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排序方式: 共有792条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为鉴定评价我国向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)种质资源在南方地区的表现,筛选构建向日葵核心种质,以422份向日葵种质为材料,在进行2年鉴定观察的基础上,采用描述性统计、相关性分析、主成分分析等方法对11个表型农艺性状进行分析评价。结果表明,原始群体的这些农艺性状具有较大的变异幅度,其变异系数(CV)为3.60%~83.32%,平均变异系数为20.93%,其中分枝株率(0%~62.5%)、单株粒重(9.70~232.35 g)、百粒重(4.60~14.92 g)、叶片数(14.40~48.38个)和株高(103.75~260.00 cm)变异幅度较大;性状间表现出显著的相关性,主成分分析表明,影响性状的4个主要成分解释了总方差的71.72%。采用QGAstation 2.0软件构建了72组核心种质候选群体,并根据均值差异百分数(MD)、方差差异百分率(VD),极差符合率(CR)和变异系数百分率(VR),获得组获得1组包含84份材料的最佳核心种质群体。聚类分析将84份核心资源分为5大类,与原群体相比,所选核心种质均值无显著差异,方差显著提高,能最大限度代表原始油葵种质资源保存和利用。 相似文献
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螯合剂对油葵修复镉砷复合污染土壤的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为提高油葵对农田土壤重金属的提取效率,研究了不同螯合剂(NTA、EGTA、EDDS和EDTA)对油葵修复Cd、As复合污染农田土壤的影响。结果表明,施用4种不同螯合剂对油葵根、茎、叶、花盘和籽粒生物量影响不大。不同螯合剂对油葵各器官Cd、As含量和积累量影响不一样。与CK处理相比,施用NTA、EGTA、EDDS、EDTA导致油葵花盘Cd含量分别提高30.2%、55.1%、41.9%和43.3%,根系As含量分别提高23.6%、18.1%、15.6%和15.4%,但是对籽粒和茎中Cd含量影响不显著。施用NTA、EGTA、EDDS和EDTA处理使油葵植株总Cd积累量分别比CK处理提高32.8%、45.3%、40.5%和41.6%,而对油葵As积累量没有显著影响。4种螯合剂对油葵各器官Cd、As富集系数有不同影响,而对Cd、As转运系数影响不显著。施用EDTA处理使根际土壤Cd含量比CK处理降低25.0%,施用NTA和EDTA处理使根际土壤As含量分别降低18.1%和14.3%。4种螯合剂均可以提高油葵对Cd、As污染土壤的修复效率。 相似文献
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咸水畦灌农田土壤水热盐动态及油葵生长的试验与模拟 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为探究中国西北旱区咸水畦灌条件下农田土壤水热盐动态及其对作物生长的影响,采用大田试验和WASH-C模型(Layered Soil Water-Solute-Heat Transport and Crop Growth Model,土壤水热盐迁移和作物生长耦合的模拟模型)模拟相结合的方法,分析油葵全生育期内不同灌水量和矿化度处理下土壤剖面水盐分布特征、温度变化及油葵生长规律。试验设置包括2个灌水量水平(分别为油葵畦灌需水量的100%、50%)和3种畦灌水矿化度(分别为0.7、4.0、8.0 g/L)。结果表明,土壤剖面的水、盐、热分布在根区(0~40 cm)的变动幅度要大于深层(40~100 cm),灌水量越多,水分、盐分变幅越大。随着灌水次数的增加,土壤剖面在0.7 g/L矿化度下出现脱盐现象,4.0、8.0 g/L矿化度下出现积盐现象,并且灌水量越大,相应的脱、积盐率越高。试验前期各层地温变化幅度较后期大,温度变化幅度随土壤深度增加而减小。0.7g/L、100%油葵需水量下的作物LAI和产量最大,8g/L、50%油葵需水量下最小,两处理的LAI分别为8.41、3.80 cm~2/cm~2,产量分别为5.49、3.08t/hm~2,差异显著(P0.05)。模拟结果表明,WASH-C能够较好地模拟各时期土壤中根区、深层含水率的分布特征,所有模拟结果的R2不低于0.53。在咸水矿化度小于等于3g/L的情景模拟下,作物根区不会产生明显的积盐现象。合理的咸水畦灌制度有利于充分利用咸水资源并提高油葵的水分利用效率和产量。 相似文献
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向日葵茎秆切割阻力影响因素试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对向日葵收获机械在使用现有往复式切割器收割向日葵茎秆时存在适用性差及切割质量差等问题,在微机控制电子万能试验机上模拟直刃切刀配合的切割方式,对向日葵茎秆进行切割试验,研究刃口倾角、削切角度及斜切角度等参数改变对切割阻力和切割能量消耗的影响程度以及不同条件下向日葵茎秆的切割阻力变化规律。结果表明:1)切割速度一定,切刀刃口倾角为0°~20°时,切割阻力峰值及切割能量消耗随着刃口倾角的增大逐渐减小,滑切效果逐渐增强,当刃口倾角在20°时的切割能量消耗较其他角度小。2)切割速度一定,削切角为0°~45°时,切割阻力峰值与切割能量消耗先逐渐减小而后急剧上升,削切角为15°时,切刀对向日葵茎秆的切割阻力和切割能耗较小。3)切割速度一定,斜切角度为0°~60°时,切割阻力峰值和切割能耗先逐渐减小而后迅速增大,斜切角为30°时,其切割阻力和切割能耗最小。 相似文献
6.
