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1.
Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, India, during the wet seasons of 1992 and 1993 to study the effect of full and partial substitution of fertiliser N with green manure N (Sesbania rostrata) on nitrogen uptake, yield attributes and yield of rice. The experiment consisted of eight treatments with two levels of N (100 and 200 kg ha−1 ) and three sources of N application viz., fertilizer, integrated (1:1 fertilizer and green manure N) and green manure N compared to the recommended practice (150 kg fertilizer plus 6.25 t ha−1 (72 kg N) green manure) and a no N control. Nitrogen application markedly increased the N uptake. Combined use of the two N sources at 200 and 222 kg N ha−1 and of single fertilizer N at 200 kg N ha−1 recorded the maximum N uptake, increased the yield attributes such as number of panicles per unit area, weight per panicle, number of total and filled grains per panicle and test weight. At 200 kg N ha−1 full substitution of N by green manure reduced the grain yield but only partial substitution of N by green manure resulted in almost similar yield as single fertilizer N. Thus 200 kg N ha−1 applied in equal proportions of fertilizer and green manure N can be recommended for medium duration rice cultivars. 相似文献
2.
M. Madhavan V. S. Shanmugasundaram Sp. Palaniappan 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1986,157(1):43-51
A field experiment was conducted during khariff 1984 in sandy clay loam soil under irrigated condition at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, with a view (i) to find out the possibility of introducing short duration dwarf variety of sorghum CO 22 as an intercrop with pigeonpea genotypes, (ii) to study the effect of different plant population levels and intercropping of sorghum CO 22 on pigeonpea genotypes, and (iii) to find out compatible pigeonpea genotypes and plant population level for pigeonpea based intercropping system with sorghum CO 22.
It was observed that increased plant density significantly increased the dry matter production, leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) during early stages and reduced the net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR) and CCR during later part of the growth. Intercropping of sorghum CO 22 significantly reduced the dry matter production LAI, CGR, NAR and RGR. Plants in the intercropped stands recorded higher CGR, NAR and RGR during later part of the growth. Among pigeonpea genotypes CO 5 was much affected due to intercropping with sorghum CO 22. 相似文献
It was observed that increased plant density significantly increased the dry matter production, leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) during early stages and reduced the net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR) and CCR during later part of the growth. Intercropping of sorghum CO 22 significantly reduced the dry matter production LAI, CGR, NAR and RGR. Plants in the intercropped stands recorded higher CGR, NAR and RGR during later part of the growth. Among pigeonpea genotypes CO 5 was much affected due to intercropping with sorghum CO 22. 相似文献
3.
Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of application of new organic manures and an hydrophilic polymer in combination with fertilizer application and Azospirillum inoculation on soil moisture content, growth and yield of rainfed sorghum. Application of enriched farm yard manure with urea mixed either 24 hours before sowing or at the time of sowing produced the highest LAI, DMP and grain yield. High soil moisture content was noticed due to incorporation of coir compost. Split application of nitrogen and Azospirillum inoculation besides increasing the LAI and DMP gave 15.2 per cent and 14.5 per cent increase in yield respectively. 相似文献
4.
Pitchai Palaniappan Puneet Singh Chauhan Venkatakrishnan Sivaraj Saravanan Rangasamy Anandham Tongmin Sa 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(8):807-816
Thirty-nine endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from the nodule of Lespedeza sp. grown in two different locations of South Korea. All strains were checked for their plant growth promoting (PGP) abilities under in vitro conditions. Most of the isolates showed multiple PGP activity, i.e., indole acetic acid production, ACC deaminase activity, siderophore production, and phosphate solubilization. The strains were identified by using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as belonging to Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes phylum with nine different genera Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, Dyella, Methylobacterium, Microbacterium, Rhizobium, and Staphylococcus. Gene nodA amplification showed positive results only for strains from Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium genera. The strains from Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium genera enhanced plant growth, nodulation, and acetylene reduction activity when inoculated on Vigna unguiculata L. (cowpea), whereas other strains did not induce nodule formation but enhanced plant growth. Herbaceous legume Lespedeza sp. formed root nodules with diverse bacterial group, and probably, these bacteria can be used for stimulating plant growth. 相似文献
5.
Tracer studies using 32 P labelled superphosphate and rock phosphate were conducted in microplots in a field experiment on rice-rice-greengram cropping system. The trial revealed that in all the rice crops studied, P uptake and P use efficiency were higher in superphosphate treated plots than in rock phosphate applied ones. P uptake was improved with organic manuring through application of green manure or crop residues like long rice stubbles. While superphosphate performed well either with or without organic manuring, rock phosphate performed fairly well only with organic manuring. Fairly good P use efficiency could be obtained in the system when green manuring and rock phosphate application in the first crop was followed by superphosphate and long stubble incorporation in the second crop. Apparent recovery values also showed nearly the same results. But tracer studies were found to be definitely superior in the evaluation of fertilizers. 相似文献
6.
