苹果花脸病田间病情发展及ASSVd在组培条件下的传播

为了明确苹果锈果类病毒（apple scar skin viroid，ASSVd）引起的苹果花脸病在田间的病情发展情况以及ASSVd在组培条件下的传播方式，2012—2015年对河北省顺平南神南村3个果园进行持续调查和检测。结果显示，果园A、B、C的显症率分别从3.00%、19.35%和10.00%上升至10.00%、34.41%和22.00%，带毒率分别从11.00%、20.43%和14.00%上升至23.00%、37.63%和30.00%，带毒率和显症率都逐年增加，而且带毒率大于显症率，即有些带毒果树不显症。发病果树田间分布有明显的发病中心。通过高通量测序发现显症果树ASSVd vsiRNA reads数是带毒未显症reads数的4.08倍，同时实时荧光定量PCR检测发现显症树ASSVd病毒积累量显著高于带毒未显症树。以携带ASSVd的组培苗和无毒组培苗为试材，利用RT-PCR检测明确了ASSVd可通过伤口沾染带毒汁液、组培剪污染、含毒培养基、根系接触进行传播，其中根系接触传染率较高。     

福建三明地区柑橘病毒类病原种类的鉴定及检测

为了明确福建省三明地区柑橘病毒类病原(病毒和类病毒)种类,利用RT-PCR技术对其进行了鉴定和检测,并对其检出率进行了分析。结果表明,从207份柑橘叶片样品中检出柑橘衰退病毒(citrus tristeza virus, CTV)、柑橘黄化脉明病毒(citrus yellow vein clearing virus, CYVCV)、柑橘叶斑驳病毒(citrus leaf blotch virus, CLBV)和蚜虫致死麻痹病毒(aphid lethal paralysis virus, ALPV)等4种病毒以及柑橘曲叶类病毒(citrus bent leaf viroid, CBLVd)、啤酒花矮化类病毒(hop stunt viroid, HSVd)、柑橘矮化类病毒(citrus dwarfing viroid, CDVd)、柑橘类病毒Ⅴ(citrus viroidⅤ, CVdⅤ)和柑橘类病毒Ⅵ(citrus viroidⅥ, CVdⅥ)等5种类病毒。其中,CTV、CYVCV、CLBV和ALPV的检出率分别是71.01%、66.67%、0.97%和6.28%,CBLVd、HSVd、C...     

山西省枣树上啤酒花矮化类病毒的检测及序列分析

［目的］ 从枣树样品中分离鉴定啤酒花矮化类病毒（HSVd）。［方法］ 从山西省农业科学院果树研究所国家枣种质资源圃采集70份枣树叶片样品,提取小分子RNA后通过Northern杂交、RT PCR进行检测,并对阳性样品中的类病毒进行克隆测序,利用生物学软件对所得序列进行分析。 ［结果］ 70份枣树样品中有1份样品感染HSVd,克隆测序后,共获得13条HSVd序列,它们与GenBank上首次报道的HSVd序列相似性为92.6%~92.8% 。［结论］ 本研究首次在国内报道了枣树上分离得到的HSVd序列,HSVd枣树分离物与已报道的HSVd分离物差异较大。     

苹果锈果类病毒山东栖霞分离物的分子鉴定及序列分析

本研究以采自山东省栖霞市的两个苹果样品为试验材料,利用二维电泳、斑点杂交、RT PCR等分子生物学技术对样品中的苹果锈果类病毒(ASSVd)带毒情况进行了检测。结果表明：两个样品均携带ASSVd。对两个样品中的ASSVd进行克隆测序,并利用生物学软件DNAMAN对所得序列进行分析,结果表明：与世界上首次报道的ASSVd序列(X17696)相比,本研究所得到的ASSVd序列变异较小,相对比较保守。     

我国北方部分苹果主产区病毒病的发生与检测

苹果病毒病在我国广泛发生,已成为限制我国苹果优质高产的关键因素。20世纪80年代曾对其做过详细的调查和研究,但近年来由于各地农业产业结构调整等因素,苹果病毒病的发生特点有了不同程度的变化。为了解目前我国苹果病毒病的发生情况,在我国北方苹果主产区山东、陕西、山西、辽宁、北京和黑龙江6个省市的部分地区采集苹果样品共计267份,经RT-PCR检测和扩增产物的克隆与测序分析表明在上述地区采集的样品中,苹果褪绿叶斑病毒(ACLSV)、苹果茎沟病毒(ASGV)、苹果茎痘病毒(ASPV)、苹果锈果类病毒(ASSVd)的发生率分别为66.7%~100.0%、38.1%~94.1%、4.8%~85.7%和4.8%~48.6%;苹果凹果类病毒(ADFVd)仅在山东的两个果园零星发生;6个省市样品中病毒复合侵染率分别为67.1%、92.1%、75.0%、88.2%、94.1%和76.2%。     