Growth and economic analysis of freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), produced with feeds substituting sunflower cake for fish meal,soya bean meal and mustard oil cake 下载免费PDF全文
A feeding trial with Macrobrachium rosenbergii was carried out to test the effectiveness of sunflower cake (SFC) as a replacement for conventional protein sources. Four isonitrogenous (~30% crude protein) and isocaloric (388–402 kcal) diets were formulated. Diet‐1 was a control made with conventional ingredients including fish meal, soya bean meal and mustard oil cake. Diet‐2, Diet‐3 and Diet‐4 were made with 30%, 40% and 50% SFC, respectively, replacing the usual protein sources used in Diet‐1. After 100 days, diets with SFC inclusion showed favourable growth and economic performance trends compared to control diet‐1, but without significant differences (p > .05). Better production (572.89 ± 62.99 kg/ha) was observed with Diet‐4 followed by Diet‐2, Diet‐3 and Diet‐1. Diet‐4 revealed the best feed conversion ratio (2.56 ± 0.24), specific growth rate (1.18 ± 0.05) and protein efficiency ratio (1.14 ± 0.10) among these diets. Whole carcass composition analysis revealed highest crude protein (18.19%) and lipid (4.43%) content in prawns fed Diet‐3 followed by Diet‐4. Highest total income, gross margin and benefit cost ratio (BCR) per hectare from prawns were US$5,759, US$2,623 and 1.84, respectively, found in Diet‐4. This study demonstrates that 30%–50% inclusion of SFC has favourable impacts on productivity and profitability compared with controls, with 50% SFC inclusion as the most cost‐effective diet for prawns without apparent compromise in growth, flesh quality or economics. The performances of the diets suggest that SFC may be a suitable substitute for fishmeal, soya bean meal and mustard oil cake in prawn feed. The effectiveness of higher SFC concentrations should also be investigated. 相似文献
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Mohamed S. Hassaan Eman Y. Mohammady Mohamed R. Soaudy Amina A. S. Abdel Rahman 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(4):841-853
A 3 × 2 factorial experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of different ratios of fish meal (FM): sunflower meal (SFM) with or without exogenous xylanase supplementation on growth, feed utilization, digestive enzymes activities, apparent digestibility, intestinal and liver morphology and chemical composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Three isonitrogenous (329.80 g/kg of crude protein) and isoenergetic (18.46 MJ/kg gross energy) experimental diets were formulated as SFM1 (FM:SFM = 2:1), SFM2 (FM:SFM = 1:1) and SFM3 (FM:SFM = 1:2) based on protein content. Each diet was supplemented with 0 or 0.5 g/kg of exogenous xylanase and was fed to triplicate groups of twelve fish (with initial weight, 1.31 ± 0.02 g) for 84 days. After 84 days of feeding period, the highest weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency, protein productive value and the best feed conversion ratio were recorded in fish fed either SFM1 or SFM2 supplemented with exogenous xylanase. Whereas lowest growth performance was recorded in fish fed SFM2 and SFM3 un‐supplemented with xylanase. The highest activities of chymotrypsin, trypsin, lipase, amylase, alkaline phosphatase and cholecystokinin were observed in fish fed SFM1 and SFM2 diets supplemented with xylanase. The highest ADCs of dry matter, protein, lipid and digestible energy were recorded in fish fed SFM1 and SFM2 diets supplemented with exogenous xylanase. Supplementation of exogenous xylanase improved muscularis mucosa thickness, height of mucosal folds and enterocytes of intestinal fish. Addition of exogenous xylanase increased the calcium and phosphorus retention. Results of this study indicated that the addition of exogenous xylanase to diet containing high inclusion level of sunflower meal improved growth, digestive enzymes, nutrient digestibility, histological morphometric of liver and intestine and nutrient retention. 相似文献
8.
Noreen Khalid Ali Noman Muhammad Aqeel Naila Hadayat Sumreen Anjum 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(5):584-595
A study was conducted to determine the effect of macronutrients (NPK) in alleviating the adverse effects of simulated acid rain (SAR) on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). In addition to control (T0), three different treatments, i.e., SAR (HNO3) of pH 3 (T1), NPK (T2), and SAR + NPK (T3), were applied on two sunflower cultivars, i.e., FH-37 and FH-385. The experiment was set up in CRD (completely randomized design) with four replicates of each treatment. Chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, ion contents (NPK), and gas exchange characters were determined. Acid rain remarkably reduced the chlorophyll pigments, NPK ionic content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance, while an increase in internal CO2 concentration and water use efficiency was noted in both the cultivars. The mixture of NPK with SAR exhibited positive impact to lessen the toxicity caused by acid. Among cultivars, FH-385 showed better performance as compared to FH-37. 相似文献
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为了探究油葵不同种植方式对盐碱地土壤水、热、盐分布状况的影响,以平播(T1)为对照,开展了半膜平播(T2)、半膜平播+膜间覆秸秆(T3)、起垄沟播(T4)、起垄沟播+沟覆秸秆(T5)、垄膜沟播(T6)、垄膜沟播+沟覆秸秆(T7)等6种种植方式对油葵田土壤温度、水分和电导率的影响研究。结果表明:与对照相比,不同种植方式均提高了早上7:00时5cm深度的土温,但油葵花期土壤增温效果明显弱于苗期,垄膜沟播种植方式更有利于减缓地 表5 cm深度土温的剧烈变化。与对照相比,在油葵苗期,T7和T6的0~20cm土层土壤含水率分别提高了6.30%和5.01%,20~40cm土层分别提高了6.00%和3.38%,在油葵开花期,土壤含水率较对照提高幅度有所降低。与播种前0~20cm土层土壤电导率相比,T6在苗期和开花期均有所下降,其中开花期下降了33.81%,T7在苗期略有增加,在开花期则略有下降,其他处理在苗期增加幅度较大。因此,在银北灌区油葵生产中,垄膜沟播是一种适宜的油葵种植方式。 相似文献