表面活性剂对乙烯菌核利光解的影响

研究了6种表面活性剂对乙烯菌核利在液相和固相表面光解的影响.结果表明,高压汞灯下,表面活性剂对乙烯菌核利液相光解的光猝灭效应随其添加浓度的不同而存在显著差异;但在玻片表面上,不同添加浓度对光猝灭效应的影响差异较小.太阳光下,SLS、SLBS、CTAB和S-20对乙烯菌核利的液相光解表现为光敏化效应;但在玻片上,只有SDS表现为光敏化效应.     

Chemical control of Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on dwarf snap beans

Two sprays of vinclozolin (0.5 kg a.i. ha^–1) or procymidone (0.5 kg a.i. ha^–1), the first at the beginning of flowering and the second two weeks later, gave the best control ofBotrytis cinerea on dwarf snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Good results were also obtained with iprodione and with thiophanate-methyl. Vinclozolin and procymidone at the same program were the most active fungicides againstSclerotinia sclerotiorum. Treatments with the latter two fungicides resulted in increased yields of pods and had no influence on colour and quality of the pods. Residue levels were below the tolerances.Samenvatting Twee bespuitingen met vinchlozolin (0,5 kg a.i. ha^–1) of procymidon (0,5 kg a.i. ha^–1), de eerste in het stadium begin bloei en de tweede 14 dagen later tijdens de peulzetting, waren voldoende omB. cinerea in stamslabonen te bestrijden. Tevens werden goede resultaten verkregen met iprodion en thiofanaat-methyl. Vinchlozolin en procymidon gaven volgens hetzelfde schema toegepast ook de beste werking tegenS. sclerotiorum. Toepassingen van deze laatste twee fungiciden leverden een hogere peulopbrengst en hadden geen invloed op de kleur en de kwaliteit van de peulen. Het residugehalte in de peulen lag beneden de toelaatbare grens.This research was subsidized by the Instituut tot Aanmoediging van het Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek in Nijverheid en Landbouw (IWONL).     

黄瓜中乙烯菌核利残留测定的测量不确定度评定

依据NY/T761—2008标准第二部分,采用气相色谱法对黄瓜中乙烯菌核利残留进行测定,分析检测过程中的各不确定度分量来源,建立了不确定度评定的数学模型,进而对各不确定分量进行合成与扩展。结果表明:黄瓜中乙烯菌核利残留测量结果的合成相对标准不确定度和扩展不确定度分别为2.78%和5.56%（k=2）,其中标准溶液的稀释与定容过程、乙烯菌核利残留的提取和净化过程所产生的回收率差异、色谱峰面积测量导致的误差是测量不确定度的主要来源。本研究结果可为客观评价蔬菜中农药残留检测结果提供参考。     

盾壳霉抗杀菌剂vinclozolin的诱变及突变体的生防潜力

采用适应性培养的方法获得了4个抗杀菌剂vinclozolin的盾壳霉突变体。vinclozolin对野生型盾壳霉菌株Chy-1菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的EC50分别为1．1和140．0μg／ml；而对突变菌株SV．5．1、SV．5．2、SV．10．1和V-250-1菌丝生长的EC50分别为2219．1、2683．9、2222．8和2504．2μg／m1，对分生孢子萌发的EC50分别是710．4、866．0、931．3和609．3μg／ml。在没有杀菌剂存在的情况下，这些突变菌株的转代培养后代和感染核盘菌菌核后产生的分生孢子后代仍具有抗性。用突变菌株与野生菌株接种核盘菌菌核时，突变菌株的大多数接种处理的菌核被寄生率和菌核腐烂指数与野生菌株接种处理没有明显差异。除菌株V-250-1外，其它3个突变菌株在至少1个接种处理的菌核上产生分生孢子的能力显著高于野生菌株或无明显差异。突变菌株与野生菌株在油菜花瓣上对核盘菌子囊孢子侵染油菜叶片具有明显抑制作用。     

农利灵的气相色谱分析方法研究

本文介绍用５％ＳＥ－３０，长度为２ｍ的不锈钢填充柱，以十八烷为内标物，在２４５℃的柱温下用ＦＤ检测器对恶唑烷酮类杀菌剂农利灵９ｖｉｎｃｌｏｚｏｌｉｎ）进行定量分析，分析方法的变异系数为０．１９５％，平均回收率为９９．９９％，线性相关系数为０．９９８２。     

乙烯菌核利在有机溶剂中的光化学降解

观察乙烯菌核利在4种有机溶剂中的光解动力学状况。结果表明,高压汞灯下乙烯菌核利在甲醇、乙腈、正己烷和丙酮中的光解半衰期分别为27．51min、46．52min、1．32h、46．52h。太阳光下乙烯菌核利在乙腈中光解极其缓慢,在丙酮、甲醇和正己烷中的光解半衰期分别为0．70h、14．17h、24．58h。作为反应介质的有机溶剂对乙烯菌核利的光解产生了显著的影响,这种影响表现为作为反应基质的溶剂对溶质在光吸收上的竞争效应。     

气相色谱快速测定粮谷及油籽中烯菌酮残留量

建立一种快速、灵敏和准确测定粮谷及油籽中烯菌酮残留量的气相色谱方法。     

Survival of dicarboximide-resistant strains ofBotrytis cinerea in plant debris during summer in Israel

Survival- ofBotrytis cinerea was monitored during two summer seasons. Mycelium and conidia were found dead on the surface of plant debris within 2 months of incubation, whereas a high level of viability was detected in thallus of the pathogen which was 1–2 mm inside the dry host tissue. Of the 148 samples of infected senescing cucumber female fruits, 8% survived seven warm months; half of these isolates ofB. cinerea were resistant to dicarboximides (5 (μ/ml iprodione). Of the stems of cucumber infected withB. cinerea in winter, 18% yielded the pathogen at the beginning of the following winter; 15% of the surviving isolates were resistant to dicarboximides. Cucumber seedlings artificially infected byB. cinerea did not yield the pathogen longer than 9 weeks after establishment of infection, even when incubated in the shade. Plant debris with symptoms of gray mold were kept in the shade during the summer; at the beginning of winter it was possible to establish infection ofB. cinerea from the dry debris.