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1.
Biofilm bacteria: formation and comparative susceptibility to antibiotics 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17 下载免费PDF全文
Merle E. Olson Howard Ceri Douglas W. Morck Andre G. Buret Ronald R. Read 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2002,66(2):86-92
The Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD) was used to form bacterial biofilms of selected veterinary gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria from cattle, sheep, pigs, chicken, and turkeys. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of ampicillin, ceftiofur, cloxacillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin G, streptomycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tilmicosin, and trimethoprim-sulfadoxine for gram-positive and -negative bacteria were determined. Bacterial biofilms were readily formed on the CBD under selected conditions. The biofilms consisted of microcolonies encased in extracellular polysaccharide material. Biofilms composed of Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Corynebacterium renale, or Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were not killed by the antibiotics tested but as planktonic bacteria they were sensitive at low concentrations. Biofilm and planktonic Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus suis were sensitive to penicillin, ceftiofur, cloxacillin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline. Planktonic Escherichia coli were sensitive to enrofloxacin, gentamicin, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim/ sulfadoxine. Enrofloxacin and gentamicin were the most effective antibiotics against E. coli growing as a biofilm. Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates growing as planktonic populations were sensitive to enrofloxacin, gentamicin, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfadoxine, but as a biofilm, these bacteria were only sensitive to enrofloxacin. Planktonic and biofilm Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica had similar antibiotic sensitivity profiles and were sensitive to most of the antibiotics tested. The CBD provides a valuable new technology that can be used to select antibiotics that are able to kill bacteria growing as biofilms. 相似文献
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Hardwick Laura J. A. Kortum Andre J. Constantino-Casas Fernando Watson Penny J. 《Veterinary research communications》2021,45(1):21-30
Veterinary Research Communications - Cellular senescence is a molecular hallmark of ageing that is associated with multiple pathologies, and DNA damage marker γH2AX, together with cell cycle... 相似文献
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Mammalian parental investment (i.e. care of descendant offspring) is largely biased towards maternal contributions due to the specific feeding needs of mammalian offspring; however, varying degrees of paternal investment have been reported in about 10% of all mammalian species. Within the order Carnivora, paternal contribution to rearing offspring is particularly high: an estimated 32% of all studied carnivore species exhibit direct paternal care. Despite the prominence of paternal investment in carnivores, the endocrine basis of this behaviour is not well understood. This review examines the current – highly constrained – state of knowledge about the endocrine basis of carnivore paternal investment. We attempt to link changes in androgen and glucocorticoid levels with variation in direct and indirect paternal care behaviour making specific predictions regarding the way forward. Well-studied species, such as bat-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis), dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvula) and meerkats (Suricata suricatta), where social dynamics are relatively well understood, can act as ideal model systems through which we may further investigate the endocrine basis of paternal investment in carnivores. 相似文献
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Monicah Mucheru-Muna Daniel Mugendi James Kung’u Jayne Mugwe Andre Bationo 《Agroforestry Systems》2007,69(3):189-197
Soil nutrient depletion as a result of continuous cultivation of soils without adequate addition of external inputs is a major
challenge in the highlands of Kenya. An experiment was set up in Meru South District, Kenya in 2000 to investigate the effects
of different soil-incorporated organic (manure, Tithonia diversifolia, Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena leucocephala) and mineral fertilizer inputs on maize yield, and soil chemical properties over seven seasons. On average, tithonia treatments
(with or without half recommended rate of mineral fertilizer) gave the highest grain yield (5.5 and 5.4 Mg ha−1 respectively) while the control treatment gave the lowest yield (1.5 Mg ha−1). After 2 years of trial implementation, total soil carbon and nitrogen contents were improved with the application of organic
residues, and manure in particular improved soil calcium content. Results of the economic analysis indicated that on average
across the seven seasons, tithonia with half recommended rate of mineral fertilizer treatment recorded the highest net benefit
(USD 787 ha−1) while the control recorded the lowest (USD 272 ha−1). However, returns to labor or benefit-cost ratios were in most cases not significantly improved when organic materials were
used. 相似文献
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Sophie St-Hilaire Derek Price Shawna Taylor David Groman 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2015,56(8):876-878
Rainbow trout (average weight of 2 g) in fresh water experienced high mortality and were infected with a diplomonad intestinal parasite. Tanks of fish experienced an immediate reduction in mortality after an in-feed treatment with 3% Epsom salts for 2 d. Treatments had to be applied several times, but in each case there was a similar reduction in mortality. 相似文献
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Gastao Viegas de Pinho Ju nior Andre R Terra Nascimento Barbara Tahara Valverde Lucas H Clemente 《林业研究》2015,(3)
In this paper we analyze and compare natural regeneration in shrub-tree community in three areas below Pinus caribaea stands and a natural area (cerrado sensu stricto). We also analyze the influence of... 相似文献