八种中草药体外抑制大肠杆菌的效果观察

选取马尾松、田基黄、艾草、雷公根、芭蕉芯、浮萍、野菊花、番石榴叶8种中草药，采用常规中草药药敏试验打孔法和试管法对猪大肠杆菌（K88）、大肠杆菌（0157）进行体外抑菌试验。结果显示，艾草、野菊花、番石榴叶对大肠杆菌呈高度敏感，其中艾草对大肠杆菌抑菌力最强；马尾松挥发油对大肠杆菌呈中度敏感；田基黄、雷公根、芭蕉芯、浮萍对大肠杆菌无抑菌作用。     

Stoffbildung, CO2-Gaswechsel, Kohlenhydrat- und Stickstoffgehalt von Winterweizen bei erhöhter CO2-Konzentration und Trocken-streß

Dry Matter Production, CO₂ Exchange, Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Content of Winter Wheat at Elevated CO₂ Concentration and Drought Stress
Methods of mathematical modelling and simulation are being used to an increasing degree in estimating the effects of rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration and changing climatic conditions on agricultural ecosystems. In this context, detailed knowledge is required about the possible effects on crop growth and physiological processes. To this aim, the influence of an elevated CO₂ concentration and of drought stress on dry matter production, CO₂ exchange, and on carbohydrate and nitrogen content was studied in two winter wheat varieties from shooting to milk ripeness. Elevated CO₂ concentration leads to a compensation of drought stress and at optimal water supply to an increase of vegetative dry matter and of yield to the fourfold value. This effects were caused by enhanced growth of secondary tillers which were reduced in plants cultivated at atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Analogous effects in the development of ear organs were influenced additionally by competitive interactions between the developing organs. The content and the mass of ethanol soluble carbohydrates in leaves and stems were increased after the CO₂ treatment and exhausted more completely during the grain filling period after drought stress. Plants cultivated from shooting to milk ripeness at elevated CO₂ concentration showed a reduced response of net photosynthesis rate to increasing CO₂ concentration by comparison with untreated plants. The rate of dark respiration was increased in this plants.     

番茄对钾的吸收和分配的研究

对两个番茄品种，吸钾量的研究表明，“渝抗二号”番茄对Ｋ＾＋的吸收率较高，“早丰”番茄地上部分Ｋ＾＋的分配较多。当用ＮａＮＯ３代替营养液中的ＫＮＯ３后，Ｋ＾＋的分配比例与完全培养液中的植株相似，但分配到地上部的比例较小。加Ｎａ＾＋后，“渝抗二号”植株的叶和茎中的含Ｋ＾＋量比“早丰”更多，表明不同番茄品种在不同的Ｋ＾＋和Ｎａ＾＋环境中，有着明显不同的离子吸收和分配机制。     

THE CLIMATE CHANGE AND FORESTRY OF HEILONGJI ANG PROVINCE IN 1990''''S

INTRODUCTIONIntheworldoftoday,theglobalclimatechangeanditsinfluenceonecologyhavebe-comeaveryimportantproblem,towhichmanyscientists,governnentleadersandordinarypcoplepaycloseattentionI1-'].Inl979,theWorldClimateResearchProgram(WCP)waslaiddowninthefirstworldclimatemeeting.lnl99(),thesecondworldclimatemeetingwasconvcl1edinGencva,andalltl1eexpertsagreedthattheglobalwarmlngwillbeextremelyseriousdisasterthananynatUralcalamityever.Attl1eMectingof"WorldEnvironmentandDevelopment,"holdinBrazil…     

蛋鸡血浆VLDL浓度二世代双向选择对体脂沉积的影响

以雅发褐壳蛋鸡为素材,在零世代和一世代双向选择的基础上,应用血浆极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)浓度对体腹脂性状继续进行双向选择,比较了高低脂系间体组成的差异,并研究了中后期血浆VLDL浓度与上述性状的相关程度,进一步探讨了血浆VLDL浓度的选择效应。结果表明:二世代母鸡中后期高脂系体重较高(P<0.05),血浆VLDL浓度与体重呈极显著的表型相关(P<0.01)和中等程度的正遗传相关。62周龄高脂系的腹脂率显著高于低脂系(P<0.05),说明运用血浆VLDL浓度经过二个世代的双向选择,使产蛋鸡中后期体重降低,且对腹脂沉积产生了一定的影响。     

pH及阳离子浓度对柞蚕蛹蛋白溶解性的影响

对不同pH及阳离子浓度下柞蚕蛹蛋白的溶解性进行了研究。结果表明,柞蚕蛹蛋白的等电点pI为4.2~4.5。测定不同的阳离子对其溶解度的影响顺序为Zn2+>Ca2+>Mg2+>Na+,随着阳离子浓度的增加,蛹蛋白的溶解性增加,当离子浓度超过1.0 mol/L时,其溶解性则降低。     

