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排序方式: 共有352条查询结果,搜索用时 19 毫秒
1.
ABSTRACT This study deals with the influence of electron beam irradiation (EBI) on the wettability of Norway spruce surface samples. To evaluate this possible effect in detail, the changes in chemistry and wood structure were analysed using the methods of IR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The surface wettability was determined by the contact angle measurement method. The results of infrared spectra show decreased relative numbers of available hydrophilic groups (e.g. hydroxyl and carbonyl groups) in the wood surfaces due to the electron beam irradiation. This behaviour is consistent with the values from the surface wettability measurements. Structural differences of the wood surfaces after electron beam irradiation were not detectable. Based on these findings pre-treatment of wood surfaces for industrial usages can be a potential field of application of this technology. 相似文献
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Summary Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of specific alleles (PASA) was adapted as a molecular marker‐based method for the rapid detection of point mutations in Amaranthus retroflexus and Amaranthus rudis leading to ALS inhibitor resistance. Two pairs of primers were designed for the specific amplification of alleles of the ALS gene of susceptible and resistant biotypes. The allele‐specific primer matched the desired allele, but mismatched the different allele at its 3′ end. Differentiation was carried out by comparison of the amplified DNA fragments in gel electrophoresis after PASA‐PCR. In A. rudis, differentiation was possible with one PCR and genomic DNA as probe. A ‘nested’ PCR was necessary for the differentiation of sensitive and resistant A. retroflexus. PASA is useful for the identification of resistant weed biotypes and also as a monitoring tool to map resistance occurrence and distribution. Advantages include the fast and clear separation of those plants with and without mutations at an early stage of development, its easy and consistent performance and quick results compared with existing resistance detection tests. These advantages, when combined with management strategies, enable further activities to reduce herbicide resistance. 相似文献
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G. F. Difford D. W. Olijhoek A. L. F. Hellwing P. Lund M. A. Bjerring Y. de Haas 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2018,68(1):25-32
This study assessed the ranking of dairy cows using individual-level correlations for methane (CH4) emission on-farm using sniffers and in respiration chambers. In total 20 lactating dairy cows, ten Holstein and ten Jerseys were recorded using sniffers installed in milking robots for three weeks of lactation and subsequently in respiration chambers (RC) where they were each recorded on three occasions within the RC. Bivariate linear mixed models were used to determine the individual-level correlations (rI) between sniffer and RC phenotypes as proxies for genetic correlations. Despite differences in feeding and management, the predicted CH4 production from sniffers correlated highly with RC CH4 production rI?=?0.77?±?0.18 and CH4 breath concentration correlated nearly as well with RC CH4 production rI?=?0.75?±?0.20. These correlations between sniffers on-farm and RC demonstrate the potential of sniffers measurements as large-scale indicator traits for CH4 emissions in dairy cattle. 相似文献
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Doris Van Der Krol Ingolf Schuphan Brigitte Thiede Burkhard Schmidt 《Pest management science》1995,45(2):143-152
By means of standardized procedures, the metabolism of [ring-2,6-14C]-parathion was investigated in carrot (Daucus carota L.), purple foxglove (Digitalis purpurea L.), soybean (Glycine max Merrill cv. ?Mandarin’?, and Glycine max Merrill cv. ?Harosoy 63’? cultivated on B5 and Miller media, respectively), thorn apple (Datura stramonium L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cell suspension cultures. In the wheat and soybean (Mandarin) cells only 2.9 and 8.9%, respectively, of the applied parthion remained unmetabolized after 48 h of incubation, while 51.2, 57.9, 60.3, and 62.4% of the unchanged parent were detected in the D. purpurea, D. Stramonium, carrot and soybean (Harosoy) cultures, respectively. In all suspensions, paraoxon and 4-nitrophenol were found as phase I metabolites, thus demonstrating that plant tissues can catalyse oxidative desulfuration and dearylation of parathion. 4-Nitrophenol was also glycosylated with glucose and possibly galactose. Further, as yet unidentified, metabolites indicated that bio-transformations had also occurred at the aromatic moiety. Large amounts of non-extractable residues were detected in the wheat suspension (38.3%), while the other cultures showed a lower incorporation of 14C into insoluble cell material (0.9-9.4%). For a prospective ecotoxicological evaluation of the metabolic fate of pesticides and xenobiotics in plants in general, the differential metabolic capacity of plant cell cultures and plants should be taken into account. 相似文献
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In the last two to three decades a significant increase of viral zoonotic infections was observed. These zoonoses are not only newly (or previously unrecognized) emerging diseases, but also due to the reappearance of diseases thought to have been defeated (re-emerging diseases). "New" viral diseases can arise when viruses broaden their host-range (monkey poxvirus; equine morbillivirus), or can be a consequence of intrinsic properties of the virus itself, such as high mutation rates (influenza A virus). Most new or reemerging viral zoonoses are due to infections with hemorrhagic viruses. Many of them are transmitted by insects (arboviruses, e.g. yellow fever virus) or by rodents (e.g. Hanta viruses), others by contact with patients and nosocomial infections (e.g. Ebola virus). The emergence and increase of these diseases are a consequence of anthropogenic environmental changes, such as distortions of the ecological balance and changes in agriculture. In addition, the uncontrolled growth of the cities in tropical and subtropical regions without improvement of the public health measures and the increasing international animal trade and travel also favour the spread and recurrence of these diseases. 相似文献
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Kessel GJ de Haas BH Lombaers-van der Plas CH Meijer EM Dewey FM Goudriaan J van der Werf W Köhl J 《Phytopathology》1999,89(10):868-876
ABSTRACT A technique was developed to localize and quantify the internal mycelial colonization of necrotic leaf tissue of cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum) or lily (Lilium) by pathogenic Botrytis spp. and the antagonist Ulocladium atrum. This technique allows investigation of competitive substrate colonization by both fungi, which is a key process for biological control of Botrytis spp. by U. atrum. A combination of differential fluorescent labeling and image analysis was applied on cryostat sections of necrotic leaf tissue. Botrytis mycelium was labeled specifically by indirect immunofluorescence using a monoclonal antibody specific for Botrytis spp. And an antimouse fluorescein conjugate. Wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to the fluorochrome TRITC was used to label mycelium of both fungi. Image analysis was used to measure the relative surface area of the cryostat section covered by fluorescing hyphae of Botrytis spp. and by fluorescing hyphae of both fungi. A mathematical conversion was derived and used to calculate the relative mycelial volume of each fungal species in the necrotic tissue based on the measured relative surface areas. Temporal aspects of substrate colonization were studied in a short time series. An analysis of components of variance provided insight into spatial colonization patterns for the fungal species involved and allowed the design of efficient sampling strategies for future experiments. 相似文献
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