利用内标为基础的苹果锈果类病毒RT-PCR检测技术

为开发准确、灵敏的苹果锈果类病毒(Apple scar skin viroid,ASSVd)RT-PCR检测方法,以田间染病苹果组织为试材,提取高质量总RNA为模板,在常规RT-PCR检测体系中引入苹果线粒体nad5基因作为内标基因,对RT-PCR反应体系和程序进行优化,并测定其灵敏度和稳定性,最后利用优化的检测体系确定苹果果实着色期最佳检测部位。结果表明:以RNA提取改良法提取总RNA为模板合成cDNA后,进行PCR扩增,优化后的PCR体系(25μL)中cDNA模板2μL、ASSVd(20pmol/μL)正反向引物各1.0μL,nad5(20pmol/μL)正反向引物各0.1μL;扩增程序中退火温度为60.9℃,循环次数为35次;检测灵敏度为37.5ng新鲜样本;果实着色期,染病植株的幼嫩叶片、1a生枝的韧皮部和木质部、果实及部分种子样本均能检测到病毒,最佳检测部位为幼嫩韧皮部。研究结果可以为ASSVd高效、快速、准确的检测提供可靠方法,并为田间病害诊断及无毒苗木繁育提供依据和借鉴。     

我国在防治马铃薯类病毒病中存在的问题及防治对策

马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒病(Potato spindle tuber viroid,PSTVd)是威胁我国马铃薯生产的重要病害之一,已经给我国的马铃薯生产造成了严重影响,导致了经济损失.在防治该病害方面存在着脱除难,检测不到位,脱毒种薯质量控制体系不健全,监管力度不够等问题.今后,要加大PSTVd脱毒技术的研究,选用健康的...     

Diagnostic techniques for viroids

The fast growth of the human population forces us to produce more food, but higher crop production also leads to the fast spread of diseases. Plant pathology deploys a wide range of methods that do not provide an adequate solution to all disease losses. In the case of viroids, therapeutic means of control are not available; therefore control strategies are more focused on the development of reliable detection methods to quickly exclude the infected plant material. Although viroids are the smallest and simplest plant pathogens, their identification and detection is not straightforward. Each viroid–host combination is specific, and for reliable identification, all steps from sampling to final detection must be performed accurately. In this review, several methods for viroid detection in various host plants are discussed, including their advantages and disadvantages. Even though relatively new molecular methods enable fast and sensitive detection of viroids, a combination of different methods gives the most reliable identification. Techniques based on nucleic acids may be the future for viroid detection but they still cannot replace biological indexing, which is usually essential in epidemiological and aetiological studies.     

Effects of resistance of Eremocitrus glauca and Microcitrus australis to viroid infection: replication,accumulation and long‐distance movement of six citrus viroids

In studies to identify genotypes resistant to infection with citrus viroids, Eremocitrus glauca and Microcitrus australis were selected because their evolution in their habitat in Australia and New Guinea may have led to the selection of unusual traits. The movement and accumulation of Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Hop stunt viroid, Citrus bent leaf viroid, Citrus dwarfing viroid, Citrus bark cracking viroid and Citrus viroid V (CVd‐V) in self‐rooted as well as in graft‐ propagated E. glauca and M. australis plants was assessed by northern hybridization, RT‐PCR and by topworking to the sensitive selection 861‐S1 of Etrog citron. In both plant species the inoculated viroids were undetectable unless these plants were grafted to a susceptible Citrus partner, the rough lemon rootstock and/or the topworked Etrog citron, which acted as viroid sources. The results obtained indicate that M. australis and in particular E. glauca are poor viroid hosts in which viroid replication/accumulation does not occur or is extremely inefficient. However, viroid downward and upward movement to grafted Citrus partners in which viroid replication and accumulation occurs efficiently was not impaired. Eremocitrus glauca and M. australis showed differences regarding their properties as viroid hosts, but for both species CEVd seemed to have the lowest affinity among the viroid species tested and CVd‐V the highest. Even though E. glauca and M. australis do not appear to be truly resistant to viroid infection, they are interesting genotypes for further characterization of the mechanisms involved in viroid infection.