The priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap of summer maize in the north of Huang-Huai-Hai region,China

Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. In this study, we conducted field experiments using different planting modes, which were basic productivity(CK), farmer practice(FP), high yield and high efficiency(HH), and super high yield(SH), to estimate the yield gap. Different factorial experiments(fertilizer, planting density, hybrids, and irrigation) were also conducted to evaluate the priority of individual management factors for reducing the yield gap between the different planting modes. We found significant differences between the maize yields of different planting modes. The treatments of CK, FP, HH, and SH achieved 54.26, 58.76, 65.77, and 71.99% of the yield potential, respectively. The yield gaps between three pairs: CK and FP, FP and HH, and HH and SH, were 0.76, 1.23 and 0.85 t ha~(–1), respectively. By further analyzing the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap between FP and HH, as well as HH and SH, we found that the priorities of the management factors(contribution rates) were plant density(13.29%)fertilizer(11.95%)hybrids(8.19%)irrigation(4%) for FP to HH, and hybrids(8.94%)plant density(4.84%)fertilizer(1.91%) for HH to SH. Therefore, increasing the planting density of FP was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between FP and HH, while choosing hybrids with density and lodging tolerance was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between HH and SH.     

The genetic diversity and structure of 18 sheep breeds exposed to isolation and selection

The phylogenetic layout of the genotyped (30 microsatellite) 18 sheep breeds in this study demands and provides the opportunity to evaluate both neutral and adaptive components of genetic diversity in a naturally and artificially selected and subdivided sheep population. Seven Pramenka strains from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia characterized by a very low intensity of artificial selection, preserved the highest neutral genetic variability. Eight central and north‐western European breeds under considerable artificial isolation and selection preserved the lowest genetic variability. Only combinations of various phylogenetic parameters offer a reasonable explanation for underlying evolutionary forces working in the investigated island and mainland sheep breeds under variable natural and artificial selection. More than 60% of total genetic, diversity was allocated to virtually unselected Pramenka strains, and an additional 25% to native moderately selected Graue Gehoernte Heidschnucke and intensively selected Ostfriesische Milchschafe. Some economically very important breeds and strains did not contribute to a pool with maximal genetic diversity, while they play an important role in the cultural heritage of respective countries.     

The Buyer Cancellation Claim and the Tenant Priority Claim in Auction--Analyzing the Disputes in An Auction Case

Two problems often appear in estate auction.The first is to whom the buyer can claim cancellation of the contract,if he can't get the estate.The second is whether the tenant can still claim his priority to the estate.In auction,we can't use the principle of agency,fiduciary and mediation to explain the relations among client,auctioneer and buyer,because it doesn't accord with the auction practices and the Action Law section 40.The undisclosed agency in Contract Law may be an adapt explanation to the relations.According to the law hermeneutic,we should narrow the scopes of the tenant priority and exclude it from auction.     

城市交叉口公交优先信号协调模式探讨

对混合交通条件下基本车道饱和流量的各影响因素进行了分析,对比基本车道饱和流量影响因素修正方法,给出了基本车道饱和流量及各类车道通用校正系数常用计算方法。分析了公交车在连线上的运行特性,基于单点定时式公交优先信号配时模型,以人均延误最小为目标,建立了定时式两相邻交叉口公交优先信号协调配时模型;基于以人总延误最小为目标建立了定周期两相邻交叉口公交优先信号协调配时模型。利用实际调查数据,采用仿真分析方法验证本文提出的混合交通条件下定时式两相邻交叉口公交优先信号协调配时模型的正确性。     

基于GIS的三江源地区物种多样性保护优先性分析

根据我们的多次科考调查和青海省对野生动物的调查结果等有关资料图件,对三江源地区的物种多样性和人类干扰因素等进行了分析和评估。选择9种鸟类、15种哺乳动物、20种植物作为本研究的指示物种,利用GIS制作了主要的珍稀濒危野生动植物分布图。选择放牧、人口、居民点、公路等因素作为生物多样性的主要干扰因素,制作出三江源地区干扰强度空间分布图。然后根据物种的丰富度和特有性、脆弱性和干扰程度等指标分析了三江源地区物种多样性保护优先性地区,做出了物种多样性保护优先地区空间分布图。     

最大熵技术分析湖南汽车工业发展优序

运用最大熵技术对湖南汽车工业部分重点企业进行了优序分析，并以此为基础，探讨了湖南汽车工业应优先发展的产品，针对性地提出了加快发展湖南汽车工业的若干建议。     

物种优先效应对植物群落构建的影响及其生态恢复意义

植物群落构建是退化生态系统恢复中的关键生态学过程,但如何定向培育植物群落以加快生态系统过程与功能的恢复仍是当前亟待解决的关键问题。优先效应是指在植物群落重塑中,早期到达物种对随后到达物种的建植、生长及繁殖等产生促进、抑制或无影响的现象,其对群落结构调整、功能维持及演替动态等过程起到重要的调控作用,在植物群落的人为构建中具有不可忽视的作用。当前此类研究主要集中于北美和欧洲国家,用于解决外来物种入侵、多样性保护、植被建设与管理等问题,而在我国的研究尚十分少见。本研究通过文献检索分析,综述了物种优先效应的研究现状,归纳了其主要驱动因素、响应机制及量化方法等内容。结果表明：优先效应的大小和方向受物种特性、组装顺序、环境条件及相互作用等多种因素影响;两个主要的驱动机制为生态位抢占和生态位修饰;存在研究区域较为局限,试验观测时间短,生物与非生物因素的交互研究少及理论支持缺乏等问题。本研究结合我国退化植被恢复的迫切需求,提出了未来的研究方向,以期为今后相关研究提供借鉴,为我国生态恢复工作提供新思路。     

南方三省(区)南洋楹气候区划的研究

选择纬度、经度以及16个与水热状况有关的气象因子进行R型主成分分析,用前5个主成分坐标值进行模糊ISODATA聚类分析,将研究区划分为3类;用逐步判别分析建立了各类的判别函数式,回判准确率为91.81%;结合模糊相似优先比的结果,将研究区区划为南洋楹适宜发展区、南洋次适宜发展和南洋楹控制发展区3个气候区.     

南方五省（区）火炬松气候适宜性的研究

本文选取纬度、年平均气温和年均降水量３个与火炬松生长发育密切相关的因子，用模糊相似优先比的方法对研究区火炬松的气候适宜性进行研究，进而将研究区区划为火炬松气候适宜区、火炬松气候次适宜区和火炬松气候不适宜区３个气候生态区．     

河北省林业重点工程区后续产业发展的思考

随着河北省林业重点工程的实施,林业重点工程区后续产业发展取得了很大成就,但同时也存在着许多突出的问题。针对这些问题,文章提出了加快河北省林业重点工程区后续产业发展的思路与对策。