基于地质环境适宜性的基本农田布局优化研究

基本农田划定及布局受自然、经济社会、生态环境等多元因素的影响,但是当前基本农田布局研究中仍然缺少对地质环境因素的系统考察。该文试图从耕地利用的地质环境约束出发,以徐州市城市规划区为例,开展面向耕地的地质环境适宜性评价,通过GIS空间叠加分析对现行基本农田布局方案进行优化。研究结果表明:1)依据耕地利用与地质环境的关系,整合地形、土壤、水文、地质灾害、地质环境问题等要素开展区域地质环境适宜性评价,是进行基本农田布局优化的前提。2)研究区地质环境适宜性评价等级为较不适宜、不适宜的基本农田面积共2 431.69 hm~2,研究区基本农田存在明显的地质环境约束。3)通过将较不适宜、不适宜的基本农田调出,再从一般农地中调入适宜、较适宜的耕地形成新的布局方案,从地质环境角度看研究区基本农田布局实现了优化。该研究探索了基于地质环境约束的区域基本农田布局优化路径,还可以在城乡建设用地、工矿用地等类型的土地布局优化中进行应用,从而为空间规划编制和管理中实现"矿地融合"服务。     

不同种植方式对大跨度外覆盖大棚番茄群体微环境及植株生长与产量和品质的影响

以番茄品种罗拉为试材,设置5个处理,分别为:CK,定植密度33 300株·hm~(-2),留6穗果;T1,49 500株·hm~(-2),留4穗果;T2,66 000株·hm~(-2),留3穗果;T3,49 500株·hm~(-2),单株留2穗果与留6穗果相间;T4,66 000株·hm~(~(-2)),单株留2穗果与留4穗果相间,研究不同种植密度和留果方式对外保温覆盖大棚内番茄植株生长、产量、品质、群体微环境的影响。结果表明:T2和T1处理生育期平均温度、温度适宜度较高;T1和T3处理摘心前的叶片SPAD值显著高于对照;T1、T2处理的前期产量和总产量均显著高于对照;VC、可滴定酸、可溶性糖、番茄红素等果实品质以T1处理最优。综合产量、品质以及大棚内的温湿度和光照适宜度,T1处理种植风险较小,是外保温覆盖大棚中较为合适的种植方式。     

基于GIS的海南岛芒果气候适宜性精细化区划研究

以海南岛18个国家气象站1966—2019年的日观测数据为基础,对海南岛18个市（县）芒果单产的气象产量与其各生育期气温、降水、日照、相对湿度等做相关分析,选取花期平均气温、果实发育期平均气温、年≥10 ℃积温作为区划指标,同时考虑坡度因素的影响,采用集优法基于GIS开展了海南岛芒果种植精细化气候区划。结果表明,海南岛芒果种植气候适宜区主要分布在昌江、东方、乐东、三亚、陵水、万宁、琼海等西部南部和东部市（县）的沿海乡（镇）,不适宜区主要分布在五指山大部、白沙南部、昌江南部、乐东东北部、三亚北部、陵水北部等市（县）地形陡峭的山地,其余为次适宜区。区划结果可为海南岛芒果种植布局规划和产业结构调整提供科学依据。     

香格里拉普达措国家公园扩建研究

为提升香格里拉普达措国家公园的整体性和有效保护,对迪庆州范围内具有重要生态价值的区域,从国家代表性、生态系统重要性和管理可行性3个方面进行系统评估。适宜性分析结果认为,拟扩建区域山地植被垂直带谱典型完整,足以支撑地带性生物区系,区内多样的地貌构造以及珍贵、罕见的地质地貌景观和遗迹,具有十分重要的世界意义和保护价值,动植物区系较完整,能维持种群生存繁衍、生态功能稳定和生态系统健康,生态原真性十分突出。扩建后国家公园面积1030919.93 hm²,涉及香格里拉市的11个乡镇。综合评价认为,拟扩建区域资源具有国家代表性,生态系统突出,并具备管理可行性,全面符合建设国家公园的条件。提出将白马雪山、哈巴雪山、千湖山、红山、梅里雪山和碧罗雪山等6片区纳入普拉措国家公园扩建范围,并对扩建后国家公园更名、建立管理体制、运行机制等方面提出建议。     

An approach to determining forest areas with recreational potential: The case of forest areas around main transportation roads in the Maçka Region of Trabzon,Turkey

