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1.
通过小麦与长穗偃麦草远缘杂交创制附加系、代换系及易位系是小麦遗传改良中利用长穗偃麦草优良基因的重要途径。本研究将长穗偃麦草特异分子标记、染色体计数、基因组原位杂交(GISH)及非变性原位杂交(ND-FISH)等多种方法相结合,对硬粒小麦Langdon(AABB)与小偃麦8801(AABBEE)的杂交后代群体进行分子细胞学鉴定,创制出硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草3E、6E染色体双体附加系Du-DA3E和Du-DA6E,硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草1E(1B)染色体双体代换系Du-DS1E(1B)以及硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草1AS-1EL染色体易位系Du-T1AS·1EL。创制的4个种质中长穗偃麦草染色体均能稳定遗传,这不仅增加了硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草附加系和代换系的类型,还为后续利用长穂偃麦草优良基因改良小麦提供了特殊种质资源。  相似文献   
2.
【目的】研究扩大管行比对滴灌春小麦干物质积累和籽粒产量的影响。【方法】在大田条件下,以新春22号和新春44号为供试材料,设置1管4行(TR4)、1管6行(TR6)和1管8行(TR8),3种不同的管行比滴灌带配置方式,测定不同管行比种植方式下,滴灌春小麦植株及各器官干物质积累量、产量和产量构成因子等指标。【结果】不同处理下2个小麦品种的单株和各器官干物质积累量随带宽增加均呈下降趋势,且均以TR4处理为最大。在TR4处理下,2个小麦品种的总干物质积累量于成熟期达到最大值,且新春44号干物质积累量高于新春22号。新春44号干物质最大积累量、干物质积累速率均高于新春22号。2个品种的籽粒产量均随着带宽的增加呈下降趋势,在TR4处理下,新春22号和新春44号的籽粒产量分别为7 716.45和8 096.48 kg/hm2。【结论】在TR6处理下,小麦籽粒产量降幅较小,新春44号产量降幅度小于新春22号,且新春44号籽粒产量高于新春22号。新春44号更适于在大管行比滴灌种植方式下种植。  相似文献   
3.
Aged plants are more difficult to infect than young plantlets. This modification of susceptibility is described as mature plant resistance (MPR). For potato virus Y (PVY), MPR is known to lead to low infection rates of plants inoculated at the postflowering stage and a decrease in the number of infected daughter tubers. However, the impact of inoculation date on the capacity of PVY to accumulate in daughter tubers has not been studied so far. Field and greenhouse experiments were carried out to better understand PVY epidemiology and to help potato growers to evaluate consequences of early/late infections on the quality of their crops. In field trials, potato plants (cv. Bintje) were covered by insectproof nets from planting to harvest except for a 14-day period to expose plants to natural PVY infections. Under controlled conditions, potato plants were mechanically inoculated with PVY at different dates from preflowering stages (early inoculations) to postflowering stage (late inoculations). At harvest, daughter tubers were individually collected and analysed to define proportions and viral load of infected tubers according to the time between virus inoculation and harvest. Our results showed that although the age of plants at the time of inoculation can modify their susceptibility to PVY infection, in return, early and late PVY inoculations lead to similar rates of infected tubers at the plant scale and equivalent viral accumulation in infected tubers. All together, these data revealed that both early/late infections are high risks for the sanitary quality of potato tubers.  相似文献   
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5.
大赖草对赤霉病具有较好的抗性,将大赖草赤霉病抗性基因转入普通小麦,对拓宽小麦赤霉病抗性基础有重要意义。本研究在获得抗赤霉病普通小麦-大赖草异附加系基础上,采用1 200 R 60Co-γ射线处理小麦-大赖草二体附加系DA7Lr花粉,授予已去雄的普通小麦中国春,对其后代(M1)种子根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体进行GISH分析,获得了1株具有1条普通小麦-大赖草易位染色体的植株,让其自交,对自交后代中具有2条易位染色体植株的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ进行观察,发现2条易位染色体形成了稳定的环状二价体,表明该植株为纯合体。利用顺序GISH-双色FISH分析,结合C-分带、小麦D基因组专化探针Oligo-pAs1-2和B基因组专化探针Oligo-pSc119.2-2,进一步鉴定出该普通小麦-大赖草易位系为T3AS·3AL-7Lr#1S,且筛选出了可追踪该易位系的3个EST-STS分子标记BE591127、BQ168298和BE591737。该易位系的育成为小麦赤霉病遗传改良提供了新种质。  相似文献   
6.
Cadmium(Cd) is highly toxic to plants, animals, and humans. Limited information is available on the role of nitric oxide(NO)and/or 24-epibrassinolide(EBR) in response of plants to Cd stress. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate the effects of NO and/or EBR on peanut plants subjected to Cd stress(200 μmol L~(-1)) with sodium nitroprusside(SNP, an exogenous NO donor)(250 μmol L~(-1)) and/or EBR(0.1 μmol L~(-1)) addition. The results showed that Cd exposure inhibited plant growth, and this stress was alleviated by exogenous NO or EBR, and especially the combination of the two. Treatment with Cd inhibited the growth of peanut seedlings, decreased chlorophyll content, and significantly increased the Cd concentration in plants. Furthermore, the concentration of reactive oxygen species(ROS) markedly increased in peanut seedlings under Cd stress, resulting in the accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA) and proline in leaves and roots. Under Cd stress, applications of SNP, EBR, and especially the two in combination significantly reduced the translocation of Cd from roots to leaves, increased the chlorophyll content, decreased the concentrations of ROS, MDA, and proline, and significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) in peanut seedlings. Exogenous NO and/or EBR also stimulated the activities of nitrate reductase(NR)and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and increased the contents of antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid(AsA) and reduced glutathione(GSH). Furthermore, exogenous NO and/or EBR enhanced Cd accumulation in the cell wall and thus decreased Cd distribution in the organelles in the roots. The concentrations of calcium(Ca), iron(Fe), magnesium(Mg), and zinc(Zn) were also regulated by exogenous NO or EBR, and especially by the two in combination. These results indicated that SNP and EBR, alone and particularly in combination, can mitigate the negative effects of Cd stress in peanut plants.  相似文献   
7.
