical evaluation of each compartmentalization was based on Wilks’ Lambda. These methods were performed on a grassland network where patches are documented by annual densities of water voles in the Jura massif (France).Results
The scenarios in which patch capacity is assigned a small weight led to the more relevant results, giving high modularity values and low Wilks’ Lambda values. When considering a fixed number of compartments, we found a significant negative correlation between these two criteria. Comparison showed that compartments are ecologically more valid than graph components.Conclusions
The method proposed is suitable for designing ecologically functional areas from weighted landscape graphs. Maximum modularity values can serve as a guide for setting the parameters of the adjacency matrix.2.
Uroy Léa Alignier Audrey Mony Cendrine Foltête Jean-Christophe Ernoult Aude 《Landscape Ecology》2021,36(9):2487-2504
Landscape Ecology - Landscape connectivity plays a key role in determining the persistence of species inhabiting fragmented habitat patches. In dynamic landscapes, most studies measure connectivity... 相似文献
3.
Cinta Calvet Jorge Pinochet Amèlia Camprubí Victoria Estaún Rodrigo Rodríguez-Kábana 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(6):601-605
The survival of two species of plant parasitic nematodes: the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus, and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica, was evaluated in saturated atmospheres of 12 natural chemical compounds. The infectivity of two isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices, under identical experimental conditions, was also determined. All the compounds tested exerted a highly significant control against M. javanica and among them, benzaldehyde, salicilaldehyde, borneol, p-anisaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde caused a mortality rate above 50% over P. brachyurus. The infectivity of G. intraradices was inhibited by cinnamaldehyde, salicilaldehyde, thymol, carvacrol, p-anisaldehyde, and benzaldehyde, while only cinnamaldehyde and thymol significantly inhibited mycorrhizal colonization by G. mosseae. 相似文献
4.
5.
Protection of olive planting stocks against parasitism of root-knot nematodes by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
P. Castillo A. I. Nico C. Azcón-Aguilar C. Del Río Rincón C. Calvet R. M. Jiménez-Díaz 《Plant pathology》2006,55(5):705-713
The effects were investigated, under controlled conditions, of single and joint inoculation of olive planting stocks cvs Arbequina and Picual with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus intraradices , Glomus mosseae or Glomus viscosum , and the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica , on plant performance and nematode infection. Establishment of the fungal symbiosis significantly increased growth of olive plants by 88·9% within a range of 11·9–214·0%, irrespective of olive cultivar, plant age and infection by M. incognita or M. javanica . In plants free from AMF, infection by Meloidogyne spp. significantly reduced the plant main stem diameter by 22·8–38·6%, irrespective of cultivar and plant age. Establishment of AMF in olive plants significantly reduced severity of root galling by 6·3–36·8% as well as reproduction of both Meloidogyne spp. by 11·8–35·7%, indicating a protective effect against parasitism by root-knot nematodes. Infection by the nematodes influenced root colonization by AMF, but the net effect depended on the AMF isolate–olive cultivar combination. It is concluded that prior inoculation of olive plants with AMF may contribute to improving the health status and vigour of cvs Arbequina and Picual planting stocks during nursery propagation. 相似文献
6.
酸化剂对杜长大商品猪生产性能的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
为探索酸化剂对杜长大系列商品猪生产性能的影响,将40头4周龄体重相近的杜长大(或杜大长)断奶仔猪随机分为4组(即对照组、添加酸化剂BGIFEX001组、添加酸化剂BGIFEX002组、添加酸化剂BGIFEX003组),每组10头(母猪和阉公猪各半),测定4周龄至90kg体重时的生长性能,并测定达90kg屠宰体重时的胴体性能及肉质性能。结果显示,BGIFEX001和BGIFEX002组有改善日增重和料重比的趋势,4~10周龄阶段料重比分别比对照组降低9.88%和8.70%,全期料重比分别降低5.19%和4.81%;各处理组未对屠宰和胴体性能产生显著影响;肉质测定结果显示酸化剂有显著改善肉的红度(a)和拿破率的效应(P<0.05),各处理间肉质常规参数和风味前体物质(脂肪酸和氨基酸)含量无显著差异。总体数据提示酸化剂BGIFEX001和BGIFEX002可在一定程度上改善杜长大商品猪的生长性能和肉品质量。 相似文献
7.
8.
Ammonium oxidation coupled to dissimilatory reduction of iron under anaerobic conditions in wetland soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jean-Christophe Clément Junu Shrestha Peter R. Jaffé 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(12):2323-2328
In exploring the dynamics of iron and nitrogen cycling in sediments from riparian forests we have observed a redox reaction that has not been previously described. During incubations of soil slurries under strictly anaerobic conditions, we repeatedly measured an unexpected production of both nitrite () and ferrous iron [Fe(II)]. Using this indirect evidence we hypothesize that, under anaerobic conditions, there is a biological process that uses ferric iron [Fe(III)] as an electron acceptor while oxidizing ammonium () to for energy production. This oxidation under iron reducing anaerobic conditions is thermodynamically feasible and is potentially a critical component of the N cycle in saturated sediments. 相似文献
9.
Outeiro TF Kontopoulos E Altmann SM Kufareva I Strathearn KE Amore AM Volk CB Maxwell MM Rochet JC McLean PJ Young AB Abagyan R Feany MB Hyman BT Kazantsev AG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5837):516-519
The sirtuins are members of the histone deacetylase family of proteins that participate in a variety of cellular functions and play a role in aging. We identified a potent inhibitor of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and found that inhibition of SIRT2 rescued alpha-synuclein toxicity and modified inclusion morphology in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Genetic inhibition of SIRT2 via small interfering RNA similarly rescued alpha-synuclein toxicity. Furthermore, the inhibitors protected against dopaminergic cell death both in vitro and in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. The results suggest a link between neurodegeneration and aging. 相似文献
10.
da Silva Ferreira AC Barbe JC Bertrand A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(9):2560-2564
In Port wine, isomers of glycerol and acetaldehyde acetals have been found at total contents ranging from 9.4 to 175.3 mg/L. During oxidative aging, the concentrations of the 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-dioxane and 4-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane isomers increased with time showing a linear correlation (r > 0.95). The flavor threshold for the mixture of the four isomers was evaluated in wine at 100 mg/L. Thus, it is expected that they contribute to "old Port wine" aroma in wines older than 30 years. Experiments with model solutions and wine clearly demonstrated that SO(2) combines with acetaldehyde and blocks the acetalization reaction. 相似文献