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排序方式: 共有101条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Dalia Aiello Giuseppe Scuderi Alessandro Vitale Giuseppe Firrao Giancarlo Polizzi Gabriella Cirvilleri 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,137(1):29-41
Pith necrosis is a common disease of tomato in Europe, mainly caused by Pseudomonas corrugata and other soil-borne species of Pseudomonas. During 2011–2012 a survey was conducted in soil-grown tomato crops in southeastern Sicily (Italy). Plants showed pith necrosis, brown discolouration of the vascular tissues, leaf chlorosis and sometimes wilting of leaves. Thirty bacterial isolates from symptomatic tissues, forming colonies on NA and KB, were identified by morphological, biochemical and physiological tests. Among them, seven isolates were analyzed for their 16S rDNA and 16S–23S spacer region sequence that resulted in 99 % identity to that of the Xanthomonas perforans type strain (GenBank accession number GQ46173over 2.085 bp.). Additional sequences of fusA, gapA, gltA, gyrB, lacF, and lepA from one selected isolate were 100% identical to sequences of the Xanthomonas perforans type strain. X. perforans local isolates showed similar genomic patterns with REP-PCR and fAFLP, and were clearly distinguished from other Xanthomonas spp. type strains. In stem-inoculation assays, bacteria isolated from symptomatic tomato plants identified as P. fluorescens, P. putida, P. marginalis, P. citronellolis, P. straminea, and Pantoea agglomerans induced discolouration of vascular tissues, while Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum isolates induced soft rot. Conversely, the isolates here identified as Xanthomonas perforans were able to induce pith necrosis, vascular discolouration, longitudinal splits and external lesions on stems. This report of X. perforans causing pith necrosis on tomato represents a potentially serious problem that may limit the productivity of tomato crops. 相似文献
2.
The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the aerial parts of Cirsium tenoreanum, have been evaluated for their phytochemical constituents and antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. Three flavonoids, apigenin, quercetin-3-O-galactoside and kaempferol-3-O-ramnoside, were isolated. The ethyl acetate extract showed a good antiproliferative activity. 相似文献
3.
Charles R. Sweet Giancarlo M. Alpuche Corinne A. Landis Benjamin C. Sandman 《Marine drugs》2014,12(7):4126-4147
Lipid A is the essential component of endotoxin (Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide), a potent immunostimulatory compound. As the outer surface of the outer membrane, the details of lipid A structure are crucial not only to bacterial pathogenesis but also to membrane integrity. This work characterizes the structure of lipid A in two psychrophiles, Psychromonas marina and Psychrobacter cryohalolentis, and also two mesophiles to which they are related using MALDI-TOF MS and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) GC-MS. P. marina lipid A is strikingly similar to that of Escherichia coli in organization and total acyl size, but incorporates an unusual doubly unsaturated tetradecadienoyl acyl residue. P. cryohalolentis also shows structural organization similar to a closely related mesophile, Acinetobacter baumannii, however it has generally shorter acyl constituents and shows many acyl variants differing by single methylene (-CH2-) units, a characteristic it shares with the one previously reported psychrotolerant lipid A structure. This work is the first detailed structural characterization of lipid A from an obligate psychrophile and the second from a psychrotolerant species. It reveals distinctive structural features of psychrophilic lipid A in comparison to that of related mesophiles which suggest constitutive adaptations to maintain outer membrane fluidity in cold environments. 相似文献
4.
Antonio Bottalico Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(7):611-624
The Fusarium species predominantly found associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and other small-grain cereals all over Europe are F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. culmorum. Among the less frequently encountered species are several others which are less pathogenic or opportunistic, but also toxigenic. These include F. poae, F. cerealis
F. equiseti
F. sporotrichioides
F. tricinctum and, to a lesser extent, F. acuminatum
F. subglutinans
F. solani
F. oxysporum
F. verticillioides
F. semitectum and F. proliferatum. The species profile of FHB is due to several factors, primarily climatic conditions, particularly rain and the temperature at flowering stage, but also agronomic factors, such as soil cultivation, nitrogen fertilization, fungicides, crop rotation, and host genotype. The most frequently encountered Fusarium mycotoxins in FHB in Europe has proved to be deoxynivalenol and zearalenone produced by F. graminearum and F. culmorum with the former more common in southern (warmer) and the latter in northern (colder) European areas. Nivalenol was usually found associated with deoxynivalenol and its derivatives (mono-acetyldeoxynivalenols), together with fusarenone-X, formed by F. graminearum
F. cerealis
F. culmorum and, in northern areas, by F. poae. Moreover, from central to northern European countries, moniliformin has been consistently reported, as a consequence of the widespread distribution of F. avenaceum whereas the occurrence of T-2 toxin derivatives, such as T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin, and diacetoxyscirpenol have been recorded in conjunction with sporadic epidemics of F. sporotrichioides and F. poae. Finally, beauvericin and various enniatins have recently been found in Finnish wheat colonized by F.avenaceum and F. poae. 相似文献
5.
