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1.
马超  李晓慧  班甜甜  梁蝶 《作物杂志》2021,37(5):166-22
为明确有机栽培与常规栽培蔬菜的营养品质差异,以大白菜、生菜和黄瓜为研究对象,采用基质盆栽分析对比2种栽培方式下蔬菜营养物质(蛋白质、可溶性糖、总氨基酸)、维生素原类(胡萝卜素、维生素C、类黄酮)、风味物质(单宁、苹果酸、酒石酸)、矿质元素(Fe、Zn、Mn)以及硝酸盐与农药残留含量的差异。结果表明,有机栽培蔬菜的蛋白质、可溶性糖、氨基酸、类胡萝卜素、维生素C、类黄酮、苹果酸、Fe和Zn等有益营养物质的含量显著高于常规栽培蔬菜,相反,有机栽培蔬菜的单宁、Mn及硝酸盐含量显著低于常规栽培蔬菜,且3种常规栽培蔬菜中均检测到农药残留,其中大白菜和生菜的农药残留大大超过限量标准。由此可见,采用有机栽培方式种植的蔬菜不仅有益营养物质显著优于常规栽培蔬菜,而且其有害物明显低于常规栽培蔬菜。  相似文献   
2.
为监测农业环境中有机磷农药的残留,从种养源头管控农产品安全,基于锆离子和1,2,4,5-四(4-羧苯基)苯(H-4-TCPB)合成了蓝色荧光金属-有机框架材料(MOFs)Zr-TCPB,并与红色荧光量子点QDs组装成双荧光QDs@MOFs复合物,基于Zr-TCPB对有机磷农药特异性荧光淬灭效应,构建比例型荧光化学传感器系统,实现了有机磷农药的快速、灵敏、可视化检测。甲基对硫磷与对硫磷的检测限(LOD)分别为1.9μg/L和4.9μg/L,线性检测范围为0.005~2mg/L。研究表明,该荧光分析法能有效用于农业环境水样中甲基对硫磷及对硫磷的现场快速测定,甲基对硫磷回收率为93.23%~116.46%,平均相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.29%,对硫磷回收率为92.52%~107.83%,平均RSD为5.74%。该方法在环境样品农药残留快速监测方面具有巨大的应用价值。  相似文献   
3.
建立了水果中甲基异柳磷农药残留的气相色谱-质谱仪检测方法。水果样品用乙腈匀浆提取,盐析离心后,取上清液,经固相萃取柱净化,用乙腈-甲苯溶液(3+1)洗脱农药及相关化学品,溶剂交换后用安捷伦7890B-7000D气质联用仪检测。结果表明,空白样品加标回收率范围为88.6%~112.8%,相对标准偏差小于10%,甲基异柳磷的检出限为0.001 mg/kg。该方法操作简便、准确、灵敏、重现性强、回收率高、基质干扰少,适用于农药残留量的测定。  相似文献   
4.
Amino sugars, as a kind of microbial residue, are strongly associated with cycling of microbial-derived soil organic matter. However, responses of amino sugars to agricultural practices on the Loess Plateau in North-western China are poorly known. The objective was to evaluate effects of film mulching (no film mulching + NPK fertilizers, CK; film mulching + NPK fertilizers, PF; film mulching + NPK fertilizers + cow manure, FM) on accumulations of amino sugars in this region. FM significantly increased total amino sugar by 190.46 mg kg?1 in 0–10 cm layer and 214.66 mg kg?1 in 10–20 cm layer relative to CK, but PF significantly decreased it by 139.28 mg kg?1 in 0–10 cm layer. Ratios of glucosamine to muramic acid were markedly decreased by 2.50 in 0–10 cm layer and 2.28 in 10–20 cm layer in FM than CK, suggesting a tendency of microbial residues pool shift towards bacterial residues in this agroecosystem. These results indicated film mulching alone was not benefitial to accumulation of amino sugar while organic manure contributed to the build-up of amino sugar partly due to manure contained microbial residues. The different patterns of amino sugars suggested significant changes in the quality of microbial-derived organic matter.  相似文献   
5.
为验证一种氨基酸有机肥降解农药残留效果,进行不同施用量试验,分析菠菜中农残的降解动态。结果表明,该有机肥对菠菜中毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯、百菌清、氧乐果、甲胺磷等5种农药具有较好的促进降解作用;450 ml/666m2 施用量效果最佳,在96 h可以实现高效氯氰菊酯、氧乐果、甲胺磷未检出;该氨基酸有机肥可作为蔬菜绿色高产高效生产的有效手段。  相似文献   
6.
