广州地区芥蓝、菜心和普通白菜中丙环唑和矮壮素残留及膳食暴露风险

为探明广州地区丙环唑和矮壮素在叶菜的残留以及膳食暴露风险情况,对2016年第2季度广州市9个区农贸市场和超市的芥蓝、菜心和普通白菜样品中丙环唑和矮壮素残留水平进行了分析。应用点评估和基于@Risk评估软件的概率评估方法 ,对这3种蔬菜中丙环唑和矮壮素残留膳食暴露风险进行了研究。结果显示,芥蓝、菜心、普通白菜中丙环唑残留均值为0.162 8~0.002 8 mg/kg,最高为芥蓝,与菜心和普通白菜差异显著,平均检出率为100%~70.25%,最高为芥蓝,与普通白菜差异显著。矮壮素残留平均值为0.010 9~0.001 0 mg/kg,最高为菜心,三者间差异不显著,平均检出率为14.99%~8.46%,最高为芥蓝,三者间差异不显著。通过膳食摄入3种蔬菜,丙环唑残留暴露急性风险熵为1.81~7.93,99%人群暴露慢性风险熵为1.02~25.03,0.1%人群存在芥蓝丙环唑膳食暴露慢性风险;矮壮素残留暴露急性风险熵为55.14~62.26,100%人群暴露慢性风险熵为3.26~8.11。3种蔬菜中丙环唑和矮壮素残留膳食暴露风险在可接受范围。     

Fixation Property of Copper Triazole Wood Preservatives

According to AWPA E11-2006 standard,copper fixation rates of several copper-based formulations,such as ammoniacal copper,amine copper,and ammoniacal-ethanolamine copper,as well as alkaline copper quaternary(ACQ),were tested and compared in this paper.And the fixation rates of tebuconazole(TEB) and propiconazole(PPZ) in several formulations,such as copper azole,emulsified type and solvent type,were also compared.The determination of copper content in the leachate was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrom...     

丙环唑·嘧菌酯在玉米和土壤中的残留分析

经过对样品前处理过程的研究和优化,建立了丙环唑和嘧菌酯的气相色谱分析方法。样品经乙腈水溶液提取分配后,用弗罗里硅土小柱净化,采用气相色谱(μ-ECD)测定。方法中目标物在50~2 000μg·L-1浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数分别为0.999 1和0.999 4。在5,50,200μg·kg-13个添加浓度水平下,平均加标回收率在79.2%~110.9%之间,相对标准偏差不大于15%。该方法可灵敏、简便、快速地测定玉米中丙环唑和嘧菌酯的残留。     

丙环唑对水稻恶苗病菌(Fusarium fujikuroi)生物活性研究

 丙环唑是一种具有广谱活性的三唑类杀菌剂。本研究首次采用菌丝生长速率法建立了浙江省绍兴市、江苏省淮安市和黑龙江省尚志市不同地区的80株水稻恶苗病原菌(Fusarium fujikuroi)对丙环唑的敏感性基线,测定了丙环唑对水稻恶苗病菌的生理影响和对水稻的安全性。结果表明: 丙环唑对水稻恶苗病菌菌丝生长的有效抑制中浓度(EC₅₀值)范围在0.029 8~0.211 0 μg·mL^-1,EC₅₀平均值为(0.106 7 ± 0.004 4) μg·mL^-1。水稻恶苗病菌经0.1 μg·mL^-1(EC₅₀平均值)或3 μg·mL^-1(EC₉₀平均值)丙环唑处理后,分生孢子产量显著降低,细胞膜通透性显著升高;3 μg·mL^-1丙环唑不影响水稻恶苗病菌细胞核的分布与定位,但可以使细胞壁缢缩,菌丝顶端膨大,破坏水稻恶苗病菌细胞膜和细胞器。丙环唑浓度为不超过200 μg·mL^-1时,对水稻种子发芽率和株高无显著影响,同时可显著增加水稻鲜重;当浓度为500 μg·mL^-1时,对水稻种子发芽率、株高和鲜重均无显著性影响;当浓度达到1 000 μg·mL^-1时,发芽率显著降低但株高和鲜重无显著性差异;水稻种子发芽长度随丙环唑浓度升高而降低。本研究明确了丙环唑对水稻恶苗病菌的生物活性和对水稻的安全性,为丙环唑防治水稻恶苗病提供了指导,并进一步加深对丙环唑作用机理的认识。     

苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑乳油气相色谱分析

本文介绍了采用气相色谱法用HP-5毛细管柱,以邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯为内标物,氢火焰离子化检测器对苯醚甲环唑.丙环唑乳油进行定量分析。结果表明,苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑的线性相关系数为1.000 0、0.999 9;平均回收率为99.87%、99.98%;标准偏差为0.12、0.04;变异系数为0.82%、0.28%。     

Tank-mix adjuvants and pesticide residues: some regulatory and quantitative aspects

