Identification of novel juvenile-hormone signaling activators via high-throughput screening with a chemical library

Juvenile hormone (JH) is an insect-specific hormone that regulates molting and metamorphosis. Hence, JH signaling inhibitors (JHSIs) and activators (JHSAs) can be used as effective insect growth regulators (IGRs) for pest management. In our previous study, we established a high-throughput screening (HTS) system for exploration of novel JHSIs and JHSAs using a Bombyx mori cell line (BmN_JF&AR cells) and succeeded in identifying novel JHSIs from a chemical library. Here, we searched for novel JHSAs using this system. The four-step HTS yielded 10 compounds as candidate JHSAs; some of these compounds showed novel basic structures, whereas the others were composed of a 4-phenoxyphenoxymethyl skeleton, the basic structure of several existing JH analogs (pyriproxyfen and fenoxycarb). Topical application of seven compounds to B. mori larvae significantly prolonged the larval period, suggesting that the identified JHSAs may be promising IGRs targeting the JH signaling pathway.     

基于BP神经网络的人机联合率定SWMM研究

为解决雨洪管理模型(SWMM)在率定过程中参数复杂、过程繁琐等问题。以西宁市某地块为例建立SWMM模型,利用Morris筛选法进行参数灵敏度分析,并根据灵敏度分析的结果进行人工率定;另外利用BP神经网络对模型进行率定,并结合参数灵敏度对其进行优化。对3种率定方案进行分析,结果表明:水文水力模块参数的相对灵敏度基本一致,其中灵敏度较大的参数为子汇水区面积(Area)、不透水率(Imperv)和不透水区洼地蓄积量(Destore-Imperv),并且不同降雨条件下模型参数的灵敏度存在差异。经过优化后的BP神经网络参数率定方法的模型模拟效果最好,纳什系数最大。结合灵敏度优化BP神经网络的人机联合率定方法一方面能提高BP神经网络率定的准确性,另一方面又能提高传统人工率定的效率。     

木薯种质资源淀粉特性分析与评价

为了评价和筛选出淀粉品质优良的木薯资源,对212份国内外栽培木薯种质块根淀粉产量性状及淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、粘度峰值和糊化温度5个重要淀粉特性指标进行研究。结果表明,不同木薯资源各淀粉特性差异较大,不同指标间有一定的相关性,利用概率分级法将8个淀粉产量及特性性状分为5级,即极低、低、中、高和极高,推荐极高品系可作为木薯淀粉品质育种利用的基础亲本材料,其中直链淀粉含量极高资源共17份;支链淀粉含量极高资源共18份。利用主成分分析得出前2个主成分反映木薯参试资源块根淀粉特性的83.79%信息,第1主成分主要包括淀粉率、直链淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量,隶属函数法综合评价得出,‘SM2300-1’等12份木薯资源淀粉综合特性最好,更适合木薯淀粉的深加工与利用。     

正交设计优化青蒿SRAP-PCR反应体系及引物筛选

为了建立青蒿的SRAP最佳扩增体系,并筛选出SRAP多态性引物,本研究以青蒿叶片DNA为模板,采用正交试验设计,以Mg^2+、dNTP Mix、Taq DNA聚合酶、引物和DNA模板5种因素5个水平,对青蒿SRAP反应体系进行研究。结果表明,青蒿SRAP-PCR最佳反应体系为:引物0.6μmol/L、Mg^2+2.0 mmol/L、模板DNA 5.1 ng、Taq DNA聚合酶2.0 U、dNTPs 0.25 mmol/L,总体积为25μL。各因素对扩增反应均有不同影响,其中引物浓度的影响最大,dNTPs的影响最小。运用该体系对不同种质资源的青蒿进行验证,证明该体系稳定可靠,并在30个引物组合中筛选出了25对扩增条带清晰,多态性丰富的引物组合。这一结论为今后利用SRAP标记技术进行青蒿分子遗传学研究提供了科学依据。     

52份豌豆种质萌发期耐铝毒性的综合评价与筛选

随着土壤酸化的日益加重,铝毒成为影响作物种子萌发质量以及产量的重要胁迫因子之一。本研究采用单项耐铝毒系数(AC值)、综合耐铝毒系数(CAC值)、平均隶属函数值(ASF值)、耐性综合评价值(A值)等指标及相关分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和逐步回归分析等方法,综合评价豌豆种质萌发期铝毒耐性,建立综合筛选评价体系,并筛选萌发期耐铝毒豌豆种质。利用筛选出的适宜浓度40 mg L–1Al3+处理52份豌豆品种(系)种子,结果显示,萌发期8个相关性状在处理组及对照组品种间均存在显著差异,遗传多样性指数分别介于1.43～2.03和1.51～2.06之间。基于AC值聚类分析, 52份豌豆种质可被分为3个耐性级别,其中,第I级含2份,为耐铝毒品种(系);第II级含19份,为敏感品种(系);第III级含31份,为铝毒极敏感性品种(系)。利用豌豆种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、芽长、根长、芽干重、根干重7项指标,结合最优回归方程可初步鉴定豌豆萌发期耐铝毒特性。通过综合评价和聚类分析,筛选出萌发期铝毒耐性极强的种质C175和C145,可作为豌豆铝毒耐性育种和耐性机制研究的重要资源。     