7.
高寒区农茬口对当归田杂草群落特征的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
农田杂草危害是高寒区当归生产的主要限制因子。采用田间调查和统计鉴定相结合的方法,研究了甘南藏族自治州卓尼县培育的马铃薯和油菜茬口当归栽培田杂草群落动态,以当归重茬为对照,旨在揭示茬口特性对当归田杂草消长动态的影响,为筛选适宜栽培当归的农茬口和田间杂草防控提供科学依据。结果表明,在试验茬口当归田共发生杂草15种,隶属9科15属,主要优势种群为锦葵、欧洲千里光、苦苣、繁缕、刺儿菜和甘露子。当归田杂草种类、密度、多样性和生物量因茬口和季节的不同而异,季相消长跃变程度更大,随季节延后杂草多样性下降,优势种杂草利用资源的相似性更高,锦葵和欧洲千里光随当归返青而滋生,随当归生长发育而迅速蔓延,成为占优势的恶性杂草,对当归的危害性最大,导致杂草群落稳定性降低,在当归重茬和马铃薯茬田单生优势度更为突出,优势杂草潜在恶化危害性增大,但在油菜茬田杂草生长量最小,与当归生长竞争势较弱,使当归始终占据优势生态位,说明油菜茬口较利于当归栽培,但根据恶性杂草物候特征及早防除更为关键。  相似文献   
8.
With increasing demand for sustainable production, the need to effectively utilise site-based resources increases. One such resource is the remaining crop residues, both above and below ground, after harvest. In order to assess the magnitude of this resource, this study determined the plant nutrient contribution of residues from 17 different crops in seven different regions of Slovakia over a nine-year period. The soil profile 0.0–0.3?m was taken into account at belowground residues sampling. The results showed that winter rape, mustard, corn maize, triticale, winter rye with straw and sunflower left the most residues, exceeding 8 tons of dry biomass per hectare. Root crops (sugar beet, potatoes) and peas left less than 3 tons of residual dry biomass per hectare. Using these data, the nutrient potential coefficient, i.e. the amount of nutrients left by production of one ton of the main product was calculated by polynomial regression. With these coefficients and the known yield of a given crop, it was possible to calculate how much nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium each crop leaves in the soil after harvest. It was found that the amount of nitrogen left ranged from 20 to 132?kg, phosphorus from 2 to 24?kg and potassium from 13 to 218?kg per hectare. This has to be taken into account when calculating the fertiliser requirement of the subsequent crop in order to achieve better resource utilisation, thereby reducing the risk of eutrophication and improving farm profits by reducing expenditure on fertiliser.  相似文献   
9.
建立香蕉中噻唑膦的超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)残留测定方法。香蕉样品采用乙腈提取和PSA+C18分散固相萃取,采用UPLC-MS/MS多反应模式(MRM)进行分析测定。噻唑膦在添加水平0.01~1.0 mg/kg范围内,平均回收率为94.3%~107.5%,相对标准偏差为7.9%~11.0%。采用外标法定量,方法的检出限为0.001μg/m L,定量限为0.005 mg/kg。该方法简单、准确、重复性较好且节省溶剂,适用于香蕉中噻唑膦的残留检测。  相似文献   
10.
This study was conducted to evaluate whether biochar, produced by pyrolysis at 300°C from rice husk and grape pomace (GP), affects plant growth, P uptake and nutrient status. A 3-month period of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivation was studied on two Mediterranean agricultural soils. Treatments comprised control soils amended only with compost or biochar, and combinations of biochar plus compost, with the addition of all nutrients but P (FNoP) or without any fertilization at all (NoF). Application of both types of biochar or/with compost, in the presence of inorganic fertilization except P, significantly increased (< 0.05) dry matter yield of ryegrass (58.9–77.6%), compared with control, in sandy loam soil, although no statistically significant increase was observed in loam soil. GP biochar and GP biochar plus compost amended loam soil harvests gave higher P uptake than control, in the presence of inorganic fertilization except P, whereas in sandy loam soil, a statistical increase was recorded only in the last harvest. In addition, Mn and Fe uptake increased with the addition of the amendments in both soils, while Ca increased only in the alkaline loam soil. Biochar addition could enhance ryegrass yield and P uptake, although inorganic fertilization along with soil condition should receive special attention.  相似文献   
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