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1.
以苹果系楸子(Malus prunifolia)、海棠花(Malus spectabilis)、西府海棠(Malus micromalus)、花红(Malus asiatica)和新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii) 5 个野生苹果种为材料,以甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)为溶剂,进行香气物质的提取,并基于气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对香气物质进行分离和鉴定。结果表明:5 种材料中共鉴定出 27 种香气物质,其中醇类 6 种、醛类 7 种、酯类 4 种、有机酸 4 种、萜烯 2 种和苯衍生物 4 种。其中反式-2-己烯醛、辛酸、α-法呢烯、苯酚以及对甲苯酚是 5 个野生苹果果实中共有的香气物质。这 5 种苹果野生资源果实的香气物质主要是以清香型的反式-2-己烯醛等醛类物质为主,但酯类和醇类也是构成不同种苹果特异香气的重要呈香物质。从特征香气组分来看,有8种是5个野生苹果种果实香气成分共有的特征香气,分别是法呢醇、己醛、反式-2-己烯醛、辛醛、壬醛、反式-2-癸烯醛、乙酸丁酯、己酸己酯。其中海棠花的特征香气物质有6种,西府海棠的特征香气物质有5种,新疆野苹果和楸子的特征香气物质有4种,花红苹果的特征香气物质有2种。  相似文献   
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Microwave, as a new heat treatment technology, has the characteristics of uniform and fast heating speed. It is an energy-saving technology known for improving oilseed product quality. Its efficiency mainly depends on the roasting power and time. However, the production of high-quality peanut butter using short-time roasting conditions are limited. Herein, we determined an appropriate microwave roasting power and time for peanuts and evaluated its impacts on the quality of peanut butter. Different roasting powers (400 ​W, 800 ​W and 1200 ​W) and times (4, 4.5, 5, and 5.5 ​min) were preliminarily tested. Among them, 800 ​W at 5 ​min was the most suitable. The roasting efficiency was further evaluated using color, sensory, bioactive compounds, storage stability, and safety risk factors of peanut butter produced from four peanut cultivars (Silihong, Baisha-1016, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414). The pre-treated butter obtained from three cultivars (Silihong, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414) with moisture content between 5% and 7.2% had a similar sensory score (6–7) as the commercial on a 9-point hedonic scale compare to the other. The color of the pre-treated peanut butter varies statistically with the commercial but remained in the recommended range of Hunter L1 values of 51–52, respectively, for high initial moisture peanut cultivars. The total polyphenol (35.20-31.59 ​± ​0.59 ​μmol GAE/g) and tocopherol (19.05 ​± ​0.35 ​mg/100 ​g) content in the butter obtained from three cultivars (Yuahua-9102, Yuhua, and Baisha-1016) and Silihong respectively, were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) higher than those in the commercial butter. The induction times of all pre-treated butter (19.80 ​± ​0.99–7.84 ​± ​0.07 ​h) were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) longer during storage at accelerated temperature than commercial samples. In addition, no benzo[a]pyrene was found in the pre-treated samples. Collectively, the microwave pretreated peanut butter was superior to the commercial one. These findings provided data support and a reference basis to promote microwave use for peanut butter production.  相似文献   
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This study is aimed to determine the effect of spring soil application of caraway (Carum carvi L.) essential oil (EO) with silicon dioxide (SD) carrier on weed infestation, yield of maize (Zea mays L.), and microbiological soil activity. A two-year field experiment was set up in southern Poland on brown soil. The results showed that SD-EO microencapsulates were effective against dicotyledon weed species. Additionally, during the dry growth season, SD-EO microencapsulates affected the yield of maize (mass of cobs). Soil-applied microencapsulates caused an increase in soil microbiota, especially fungi and actinomycetes, by the end of a dryer season (September 2015). In conclusion, soil application of microencapsulated caraway EO with SD has potential as a natural weed control agent and should be studied further to optimize its dose and term for weed control in maize.  相似文献   
