生物覆盖对旱地苹果树生长结果的影响

为了解决边山丘陵果园土壤干旱缺水、有机质含量低及产量不高的问题 ,改革传统的果园土壤清耕管理制度 ,我们借助山西省有机旱作农业生物覆盖推广的机会 ,于 1 996～ 1 999年在旱地果园进行了生物覆盖试验 ,取得很好的效果。1　试材与方法试验在汾阳市张家堡乡河堤苹果园进行 ,该地无霜期 1 80天左右 ,年平均降雨量460 mm,年平均气温 7.5℃ ,大于 1 0℃的积温2 835℃左右。供试果园海拔高度 860 m左右 ,为旱垣丘陵梯田 ,主栽品种是红富士、红星、首红、金矮生等 ,树龄 1 0～ 1 5年 ,秸秆覆盖处理2 0 hm2 ,清耕 1 3hm2作对照 ,对照每年除中耕…     

收晒干草的学问

1适时 　　“伏天草,冬春宝,味香甜,营养高”.据笔者80年代草场调查测定:草拔节时粗蛋白质含量26.2%,开花时14.4%,结籽时则7.2%.草一般在7～8月拔节或开花,所以,在夏天秋初收取的干草,即有数量,又保质量. 　　2巧晒 　　要把鲜草平铺,暴晒4～5小时,使草的水分迅速蒸发,然后采用小堆或小垅晒,逐渐干燥.待草内水分降至4%～17%时,即堆垛保存,将草用手抖动,听到“沙沙”声、“折而不断,堆而不折”为干燥火候,水分超过20%易烂. 　　3防淋 　　经雨露淋的干草,有机物营养损失65%以上.因此,要堆好垛,四周挖沟排水,上面加盖. 　　……     

牛羊饲喂尿素口诀

牛羊饲喂尿素好,简便易行省饲料.严格把关莫马虎,饲喂方法须记牢:一要掌握日喂量,百斤体重十克好,牛喂五十羊十克,超量中毒不得了;二是一天喂三次,拌入精料投入槽,喂后一时再饮水,促使胃内发好酵;第三饲喂应注意,不要用其喂犊羔,犊羔瘤胃不健全,饲喂致病后果糟.饲喂尿素法得当,本小利大效益高.     

Effects of Acid rain on freshwater ecosystems

Acid-vulnerable areas are more numerous and widespread than believed 7 years ago. Lakes and streams in acid-vulnerable areas of northeastern North America have suffered substantial declines in acid-neutralizing capacity, the worst cases resulting in biological damage. Many invertebrates are very sensitive to acidification, with some disappearing at pH values as high as 6.0. However, the recent rate of acidification of lakes is slower than once predicted, in part the result of decreases in sulfur oxide emissions. A discussion of some of the processes that have contributed to the acidification of lakes as well as those that have protected acid-sensitive freshwaters is presented. The author is in the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6, Canada.     

Feline Leprosy: A Review of Forty-four Cases from Western Canada

Forty-four files of cats diagnosed as having feline leprosy were reviewed. All except one were from along the Pacific coast in the Province of British Columbia. The majority of cats were between one and three years of age and there was an increase in the number of diagnosis during the winter months.

Two types of granulomatous responses similar to the tuberculoid and lepromatous phases of human leprosy were recognized. In spite of the overall similarities in the cellular response to human leprosy there were, however, significant differences such as areas of caseous necrosis and constant lack of nerve involvement. Still as there is presently no way to prove that Mycobacterium leprae is not the cause of feline leprosy the public health significance remains uncertain

The treatment of choice would appear to be surgical removal.

     

A Homoeotic Mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana with Leafy Cotyledons

Cotyledons are specialized leaves produced during plant embryogenesis. Cotyledons and leaves typically differ in morphology, ultrastructure, and patterns of gene expression. The leafy cotyledon (Iec) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana fails to maintain this distinction between embryonic and vegetative patterns of plant development. Mutant embryos are phenotypically abnormal, occasionally viviparous, and intolerant of desiccation. Mutant cotyledons produce trichomes characteristic of leaves, lack embryo-specific protein bodies, and exhibit a vascular pattern intermediate between that of leaves and cotyledons. These results suggest that lec cotyledons are partially transformed into leaves and that the wild-type gene (LEC) functions to activate a wide range of embryo-specific pathways in higher plants.     

The agriculture grants program

The Competitive Research Grants Office was established in 1978 by the federal government to encourage and support basic research related to agriculture. The effort has been enfeebled by controversy and continues to teeter on the edge of congressional extinction. The origins of the Competitive Research Grants Office and its first 3 years of operation make an interesting portrait of the problems of science and government in these times.     

Suspected panosteitis in a camel

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 6-month-old male Bactrian camel was examined because of a 3-week history of lameness of the left hind limb. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Lameness was initially detected in the left hind limb but resolved and was detected in the right hind limb during treatment. Lameness increased during periods of rapid growth. Radiography revealed multiple small opacities of the medullary cavity of several long bones throughout treatment. Core bone biopsies of lesions in the tibiae revealed lamellar bone with areas of loose connective tissue, osteoblasts in the medullary cavity, and periosteal new bone formation, all which were consistent with panosteitis. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Palliative treatment was attempted with epidural and transdermal administration of analgesics. Flunixin meglumine was administered PO, which coincided with an abrupt increase in serum creatinine concentration. Performance of multiple diagnostic bone biopsies led to remission of clinical signs of pain. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Panosteitis should be a differential diagnosis for shifting limb lameness in young camels. Bone biopsies can be useful for diagnosis of panosteitis and possible relief of pain associated with the disease. Bactrian camels may be susceptible to the renal toxicity of flunixin meglumine, especially when dehydrated.