Cotton Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on Fusion Method of Markov Random Field and Quantum Particle Swarm Cluster

[Objective] The aim of this study was to improve the cotton image segmentation accuracy in a picking robot image processing system. [Method] An image segmentation algorithm based on a fusion method of Markov random field and quantum particle swarm optimization clustering was proposed. The process of the proposed algorithm is as follows: first, transform the RGB (red, green, blue) images into grayscale; second, use it to segment these images; finally, the threshold of the connected area is set on the basis of the segmented image to obtain the target area. Then, the cotton front image and the cotton side image are selected from the images collected from different angles. The segmentation experiment was carried out by using this algorithm, and compared with the Otsu algorithm, the fuzzy C-means algorithm, the quantum particle swarm image segmentation algorithm and the Markov random field image segmentation algorithm. [Result] The results showed that the segmentation accuracy and peak signal to noise ratio of the proposed algorithm were 98.94% and 77.48 dB. When compared with the Otsu algorithm, fuzzy C-means algorithm, quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm and Markov random field algorithm, the average segmentation accuracy and peak signal to noise ratio of the proposed algorithm increased by 2.47%–4.56%, and 9.81–13.11 dB, respectively. [Conclusion] The proposed algorithm had higher segmentation accuracy and higher peak signal to noise ratio than the other algorithms tested.     

自适应最大相关峭度反褶积方法诊断齿轮轴承复合故障

为了解决传统最大相关峭度反褶积(maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution,MCKD)在故障诊断中容易出现因参数选择不当而影响诊断效果的问题,该文提出了一种基于量子遗传算法(quantum genetic algorithm,QGA)的自适应最大相关峭度反褶积方法(maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution with quantum genetic algorithm,QMCKD)用于齿轮和轴承复合故障诊断。通过量子遗传算法自适应选择最大相关峭度反褶积的2个关键参数滤波器长度(L)和反褶积周期(T)。使用QMCKD处理原始振动信号,提取复合故障信号中的所有单个故障信号,分别对单个故障信号进行频谱分析从而识别故障特征。在对齿面磨损-滚动轴承外圈损伤复合故障诊断中,QMCKD能够识别齿轮故障频率及其2～4倍频,识别轴承故障频率及其2～6倍频,且主要频率成分周围干扰谱线很少,故障类型容易识别。与直接频谱分析和变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)相比,该方法在诊断效果上具有优越性。在对齿根裂纹-轴承滚动体损伤复合故障诊断中,QMCKD能够突出齿轮故障频率及其2～5倍频,突出轴承故障频率及其2～8倍频,齿轮和轴承故障特征明显,验证了方法的稳定性。试验结果表明QMCKD能够有效识别复合故障中齿轮和轴承的故障特征,可用于齿轮箱的齿轮、轴承复合故障诊断。     

阳光紫外辐射对2种微藻的短期影响

为了阐明2种赤潮藻柔弱角毛藻(Chaetoceros debilis)和绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)对阳光紫外辐射( UVR,280～400 nm)变化的响应,比较研究了它们在全波段阳光下和滤除UVR/UV-B条件下的有效光化学效率变化,同时探讨了室内无UVR的低光条件下其有效光化学效率的恢复.结果表明,阳光UVR抑制藻细胞的有效光化学效率,其抑制程度随着接受辐射处理时间的延长而增大,在10 min左右细胞内的修复与损伤速率达到平衡,抑制率不变,且阳光UVR对二种藻的抑制程度相差不大.转移到无UVR的弱光条件下,藻细胞的有效光化学效率得到恢复,但恢复过程中柔弱角毛藻恢复明显快于绿色巴夫藻,体现了不同藻细胞对阳光UVR响应的种间差异.     

小麦面粉中赭曲霉毒素A的CdSe/ZnS荧光量子点免疫探针检测

构建一种基于荧光量子点免疫探针的小麦面粉中赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)的检测方法。以EDC为活化剂将CdSe/ZnS半导体荧光量子点与OTA单克隆抗体偶联,制备OTA检测探针并评价其检测性能。结果表明:制备的检测探针在3d保存期内具有良好的稳定性。当OTA质量浓度为0.1~0.9μg/L时,检测探针的荧光强度与OTA质量浓度呈线性关系,其相关系数为0.996 3,检出限为0.017 7μg/L。与国标法对照的结果说明,此方法具有可行性。小麦面粉中的加标回收试验结果显示,OTA的回收率为96.0%~102.7%,相对标准偏差不超过4.1%,说明准确性良好。可见,OTA的CdSe/ZnS荧光量子点免疫探针检测方法操作简单、准确度高、结果稳定,有望应用于小麦面粉中OTA的检测。     

基于氧化石墨烯生物免疫传感器检测副溶血弧菌的研究

副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)是最为严重的水产动物致病菌之一,准确即时的检测手段是预防控制该菌传播的关键所在.通过量子点(QDs)标记副溶血弧菌鞭毛蛋白抗体(Ab),利用生物免疫传感器技术实现副溶血弧菌的快速、特异性检测.结果显示,QDs-Ab的荧光通过加入氧化石墨烯(G0)产生淬灭,构建了捕获目标细菌的探针,氧化石墨烯最适淬灭浓度为60 ng/ml.细菌捕获探针中加入副溶血弧菌后,能够检测到重新恢复强度的绿色荧光.副溶血弧菌的检出限达到104 CFU/mL.针对副溶血弧菌设计的生物免疫传感器的特异性,选取灿烂弧菌、溶藻胶弧菌、迟缓爱德华氏菌和嗜水气单胞菌作为对照,结果显示,对照组不能明显引起荧光强度的改变,而试验组却能显著提高荧光强度.该研究建立的基于荧光能量共振转移(FRET)的具有高灵敏度和特异性的生物传感器检测方法在细菌的早期诊断中有良好的应用潜质.     