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以‘Micro-Tom’番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)为试材,种子发芽后30d移入人工气候室,分别进行红/蓝光组合(1:1、3:1、5:1、7:1)处理,以白光处理为对照。在番茄果实绿熟期、转色期、成熟期取样,测定果实挥发性物质含量及蛋白组数据。结果表明,在转色期和成熟期,对番茄风味有积极作用的己醛、反式–2–己烯醛、β–紫罗兰酮、牻牛儿丙酮、6–甲基–5–庚烯–2–酮、2–苯乙醇、愈伤木酚的含量在红/蓝光3︰1组合处理中最高,而对风味有消极作用的水杨酸甲酯的含量较低,并且在成熟期为0。进一步分析了红/蓝光3︰1组合处理与对照相比的差异蛋白,在成熟过程中番茄果实共鉴定到12个与挥发性物质产生有关的差异蛋白,其中8个上调表达,4个下调表达。通过对12个差异蛋白进行mRNA水平的验证发现,只有转色期的苯丙酮酸互变异构酶(MIF)在蛋白质和mRNA水平表达不一致,其他11个蛋白在两个水平表达均一致。  相似文献   
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为了研究优质地方鸡种瓢鸡和盐津乌骨鸡不同部位的主体风味成分,以300日龄瓢鸡和盐津乌骨鸡的胸肌和腿肌作为试验对象,利用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)技术提取,采用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分离和鉴定鸡肉中的挥发性物质,结合相对活度值(ROAV)确定主体风味活性物质。结果表明,鸡肉样品中共检出76种挥发性化合物,主要包括醛类、醇类、酮类、酯类、酸类、烃类化合物,不同品种不同部位之间挥发性风味物质的组分和含量存在差异。瓢鸡主体风味物质由2-甲基丁醛、戊醛、己醛、庚醛、辛醛、反-2-辛烯醛、壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、辛烷构成;盐津乌骨鸡主体风味物质主要由2-甲基丁醛、己醛、壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇构成。主体风味物质对不同部位不同品种鸡肉样品的贡献程度不同,其中醛类化合物对鸡肉的整体风味贡献最大。本研究结果为瓢鸡和盐津乌骨鸡的风味特性研究和开发利用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   
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Marine sponges are sessile invertebrates that can be found in temperate, polar and tropical regions. They are known to be major contributors of bioactive compounds, which are discovered in and extracted from the marine environment. The compounds extracted from these sponges are known to exhibit various bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, antitumor and general cytotoxicity. For example, various compounds isolated from Theonella swinhoei have showcased various bioactivities, such as those that are antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal. In this review, we discuss bioactive compounds that have been identified from marine sponges that showcase the ability to act as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-malarial and antifungal agents against human pathogens and fish pathogens in the aquaculture industry. Moreover, the application of such compounds as antimicrobial agents in other veterinary commodities, such as poultry, cattle farming and domesticated cats, is discussed, along with a brief discussion regarding the mode of action of these compounds on the targeted sites in various pathogens. The bioactivity of the compounds discussed in this review is focused mainly on compounds that have been identified between 2000 and 2020 and includes the novel compounds discovered from 2018 to 2021.  相似文献   
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天牛科昆虫是危害严重的林业害虫,给林业生产造成重大损失。昆虫信息化合物的鉴定及应用,在害虫综合治理(IPM)中发挥着重要的作用。到目前为止,已从100多种天牛科物种中鉴定出信息化合物质,天牛亚科(Cerambycinae)、沟胫天牛亚科(Lamiinae)和椎天牛亚科(Spondylidinae)鉴定出雄性天牛的聚集信息素组分,花天牛亚科(Lepturinae)和锯天牛亚科(Prioninae)物种主要是鉴定出雌性天牛释放性的性信息素组分。这些信息素组分在不同亚科、不同属和种之间重叠率高,同一种组分可以在多种天牛物种中发挥作用,调节昆虫行为活动的信息化学物质在害虫治理中具有应用潜力和广阔的前景。对国内外已研究的天牛科信息素组分进行系统分析,可为今后鉴定新的天牛科信息素组分提供依据,加快我国天牛科信息素组分鉴定和应用进程。  相似文献   
10.
Proximate compositions of dorsal, ventral, leg, and tail cuts of farmed spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) were determined. The water, protein, fat, and ash contents of muscle were 77–78%, 19–23%, 0.3–1.2%, and 1.0%, respectively. The dominant nucleotide-related compound in the tissues was inosine monophosphate (IMP) (68.6–84.9%). The predominant free amino acids (FAAs) in the muscle of spectacled caiman were taurine (Tau), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), and histidine (His), along with a dipeptide of anserine (Ans) (80–183 mg/100 g) and carnosine (Car) (35–103 mg/100 g) being detected in each sample. The major fatty acid composition included palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1 cis-9), linoleic (18:2n-6), and stearic (C18:0) acids. The amount of docosahexaenoic acid (4.27–8.76%) was higher than that of eicosapentaenoic acid (0.99–2.24%). The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid in spectacled caiman (0.83–1.19) was higher than that in other commonly consumed meat. Meat from the spectacled caiman can be characterized as a valuable food for human consumption in terms of these nutritional features.  相似文献   
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