The farmers of tropical Asia are applying neem leaves to rice fields as green manure traditionally. Neem cake blending of urea is recommended for inhibition of nitrification and increasing nitrogen use efficiency. Field experiment conducted at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, during kharif and rabi seasons in 1984–85 with a short duration (105 days) rice cv. IR 50 showed that application of fresh neem leaf at 5 t/ha or dry neem leaf 1.25 t/ha with urea resulted in higher N recovery per cent and N response ratio and gave increased grain yield compared to the yield obtained due to the application of urea alone. Besides increasing the grain yield, neem leaf application could save about 50 per cent N application and give greater net returns to the farmer. 相似文献
7.
S. P. Palaniappan P. Sudhi Sreedhar P. Loganathan J. Thomas 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1997,25(3):279-284
Interstrain competitiveness is a key factor affecting the performance of rhizobium inoculant. In the present study five native
strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, namely SSF 4, SSF 5, SSF 6, SSF 7 and SSF 8, were assessed for their competitiveness in nodulating soybean using serological
methods. The strains were inoculated individually or with the type strain USDA 110 at a 1:1 ratio. Nodule occupancy determined
by immunofluorescence and dot immunoblot assay revealed that under in vitro conditions SSF 8 is more competitive than USDA 110
whereas the others were less competitive. The competitive ability of these strains was also estimated in pot culture in the
field. In red soil both SSF 8 and USDA 110 were equally competitive whereas in black soil SSF 8 competed better than USDA 110
and produced more nodules. In a black soil field trial using a randomized block design, USDA 110 or SSF 8, when inoculated
alone, occupied the majority of the nodules and enhanced nodule dry weight and shoot biomass. SSF 8 was more competitive when
the strains were co-inoculated.
Received: 1 November 1996 相似文献
8.
Baskaralingam Vaseeharan Manju Sivalingam Ramasamy Palaniappan 《Aquaculture Research》2013,45(1):97-105
This study focuses on the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) from medicinal plants against Pseudomonas sp isolated from aquatic environments, and proves its controlling efficacy on Pseudomonas aeruginosa‐Dahp1 using Confocal Laser scanning Microscopy. Twenty‐seven Pseudomonas spp. (Ps 1–Ps 27) were isolated using King's B medium and the selected P. aeruginosa‐Dahp1 was confirmed using 16S r‐DNA methods. Antimicrobial activity of 10 EOs was determined using agar well and disc diffusion methods. Ten EOs were extracted with six solvents and the crude extracts were tested against the Pseudomonas spp. through disc diffusion method. Among 10 EOs tested, maximum inhibitory activity was noted in EOs of Wringtia tinctoria against the P. aeruginosa‐Dahp1 in the disc diffusion method. The MIC values (concentrations were expressed in Weight/Volume) of the EOs range from 0.5 to 9.054 mg mL?1. The EO of W. tinctoria showed the maximum activity at the concentration (w/v) of 2.060 mg mL?1. The EO of W. tinctoria with chloroform extract showed the maximum inhibition against P. aeruginosa‐Dahp1. The CLSM proves the control and viability of 1 × 105 CFU mL?1 of P. aeruginosa‐Dahp1 at a lower concentration (2.720 mg) of EOs with chloroform extracts of W. tinctoria. This study pivots for designing of new drugs using EOs of W. tinctoria against Pseudomonades in the aquaculture sites. 相似文献
9.
Janarthanan S Suresh P Radke G Morgan TD Oppert B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(5):1676-1682
A partially purified protein fraction was isolated from seed flour of the Indian wild bean, Lablab purpureus, by ion exchange and size-exclusion chromatographies. Partially purified L. purpureus proteins had hemagglutination and glycoslyation properties similar to those of lectins or lectin-like proteins from other pulses. Data obtained from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, MALDI-TOF, and MALDI-TOF/TOF and N-terminal protein sequencing of the isolated polypeptides from L. purpureus demonstrated that the extract contained proteins similar to isoforms of arcelins 3 and 4 and pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PvPR1) of Phaseolus vulgaris. L. purpureus proteins were resistant to degradation by the commercial enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin and were moderately resistant to pepsin, but were readily hydrolyzed to smaller peptides by papain. Insect feeding bioassays of the extract with the storage pests Rhyzopertha dominica and Oryzaephilus surinamensis, internal and external feeders of grain, respectively, demonstrated that L. purpureus proteins at 2% in the diet resulted in retarded development. However, a 5% dose of the L. purpureus fraction resulted in complete mortality of all larvae in both species. This study has demonstrated that proteins in the partially purified L. purpureus extract have the potential to control storage pests in cereals transformed with L. purpureus defense-related genes, but the need for more studies regarding efficacy and safety is discussed. 相似文献
10.
S. V. Ramu Sp. Palaniappan Rm. Panchanathan 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1991,166(4):273-277
Field studies were carried out at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, during summer 1988 to find out the effect of moisture stress of growth indices and dry matter accumulation of sorghum (cv. CO 26 ) at three phenophases. Crop under adequate moisture supply, throughout, exhibited greater crop growth rate (CGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) compared to the crop under moisture stress condition. Growth indices were at lesser rate when the crop experienced moisture stress during phenophase I, and subsequently picked up during phenophase II due to adequate moisture supply to the crop. This reflects the ability of sorghum crop to recover from the effects of early moisture stress at later stages. The dry-matter accumulation in the stem was favoured by adequate moisture while in the leaves it was favoured by moisture stress. 相似文献