为探究播期对直播水稻产量、花后干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响,以水稻品种白粳1号、长白9号和龙粳31号为供试材料,设置3个播期(SD1、SD2和SD3),比较不同播期条件下3个品种的产量、抽穗期和成熟期各器官干物质及氮素积累与转运特点。3个品种抽穗期和成熟期各器官干物质及氮素积累量、抽穗至成熟期各器官干物质及氮素转运量和产量均表现为SD2>SD3>SD1。相关分析表明,产量与成熟期穗干物质及氮素积累量呈显著正相关,与叶片干物质和氮素转运量呈显著正相关。在本试验条件下,播期的推迟提高了3个品种有效穗数及结实率,进而提高了产量,同时促进了各器官物质转运量与转运率的提高。各品种SD2处理的产量及花后干物质、氮素积累量最高,SD2为适宜播期。  相似文献   
8.
AIM: To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) P65 expression and nuclear translocation in airway epithelial cells (16HBE) for supplementing the mechanism for airway inflammation. METHODS: After stimulating the 16HBE cells with LPS at 1 mg/L for 0, 0.5, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h, the expression of NF-κB P65 at mRNA and protein levels in the 16HBE cells were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65 was detected by immunocytochemical staining method. The effects of TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095 at 5 μmol/L and TRPC6 agonist Hyp9 at 10 μmol/L on LPS (1 mg/L)-induced NF-κB P65 expression and nuclear translocation in the 16HBE cells were determined by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemical staining. RESULTS: LPS increased the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB P65 and nuclear translocation in the 16HBE cells(P<0.05). TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095 reduced the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB P65 and nuclear translocation induced by LPS, while Hyp9 enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB P65 and nuclear translocation induced by LPS in the 16HBE cells(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: LPS induces the expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65 in the 16HBE cells via TLR4-TRPC6 signaling pathway.  相似文献   
9.
【目的】提高微咸水灌溉效率并降低土壤盐渍化风险。【方法】以冬小麦为研究对象,设计避雨条件下不同微咸水-生物炭处理(CK,淡水;B0,5 g/L微咸水;B15,5 g/L微咸水及15 t/hm2生物炭;B30,5 g/L微咸水及30 t/hm2生物炭;B45,5 g/L微咸水及45 t/hm2生物炭)的田间试验,探讨了微咸水灌溉下生物炭添加量对土壤特性和冬小麦花后干物质积累及转运的影响机制。【结果】生物炭添加后土壤表层(0~20 cm)体积质量降低了2.27%~8.33%,总孔隙度增加了4.52%~13.47%,有机质量增加了30.02%~111.12%,土壤表层(0~20 cm)及主根区(0~40 cm)钠吸附比降低了23.88%~33.27%和22.34%~30.80%;15 t/hm2能够促进盐分淋洗,降低了微咸水灌溉下土壤含盐量,然而高剂量时将加剧盐分累积。单独微咸水灌溉下冬小麦生长受抑,最终产量下降了12.04%。生物炭能够缓解盐胁迫下叶片早衰,促进光合作用能力,并增加花前干物质转运量及花后干物质积累量,进而获取了更高的籽粒质量和收获指数。B15、B30、B45处理的最终产量较B0处理分别增加9.18%、7.73%、2.74%。【结论】15 t/hm2添加量的生物炭效果最佳,可促进微咸水资源的农业利用。  相似文献   
10.
在相应栽培密度下,通过田间试验研究了浙江省主栽籼粳杂交水稻(甬优12和嘉优中科6号)和常规粳稻(秀水134)的个体和单位面积群体产量、产量构成,及其对氮肥施用的响应特性,同时对其干物质和氮素的累积、转运特性,以及氮素利用效率开展研究。结果表明:甬优12和嘉优中科6号的个体、单位面积群体及日产量均高于秀水134,其中,个体产量优势更明显。尽管籼粳杂交稻单位面积穗数和结实率相对较低,但其穗大粒多。随施氮量增加,甬优12和嘉优中科6号产量呈增加趋势,而秀水134产量在施氮量超过200 kg·hm-2后即呈下降趋势。甬优12和嘉优中科6号个体和单位面积群体的干物质和氮素累积均高于秀水134,其中个体差异更明显。整体而言,甬优12和嘉优中科6号单位面积群体齐穗期后干物质和氮素转运量较少,转运效率较低。甬优12和嘉优中科6号的氮素利用效率高于秀水134,然而主要表现为氮素吸收效率高,生理利用效率差异不明显。由此可见,籼粳杂交稻的干物质形成和氮素吸收能力高于常规粳稻,但转运量和转运效率较低。另外,与氮素吸收效率相比,籼粳杂交稻的氮素生理利用效率仍有待进一步提高。  相似文献   
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