模拟冷链温度波动对CdTe量子点荧光淬灭性能的影响

为了探索CdTe量子点在冷链储运过程中的荧光淬灭性能,分别研究了贮藏温度(25、4、-5和-20℃)、温度波动幅度(4℃波动至25℃和40℃)以及波动频率(每30min和60min波动)等因素对其的影响程度.研究结果表明,贮藏温度及时间对量子点荧光淬灭有显著影响(P＜0.05),贮藏温度越高,量子点荧光淬灭速度越快;冷链环境模拟试验发现冷链温度波动幅度越大、波动频率越高,量子点荧光淬灭速度越快,这与食品品质变化特点极其相似;且贮藏温度、温度波动幅度和频率对量子点HSV值有显著影响.研究结论表明,CdTe量子点在食品冷链储运监控方面具有一定的应用潜力.     

基于纳米材料的免疫层析试纸在兽药残留检测中的应用

兽药残留是食品安全的重要影响因素,开发兽药残留检测方法是保证食品安全的重要手段。免疫层析试纸是一种操作简单、生产成本低且具有良好灵敏度的检测方法,适用于现场检测、大规模食品筛选,在兽药残留检测中具有巨大的应用价值。纳米材料可提供特殊的检测信号,是影响免疫层析试纸检测灵敏度和定量分析的关键因素。文章主要对胶体金、磁性纳米材料、量子点以及时间分辨荧光微球这几种纳米标记材料进行介绍,指出各自的优缺点及应用情况,并对该技术在兽药残留检测中的应用趋势进行展望。     

温度对大叶桃花心木(Swietenia macrophylla King)幼苗叶片的光合影响

本文研究了大叶桃花心木（Swietenia macrophylla King）一年生幼苗在经过夜温处理后的光响应曲线和在饱和光强下的CO2反应曲线.结果表明:在大气CO2浓度下,叶片的最佳光合作用温度在25-31℃之间,而在饱和CO2浓度下为31-35℃.在25℃以下光合速率开始降低,主要是由于羧化效率的降低,而当温度超过31℃时,光合速率下降,是因为羧化效率的降低和呼吸速率的增加.CO2浓度对光合的促进作用在低温下受到抑制,这意味着未来在CO2浓度增高的情况下,高浓度的CO2对热带常绿植物光合的促进在冬天低温情况下表现不十分明显.图4参23.     

几种乡土树种光合生理特性研究

采用美国LI—COR公司生产的LI—6400便携式光合测定系统对几种乡土树种的光合生理特性进行了研究。结果表明:①椿叶花椒、构树、臭椿和翅荚木的光补偿点分别为45.8、40.5、36.4和17.8μmol/(m2.s),光饱和点分别为607.3、624.9、573.4和373.8μmol/(m2.s),表观量子利用效率分别为0.055 7、0.046 6、0.044 1和0.047 0;②CO2补偿点分别为91.3、77.3、83.1和81.5μmol/mol,CO2饱和点分别为1 668.2、1 077.9、1 518.1和1 251.7μmol/mol,羧化效率分别为0.071 2、0.081 9、0.087 2和0.072 7;③4个树种的光合能力为椿叶花椒>构树>臭椿>翅荚木。     

Simultaneous measurements of quantum yield and CO2 uptake for the assessment of non-assimilative electron flow in tree leaves

Using attached and detached leaves ofAcer palmatum Thunb. andRhaphiolepsis umbellata Makino, pulse-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and CO₂ exchange were measured. Quantum yield of photosynthesis was determined from the fluorescence parameter(Fm′−Fs)/Fm′, where (Fm′−Fs) was defined as the difference between steady state chlorophyll fluorescence (Fs) and maximum fluorescence (Fm′) elicited by a saturating light pulse. The rate of electron transport through photosystem II (total electron flow) was calculated from the product of quantum yield andA (PFD), whereA is the rate of absorbed photons as given by leaf absorptance, and PFD is the photon flux density at the leaf surface. The rate of electron transport dependant on CO₂ uptake (assimilative electron flow) was calculated from the gross photosynthetic rate in a leaf. The difference between the rates of total and assimilative electron transport was denoted as the rate of non-assimilative electron transport which depends on photorespiration and oxygen reduction. Available data provided quantitative information on the rate of non-assimilative electron flow in intact leaves. When leaf photosynthesis ofA. palmatum was measured under sunlight, the rates of total and assimilative electron transport were determined to be approximately 900 and 150 μmol equiv. e/mg Chl·h, respectively. The difference (750 μmol equiv. e/mg Chl·h) was attributed to the activity of non-assimilative electron flow. The ratio of total to assimilative electron flow was found to increase gradually with rising in irradiance. The results suggest that non-assimilative electron flow occurred at much higher rate than assimilative electron flow at high irradiance. Implications of the results are briefly discussed in relation to photosynthesis limitation in tree leaves.