多重PCR检测耐除草剂转基因作物

为建立耐除草剂转基因作物的高通量检测方法,本试验以目前生产上广泛应用的5种除草剂抗性基因dmo、pat、CP4EPSPS、bar和aad1为靶标进行多重PCR(MPCR)研究。通过引物适用性测试、反应体系中的不同引物浓度和反应程序中的退火温度测试、灵敏度和特异性验证等,建立了能同时检测5种除草剂抗性基因的MPCR检测方法。结果表明,当dmo、pat、CP4EPSPS、bar、aad1基因的检测引物终浓度分别为0.2、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.2 μmol·L^-1,退火温度为63℃时5种靶标扩增效果较好,且特异性条带清晰且均一。此外,MPCR检测方法具有较好的特异性,对每种靶标的检测灵敏度均可达到0.1%。适用性测试结果显示,MPCR检测方法可对含有5种除草剂抗性基因的多种转基因作物的单个品系或多个品系混合物进行筛选检测。无假阳性和假阴性结果表明,MPCR检测方法对实际样品具有很好的适用性。本试验结果为筛选高效耐除草剂转基因作物检测技术提供了一定的理论依据。     

核桃细菌性黑斑病杀菌剂筛选及药效研究

本文以黄单胞杆菌Xanthomonas campestris pv.juglandis(Pierce Dowson)为供试菌株,选用不同浓度的13种杀菌剂进行室内毒力测定。结果表明:有10种药剂对该菌有一定的抑制效果,但只有5种杀菌剂能够产生明显的抑菌圈。其中,四霉素和链霉素的抑菌效果最强,最低抑菌浓度为0.165、3μg/mL,抑菌率为74.76%、69.23%,EC_(50)为12.764、35.318μg/mL。其他依次为乙蒜素、中生菌素和春雷霉素。选用这5种杀菌剂进行盆栽防治试验,四霉素和链霉素的平均防效达74.60%、71.69%,乙蒜素和中生菌素防效分别为65.98%、58.40%,春雷霉素防效最低为39.38%。其结果与室内基本一致。室内试验及盆栽试验结果表明四霉素、链霉素、乙蒜素、中生菌素和春雷霉素可作为防治核桃黑斑病的杀菌剂,其中四霉素为首选杀菌剂。     

The role of ear environment in postharvest susceptibility of maize to toxigenic Aspergillus flavus

A kernel screening assay (KSA) was used to assess the genetic and environmental effects on the vulnerability of maize to aflatoxin accumulation. Kernels of 26 inbred lines that had been grown in seven environments, and 190 lines of the Intermated B73xMo17 (IBM) population grown in one location in the United States, were inoculated with a toxigenic strain of A. flavus and incubated in the dark at 30°C for 6 days. Percent kernel colonization (PKC), sporulation and aflatoxin were influenced by the maize genotypes (G), the location (“ear environment” or E) and the GxE interactions. Overall, low broad‐sense heritabilities were observed for PKC, sporulation and aflatoxin. PKC was significantly correlated with sporulation in all environments. Aflatoxin was positively correlated with colonization for two and with sporulation for all ear environments. Higher grain sulphur or magnesium in IBM was associated with less colonization or aflatoxin. Postharvest susceptibility of maize to aflatoxin is thus influenced by factors that are modulated by the ear environment. In a KSA, sporulation could be a proxy test for aflatoxin accumulation.     

An artificial inoculation protocol for Uromycladium acaciae,cause of a serious disease of Acacia mearnsii in southern Africa

Uromycladium acaciae is the cause of a severe wattle rust epidemic in plantations of Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) in southern Africa. Research on the biology of this damaging rust is assisting in the development of control strategies. One strategy under investigation is the identification and deployment of resistant lines of A. mearnsii. Selection of resistant families currently relies on large-scale, time-consuming and expensive field trials. In this study, we present a detailed artificial inoculation protocol for U. acaciae, which can be used to screen for resistance. The results of an experiment that used the protocol to screen the relative resistance of 12 families of A. mearnsii to U. acaciae are also presented. The developed artificial inoculation protocol can also be used to investigate several other aspects of this host–pathogen system.