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1.
为了揭示蓟马为害后紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)叶片和茎秆细胞组织结构的变化及其与苜蓿耐害性的关系,本研究选用抗、感蓟马苜蓿无性系R-1和I-1,比较蓟马为害后苜蓿叶片和茎秆的显微结构及叶片超微结构的变化。结果表明,受害后,R-1和I-1苜蓿的组织结构有明显改变:叶片上下表皮细胞锯齿边缘消失,细胞显著隆起,气孔缩小,单位面积细胞和气孔数显著增加。在茎秆中,维管束间距和直径变小,维管束细胞减少,厚角组织宽度下降;表皮细胞变短变窄,细胞和气孔数明显增加。叶片栅栏组织细胞收缩,液泡变小,叶绿体淀粉粒变小或减少,叶绿体片层基粒增加,嗜锇体增多。健康R-1叶片上下表皮单位面积细胞和气孔数均少于I-1。受害后,R-1叶片上下表皮单位面积细胞数分别增加1.75和1.51倍,细胞增加倍数、叶绿体片层和基粒均多于I-1。受蓟马为害后,R-1组织结构的变化较I-1更显著。 相似文献
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Ruimin Chao Chengqiang Xia Caixia Pei Wenjie Huo Qiang Liu Chunxiang Zhang Youshe Ren 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(1):26-34
The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one-year-old and weighing 29.5 ± 7.1 kg) and six sheep (one-year-old and weighing 27.9 ± 2.7 kg) were used in this study, in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment. Total protozoa concentration was determined under the microscope; total fungi and methanogens were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as a percentage of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies; bacterial communities were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing. The percentage of fungi was significantly higher in alpacas than in sheep under the LS diet, while the concentration of protozoa was significantly lower in alpacas under HS, MS and LS diets. The alpha diversity including Shannon, Chao l and ACE indices of bacterial communities was higher in alpacas than in sheep, under the LS diet. A total of 299 genera belonging to 22 phyla were observed in the forestomach of alpaca and sheep, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating both animal species. Phyla Armatimonadetes and Fusobacteria, as well as 64 genera, were detected only in alpacas, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospira, as well as 44 genera, were found only in sheep. The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, including Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, was higher in alpacas than in sheep under all three diets. These differences in the forestomach microbial communities partly explained why alpacas displayed a higher poor-quality roughage digestibility, and a lower methane production. Results also revealed that the adverse effects of high-concentrate diets (70%) were lesser in alpacas than in sheep. 相似文献
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海茄砧1 号是以野生茄子自交系HZ09-5 为母本,以从越南引进的茄子品种自交系HZ10-2 为父本育成的高抗青枯
病樱桃番茄砧木品种。植株生长势较强,第1 雌花节位约为第7 节,花为紫色,果实卵圆形,青熟果淡绿紫色或淡绿色,果
萼绿色,果长7~9 cm,果宽4~6 cm,单果质量为50~60 g,种子千粒重为3.2 g 左右,种皮浅黄色,高抗青枯病。海茄砧
1 号与樱桃番茄的嫁接亲和性好,共生性强,嫁接苗成活率高。嫁接后的樱桃番茄果萼开展,果面有光泽,可明显改善果实
VC、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量等品质,提高产量。适宜华南地区樱桃番茄的嫁接栽培。 相似文献
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Effects of dietary protein to energy ratios on growth,body composition and digestive enzyme activities in Chinese mitten‐handed crab,Eriocheir sinensis 下载免费PDF全文
Yanyan Cui Qianqian Ma Samwel Mchele Limbu Zhenyu Du Nannan Zhang Erchao Li Liqiao Chen 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(5):2243-2252
This study aimed to determine the optimal protein to energy ratio (P/E ratio) and evaluate the effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth performance, body composition and digestive enzymes activities in Chinese mitten‐handed crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Nine practical diets containing three levels both for protein (DP 30%, 35% and 40%) and lipid (DL 2%, 7% and 12%) with P/E ratios ranging from 13.69 to 19.79 mg KJ?1 were fed to four replicates of crabs (3.39 ± 0.10 g) for 10 weeks. Weight gain increased significantly with the increase in DP level at each DL level. Moreover, weight gain increased in crabs fed with diets containing DL level from 2% to 12% and DP level from 30% to 35%. However, the diet containing 40% DP and 12% DL levels significantly decreased the growth performance and protein efficiency of the crabs. The whole crab and hepatopancreas lipid contents also increased as dietary lipid increased, but not dietary protein. The total protease activity increased significantly with the increase in dietary protein at each lipid level. The lipase activity was statistically comparable among different DL levels at each DP level. Taken together, the crab fed the diet containing 35% protein and 12% lipid levels with P/E 15.77 mg KJ?1 revealed optimal growth, feed utilization efficiency and digestive enzymes activities. Moreover, our study indicated that the higher dietary lipid level at a relatively lower dietary protein level could provide protein sparing effect in Eriocheir sinensis. 相似文献
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The breadmaking quality of wheat is affected by the composition of gluten proteins and the polymerisation of subunits that are synthesised and accumulated in developing wheat grain. The biological mechanisms and time course of these events during grain development are documented, but not widely confirmed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the accumulation of gluten protein subunits and the size distribution of protein aggregates during grain development. The effect of desiccation on the polymerisation of gluten proteins and the functional properties of gluten were also studied. The results showed that the size of glutenin polymers remained consistently low until yellow ripeness (YR), while it increased during grain desiccation after YR. Hence, this polymerisation process was presumed to be initiated by desiccation. A similar polymerisation event was also observed when premature grains were dried artificially. The composition of gluten proteins, the ratios of glutenin to gliadin and high molecular weight-glutenin subunits to low molecular weight-glutenin subunits, in premature grain after artificial desiccation showed close association with the size of glutenin polymers in artificially dried grain. Functional properties of gluten in these samples were also associated with polymer size after artificial desiccation. 相似文献