Recent advances in molecular marker techniques: Insight into QTL mapping,GWAS and genomic selection in plants

Recent advances in sequencing technology have brought several novel platforms for marker development and subsequent genotyping. The high-throughput and cost effective marker techniques have changed the entire scenario of marker applications. The huge genotypic data obtained with next generation sequencing (NGS) also demands analytical tools, statistical advances, and comprehensive understanding to cope with breeding applications. In the present review, we discussed different available marker techniques, their strengths, and limitations. Emphasis was given on software tools, analytical pipelines, workbenches, and online resources available for marker development. Comparison of SNP genotyping involving complexity reduction techniques like GBS, RRL, RAD, and array-based platforms were presented in a view to describe suitability for specific purposes. We found that genotyping by whole genome re-sequencing has great potential, and could be a routine application in the near future with continuously decreasing cost of sequencing. Microsatellites, still a valuable option for breeders, have also advanced with NGS. Here a catalogue of tools for microsatellite evaluation in short sequence reads was provided. The most common applications of molecular marker like QTL mapping, genome-wide association mapping (GWAS), and genomic selection were highlighted. The present review will be helpful for the effective utilization of available resources and for the planning of crop improvement programs employing molecular marker techniques.     

Molecular mapping of black rot resistance locus Xca1bo on chromosome 3 in Indian cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)

Black rot is the most devastating disease of cauliflower worldwide causing severe damage to crop. The identification of markers linked to loci that control resistance can facilitate selection of plants for breeding programmes. In the present investigation, F₂ population derived from a cross between ‘Pusa Himjyoti’, a susceptible genotype, and ‘BR‐161’, a resistant genotype, was phenotyped by artificial inoculation using Xcc race 1. Segregation analysis of F₂ progeny indicated that a single dominant locus governed resistance to Xcc race 1 in ‘BR‐161’. Bulk segregant analysis in resistant and susceptible bulks of F₂ progeny revealed seven differentiating polymorphic markers (three RAPD, two ISSR and two SSR) of 102 markers screened. Subsequently, these markers were used to genotype the entire F₂ population, and a genetic linkage map covering 74.7 cM distance was developed. The major locus Xca1bo was mapped in 1.6‐cM interval flanked by the markers RAPD 04₈₃₃ and ISSR 11₆₃₅. The Xca1bo locus was located on chromosome 3. The linked markers will be useful for marker‐assisted resistance breeding in cauliflower.     

水稻产量及其相关性状的数量性状位点(QTL)鉴定(英文)

由于大部分水稻育种的最终目标是获得高产、稳产,因此对于育种工作者来说．水稻产量及其构成因素 是重要的性状。在大田试验中,采用随机区组设计,设两个重复,对CT9993-5-10-1-M × IR62266-42-6-2杂交而得 的144份水稻品系DH群体的产量及其主要农艺性状的数量性状位点(QTLs)进行定位。采用MAPMAKER/QTL 1．1软件进行区间定位并估计每个QTL的表型方差的百分比,以LOD阈值>2．4来确定一个QTL的有无.试验鉴 定出与6个水稻农艺性状如千粒重、单株产量、株高、穗长、粒宽、粒长宽比有关的23个QTLs,这些QTLs将有助于 提高水稻产量,并有利于了解水稻产量性状的遗传调控.