Although it is well known that judicious use of adjuvants can increase the performance of foliage-applied sprays of many agrochemicals, little information is available in the public domain about their ultimate effects on pesticide residues in treated crops. In the present work, the influence of Agral (polyoxyethylene nonylphenols), Toil (methyl esters of rapeseed fatty acids) and Bond (styrene-butadiene copolymers) on surface and crop residues of diclofop-methyl/diclofop and propiconazole in wheat and field beans was investigated using a model system simulating field practice. Pesticides were applied as commercial formulations, diclofop-methyl 378 g litre(-1) EC (Hoegrass) and propiconazole 250 g litre(-1) EC (Tilt), at their maximum approved rates, 1135 g AI ha(-1) and 125 g AI ha(-1), respectively, both in the presence or absence of the maximum rate recommended for each candidate adjuvant. No detectable residues of diclofop-methyl or propiconazole were found in wheat 35 days after any of the four applications. However, residues of diclofop were present in this crop, and those from applications containing Agral (0.07 mg kg(-1) fresh weight (FW)) or Bond (0.08 mg kg(-1) FW) were significantly lower than those with no adjuvant (0.14 mg kg(-1) FW) or Toil (0.16 mg kg(-1) FW). Unlike wheat, residues of both diclofop and propiconazole were detected in field beans after harvest. Significantly higher residues of the former were recorded from the applications with Agral or Bond (ca 0.32 mg kg(-1) FW) than with those with no adjuvant or Toil (ca 0.15mg kg(-1) FW). All the propiconazole applications containing adjuvants showed a similar significant increase in residues (0.10-0.16 mg AI kg(-1) FW) over the no-adjuvant treatment (0.05 mg kg(-1) FW) in this crop. There appeared to be little agreement between the apparent amounts of uptake, as indicated by the rates of decline of surface residues up to 5 days after application, and final residues in either target species. On wheat, surface residues of diclofop-methyl decreased from initially ca 20 to as little as 0.02 mg kg(-1) FW using adjuvants; the corresponding values for propiconazole were ca 2 to ca 0.03 mg kg(-1) FW. Recoveries of diclofop-methyl from the surfaces of field beans were much higher than those from wheat, declining from ca 30 to only ca 6 mg kg(-1) FW during the course of 5 days; the corresponding residues for propiconazole were ca 2 mg to 0.15 mg kg(-1) FW. These findings are discussed in relation to uptake results obtained with radiolabelled pesticides and adjuvants in the laboratory, and to the mandatory requirements for pesticide residue data for the authorised use of adjuvants in the UK.     

18.7%丙环·嘧菌酯对水稻纹枯病的防治效果

2015年,在中国主要水稻种植区安徽、湖北、江苏、广东和广西等地进行18.7 %丙环·嘧菌酯的水稻纹枯病防治示范试验。结果表明,18.7 %丙环·嘧菌酯在600-750 mL/hm2使用剂量下,纹枯病发病初期(丛发病率达5 %左右)时用药1次,隔10 d再用药第2次,对纹枯病的防治效果突出,且显著优于对照,对水稻安全,具有明显的增产效果。     

四种常用三唑类杀菌剂在香蕉上残留行为及使用评价研究

采用田间试验研究了戊唑醇、氟环唑、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑等4种常用三唑类杀菌剂在香蕉上的残留行为, 并比较了戊唑醇在套袋与不套袋情况下的最终残留量。研究结果表明：香蕉上戊唑醇、氟环唑、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑的降解半衰期分别为10.8~14.1、8.1~9.5、7.9~12.9、9.4~15.6 d。在试验剂量条件下, 末次施药后42 d时, 戊唑醇(不套袋)、戊唑醇(套袋)、氟环唑、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑在蕉肉中的残留量分别为：0.01~0.04、<0.01、0.01~0.08、≤0.01 mg/kg和0.02~0.07 mg/kg; 在全蕉上的残留量分别为0.05~0.47、<0.01、0.10~0.36、0.03~0.19 mg/kg 和0.05~0.32 mg/kg。香蕉果肉占全果的比例约为55%~75 %, 全果的残留量约为果肉2~19倍, 表明香蕉中戊唑醇、氟环唑、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑主要残存在果皮上。戊唑醇防治香蕉叶斑病, 在套袋情况下可以显著地减少其在收获期香蕉上的残留。     

固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定白术中井冈霉素和丙环唑残留量

建立固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE/UPLC-MS/MS)检测白术鲜样及干样中井冈霉素和丙环唑残留的分析方法。样品经甲醇/水(9∶1,V/V)提取,Oasis HLB和 Cleanert AQ C18固相萃取小柱净化,HSS T3 超高效液相色谱柱进行分离,电喷雾正离子多重反应监测(MRM)模式进行测定。结果表明:浓度在0.000 1~0.1 mg·L^-1 范围内,井冈霉素和丙环唑在溶剂及基质中的峰面积与其对应的质量浓度间线性关系良好,R²≥0.999 6。在添加 0.01、0.5、5.0 mg·kg^-1 标准品浓度下,井冈霉素在白术中的添加回收率为72.4%~85.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.89%~6.20%;在添加0.005、0.1、1.0 mg·kg^-1标准品浓度下,丙环唑在白术中的添加回收率为88.1%~98.9%,RSD为1.4%~4.8%。井冈霉素和丙环唑在白术中的定量限(LOQ)分别为0.01 mg·kg^-1和0.005 mg·kg^-1。通过对实际样品的检测,表明该方法操作简单,重复性好,准确度、精密度及检出限均可满足农药残留分析要求。     

高效液相色谱测定多菌灵及三唑处理材的流失性能

为改善竹木制品的防霉防变色性能,及提高处理药剂的抗流失性,采用多菌灵(CBZ)、多菌灵与三唑化合物的混合溶液,分别处理马尾松试材后,在试材表面涂刷不同的疏水剂.采用高效液相色谱法,测定处理材中CBZ、三唑化合物的流失性能.结果表明,涂刷疏水剂后,处理材中CBZ、三唑的固着率显著提高,其中水性清漆的改善效果最好.