我国主要麦区农户施肥评价及减肥潜力分析

【目的】明确我国主要麦区农户小麦施肥存在的问题及减肥潜力,为科学施肥、合理减肥提供依据。【方法】连续3年对我国主要麦区的小麦种植户进行施肥调研和取样,基于农户产量、养分需求量和土壤养分供应水平对其施肥状况和减肥潜力进行评价和分析。【结果】我国主要麦区农户小麦产量和生物量平均为6.0和13.2 t·hm^-2,二者极显著线性相关。小麦产量与施肥量和土壤养分无显著相关。我国小麦氮(N)、磷(P₂O₅)和钾(K₂O)肥用量平均分别为191.1、112.8和53.4 kg·hm^-2,春麦区农户氮、磷和钾肥用量平均分别为171.7、108.9和10.6 kg·hm^-2,旱作区分别为154.3、111.8和32.6 kg·hm^-2,麦玉区分别为236.4、128.1和74.0 kg·hm^-2,稻麦区分别为177.5、77.0和71.8 kg·hm^-2。就施氮量而言,春麦区过量施氮的农户较少,为34%,其次...     

LED水下集鱼灯光场分布数值模拟分析

为探究LED水下集鱼灯光色、功率、放置深度和海水叶绿素质量浓度对光场分布的影响,基于蒙特卡罗模拟方法建立了水下光束传输数值计算模型,通过控制变量法计算了不同条件下的水下光场分布,并提出以0.1～10.0 lx等值线所包围的面积与计算截面面积比值为相对有效光照范围(relative effective illumination range, REIR)。以REIR为评价指标,对不同条件下的光场分布进行了分析。结果显示：(1)相同功率条件下,REIR依次为绿光>白光>蓝光,以功率420W、叶绿素质量浓度0.1mg/m³为例,3种光色的REIR比值为1.58∶1.31∶1;(2)相同光色条件下,当叶绿素质量浓度为0.1mg/m³时,集鱼灯功率由420W增至1200W,蓝、绿、白3种集鱼灯的REIR分别由31.68%、50.27%、41.78%增至38.59%、56.91%、50.15%,功率增加近3倍,但REIR增幅有限;(3)随着集鱼灯放置深度增加,REIR先增加后稳定;以叶绿素质量浓度1.0mg/m³、功率为4...     

水培条件下钾对大蒜幼苗生长及根系活力的影响

以‘金乡白皮蒜’为试材,采用设施水培探讨了不同K+浓度对大蒜幼苗生长及根系活力的影响。结果表明:钾可显著增加大蒜幼苗生长量及根系活力;当营养液K+浓度为6.0mmol/L时,大蒜幼苗叶长、叶宽、假茎高、假茎粗、根长及根系活力最大,绿叶数及根系数最多,大蒜幼苗叶片、假茎、鳞茎及根系干、鲜重也最大,较不施钾处理干重分别增加133.91%、167.22%、146.31%和116.74%,鲜重分别提高168.34%2、43.18%、153.24%和128.78%。     

50年黑龙江省大豆遗传改良的产量及品质变化

本研究针对黑龙江省过去50年推广的大豆品种产量及品质变化进行研究。结果表明,品种推广年代与产量之间表现显著的线性回归关系,产量呈逐年增加的趋势,平均每年提高1．27％。产量的提高与英数、英粒数、粒数及收获指数密切相关,而与百粒重关系不大。经过50年的遗传改良,大豆蛋白质和脂肪含量变化不大,且品种间变异幅度较小。R2期（盛花期）叶氮含量、单株叶氮量、比叶氮及LAI（叶面积指数）与产量及品质关系不大,但此时期干物质重与产量里负相关关系,生育前期的干物质积累对产量的贡献不大。