It is most important to determine areas with recreation potential that can permit sustainable use of forest resources and also meet recreational uses. Under the method described in this study, using the Geographic Information System (GIS), a spatial suitability model for recreational use was combined with a recreational priority perceptual suitability model that depends on principal component analysis (PCA) and is based on the perceptions of both recreational users and experts. Using principal component analysis, five priority components explaining 69.371% of the total variance were identified out of 12 perceptual suitability components. These components are scenic beauty, accessibility, the surface of the landscape, tree type, and forest stand condition. The recreation terrain suitability value of an area with recreational potential was assessed with the assistance of these five priority components. This enabled us to generate a recreation terrain suitability value equation and a recreation terrain suitability value scale for a potential recreation area. This applicability of this approach was demonstrated in the identification of potential recreation areas in Trabzon, Turkey.     

县域“旱改水”项目遴选布局方法与实证研究

从分析遂溪县"旱改水"建设适宜性和空间稳定性入手,提出了基于耦合协调度模型和冷热点分析方法的"旱改水"建设项目遴选布局方法。结果表明,遂溪县开展"旱改水"建设潜力较大,其中高、中适宜区占耕地总面积的81.08%,主要分布在中东部乡镇;稳定性与适宜性的空间分布差异显著,高稳定性地块主要集中在北坡镇和广前公司,在其余乡镇也有分布;容易改造地块占耕地总面积的41.04%,主要分布在北坡镇、界炮镇、杨柑镇和广前公司等,该类耕地自然禀赋较好、基础设施完备,并且与城镇、交通干线有一定距离,建设占用的可能性较小;"旱改水"建设适宜性和空间稳定性耦合协调的热点区主要分布在杨柑镇、北坡镇、界炮镇和广前公司等中部乡镇,是"旱改水"项目布局的优先选择区域;结合研究区实际,确定遂溪县"十三五"期间"旱改水"建设区总面积462.75 hm2。该研究为科学遴选、布局"旱改水"建设项目提供了方法借鉴。     

溧阳南山片区乡村旅游公路选线适宜性评价

在全域旅游的时代背景下,乡村旅游公路的选线对于发展县域旅游至关重要。本文在界定乡村旅游公路概念及文献研究的基础上,结合旅游心理和自驾游行为特征,基于溧阳南山片区乡村旅游公路现状特征,以旅游资源价值、交通便捷度、沿线可视景观美感度、设施配置合理性为准则,建立包括旅游资源等级、旅游资源数量与分布合理性、旅游资源多样性等12项因子的选线适宜性评价模型;并对溧阳南山片区乡村旅游公路选线适宜性进行评价,选线适宜性综合指数为4.21,评价等级为Ⅱ级(良),针对其存在的问题提出优化建议。本研究结果对江浙沪地区县域乡村旅游公路的选线提供有益的借鉴。     

Linking small pelagic fish and cetacean distribution to model suitable habitat for coastal dolphin species,Delphinus delphis and Tursiops truncatus,in the Greek Seas (Eastern Mediterranean)

1. A large‐scale assessment of the summertime suitable habitat for Delphinus delphis (short‐beaked common dolphin) and Tursiops truncatus (common bottlenose dolphin) in Greek Seas (Eastern Mediterranean) was conducted using data from dedicated and opportunistic cetacean surveys and published data records.
2. Using a presence/absence approach, generalized additive models were applied to define a suite of environmental, bathymetric and biotic factors that best describe common and bottlenose dolphin spatial distribution, during early (May, June, July) and late (August, September) summer.
3. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to integrate sightings data with environmental characteristics, distance from the coast and sardine probability of presence. These variables were considered as good proxies for defining species‐suitable habitat within the study area's coastal environment.
4. The final selected models were used to produce annual probability maps of the presence of the species in the entire Greek Seas, as a measure of habitat suitability. Based on the mean probability and standard deviation maps for the study period GIS techniques were subsequently used to determine the persistent (areas with high mean and low variation) and occasional (high mean and high variation) habitat of each species.
5. Results showed that there was a high probability of common dolphin presence in areas with a high probability of sardine presence. For bottlenose dolphin, higher probability of the presence of species occurred in areas closer to the shore, with a high probability of sardine presence and with high concentrations of chlorophyll‐a.
6. In both seasons, the North Aegean Sea and the Inner Ionian Sea Archipelago were indicated as the most suitable areas for common dolphin distribution. Persistent habitat areas of the bottlenose dolphin included enclosed seas, continental shelf waters, and waters surrounding islands. The indicated suitable areas are discussed along with deficiencies of the models and future implications for conservation.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.