Cocchi M Franchini G Manzini D Manfredini M Marchetti A Ulrici A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(13):4047-4056
A comparison of different digestion procedures has been carried out for the analysis of metal concentration in samples of vinegars and Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale of Modena (ABTM) coming from an unique barrel set. In particular, classical wet, dry ashing, and closed vessel microwave digestion procedure have been utilized and compared for each investigated species. In a few cases, direct metal determination on ABTM (without treatment procedure) is proposed as possible alternative to sample manipulation. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used for the quantification of iron and zinc, while graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used for all the other elements (i.e., chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, cadmium, and lead). The comparison among the different sample treatments was carried out by the use of statistical and chemometric tools. In particular, principal component analysis and ANOVA approaches were used to discriminate between the diverse analytical methods. Furthermore, for all the dissolving techniques, the analytical metal recovery was always evaluated by the application of the recovery function on the same sample matrix. In general, the recoveries were fairly good, ranging from 90 to 103%, except for Cd and Pb with dry ashing, which showed recovery values close to 55% and 67%, respectively. As regards the metals concentration of the investigated samples, the experimental data reveal for some species the presence of concentration slightly over the legal limit fixed for wine and wine vinegar. 相似文献
6.
Claudio Chiesa Alma Dal Prà Giancarlo Guarneri Sandro Penso Leonardo Rodella Laura Volterra Adriano Zugno 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,34(3):241-244
Results from examining shellfish collected from ‘safe’ (2–34Escherichia coli/100 mL) and ‘unsafe’ (> 34E. coli/100 mL) waters for the presence ofYersinia enterocolitica and related bacteria are reported. The recovery of these microorganisms was low in bivalve mollusks destined for food consumption, high in those derived from prohibited areas. No human pathogenic bio-serogroup f Yersinia was found during the entire survey. 相似文献
7.
When a liquid is cooled below its melting temperature, it usually crystallizes. However, if the quenching rate is fast enough, the system may remain in a disordered state, progressively losing its fluidity upon further cooling. When the time needed for the rearrangement of the local atomic structure reaches approximately 100 seconds, the system becomes "solid" for any practical purpose, and this defines the glass transition temperature Tg. Approaching this transition from the liquid side, different systems show qualitatively different temperature dependencies of the viscosity, and accordingly they have been classified by introducing the concept of "fragility." We report experimental observations that relate the microscopic properties of the glassy phase to the fragility. We find that the vibrational properties of the glass well below Tg are correlated with the fragility value. Consequently, we extend the fragility concept to the glassy state and indicate how to determine the fragility uniquely from glass properties well below Tg. 相似文献
8.
Bibring JP Langevin Y Mustard JF Poulet F Arvidson R Gendrin A Gondet B Mangold N Pinet P Forget F Berthé M Bibring JP Gendrin A Gomez C Gondet B Jouglet D Poulet F Soufflot A Vincendon M Combes M Drossart P Encrenaz T Fouchet T Merchiorri R Belluci G Altieri F Formisano V Capaccioni F Cerroni P Coradini A Fonti S Korablev O Kottsov V Ignatiev N Moroz V Titov D Zasova L Loiseau D Mangold N Pinet P Douté S Schmitt B Sotin C Hauber E Hoffmann H Jaumann R Keller U Arvidson R Mustard JF Duxbury T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5772):400-404
Global mineralogical mapping of Mars by the Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activité (OMEGA) instrument on the European Space Agency's Mars Express spacecraft provides new information on Mars' geological and climatic history. Phyllosilicates formed by aqueous alteration very early in the planet's history (the "phyllocian" era) are found in the oldest terrains; sulfates were formed in a second era (the "theiikian" era) in an acidic environment. Beginning about 3.5 billion years ago, the last era (the "siderikian") is dominated by the formation of anhydrous ferric oxides in a slow superficial weathering, without liquid water playing a major role across the planet. 相似文献
9.
Nicola Tomasi Laure Weisskopf Giancarlo Renella Loretta Landi Roberto Pinton Zeno Varanini Paolo Nannipieri Josè Torrent Enrico Martinoia Stefano Cesco 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(7):1971-1974
The impact of flavonoids released by phosphorus-deficient white lupin roots on inorganic P and soil microorganisms is largely unknown. We report that flavonoids isolated from white lupin roots mobilized inorganic phosphorus and decreased soil microbial respiration, citrate mineralization, and soil phosphohydrolase activities, but did not reduce the soil ATP content. The results suggest that white lupin's release of flavonoids into the rhizosphere plays a significant role in its efficient P-acquisition strategy by solubilizing Fe-bound P and by limiting the microbial mineralization of citrate. 相似文献
10.
Panebianco Salvina Vitale Alessandro Platania Claudia Restuccia Cristina Polizzi Giancarlo Cirvilleri Gabriella 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2014,121(4):177-183
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The disease reducing activity of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), chitosan and β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) against postharvest green mold (GM) of citrus... 相似文献