南瓜饲养榕树粉蚧的发育历期与生物学特征初报

榕树粉蚧是一种重要的入侵害虫,对果蔬和园林植物存在巨大的潜在威胁。为满足开展检疫处理、防控、生物学和生理学等研究的需要,本研究以南瓜为饲养材料,在室温条件下(26±1℃,RH 65%±5%)观察榕树粉蚧的生物学特性与发育历期。结果表明,榕树粉蚧具有典型的雌雄二型现象。雄虫主要经历卵、12龄若虫、预蛹、蛹、雄成虫阶段;雌虫经历卵、13龄若虫、雌成虫(产卵前期、产卵期)阶段,其发育历期(mean±SE)分别为8.51±0.03 d、9.79±0.09 d、7.46±0.10 d、6.52±0.11 d、12.13±0.11 d、8.16±0.11 d,世代发育历期54.4±0.25 d。雌成虫产卵量483651粒,平均550.87±51.07粒,卵期711 d,孵化率95.19%±0.75%。该研究结果表明榕树粉蚧繁殖能力强,应高度重视其防控工作。     

Influence of edible fruit coatings on Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) oviposition and development

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a highly invasive vinegar fly recently detected in the United States that severely threatens the viability of soft skinned fruit production. Insecticides mitigate some of this damage, but alternative methods to manage D. suzukii infestation are needed. We tested three edible coatings to determine if they could prevent or reduce oviposition by D. suzukii females or affect immature survivorship and development in two important host crops, blueberry and raspberry. None of the coatings prevented oviposition, but some reduced the number of eggs laid. Two carnauba wax-based coatings, PrimaFresh 45 and Raynox, dramatically reduced survivorship of immature D. suzukii in raspberries, but not in blueberries. Our results suggest that obtaining thorough, even coverage in the field will be essential if edible coatings are to be used as a management strategy for D. suzukii.     

可可广翅蜡蝉的行为节律观察

为进一步做好可可广翅蜡蝉的预测预报及防治工作,采用室内饲养观察的方法对其羽化、交配、产卵的行为及节律进行研究,并对其田间产卵特征进行调查。结果表明:可可广翅蜡蝉成虫羽化发生在晚上和凌晨,白天未见羽化;成虫交配主要发生在白天,晚上很少交配,凌晨未见;成虫全天均可产卵,高峰期集中在上午与凌晨;田间主要将卵产在茎粗为1.5mm左右的嫩茎上,产卵深度约0.9mm,产卵刻痕主要集中在距顶梢3cm范围,平均每刻痕卵量约为11粒。     

不同品系赤眼蜂对桃蛀螟卵的寄生选择性

近年来，桃蛀螟已成为黄淮海夏玉米穗期的主要害虫之一。其幼虫的为害直接降低了玉米产量和品质，对玉米安全生产构成严重威胁。由于其幼虫钻蛀为害的特性以及化学防治的弊端使其防治难度增加。为了更好的开展利用赤眼蜂防治桃蛀螟，我们对广泛用于鳞翅目害虫生物防治的松毛虫赤眼蜂、螟黄赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂的11个品系对桃蛀螟卵的寄主选择性进行了比较，以期筛选出对桃蛀螟卵寄生效果好的赤眼蜂品系。结果表明，寄生24 h后，松毛虫赤眼蜂Sd和Xd品系和玉米螟赤眼蜂So和Zo品系单头雌蜂在选择性试验中对桃蛀螟卵的寄生卵粒数分别为14.35、15.05、14.65和13.45粒，非选择试验中为15.8、16.1、13.8和13.1粒，均对桃蛀螟卵均有较好的寄生能力；各品系赤眼蜂后代的羽化率保持在93.64%~98.37%，雌性比也表现较好，在73.10%~89.39%，后代出蜂数介于13.18~18.40。综合来看，玉米螟赤眼蜂So和Zo品系和松毛虫赤眼蜂Sd和Xd品系可以作为防治桃蛀螟的候选赤眼蜂用于进一步的田间防治试验。     

球孢白僵菌对橘小实蝇实验种群的影响

研究了球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)B6菌株对橘小实蝇成虫(Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel)的影响。结果表明,在杨桃、番石榴与香蕉3种水果上喷施球孢白僵菌孢子悬浮液,橘小实蝇雌成虫平均产卵量分别为(188.3±11.4)粒、(156.7±13.1)粒、(165.3±9.1)粒,与对照差异不显著;孵化的老熟幼虫数量分别(156.3±11.5)头、(130.3±8.3)头、(147.7±10.6)头,与对照差异也不显著;成虫存活率分别为51.1%、52.2%、62.3%,与对照差异极显著。干扰作用控制指数IIPC为0.554 2、0.573 0、0.667 7,对橘小实蝇成虫控制效果明显。     

Influences of Cry1Ac Broccoli on Larval Survival and Oviposition of Diamondback Moth

Larval survival and oviposition behavior of three genotypes of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), (homozygous Cry1Ac-susceptibile, Cry1Ac-resistant, and their F₁ hybrids), on transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) broccoli expressing different levels of Cry1Ac protein were evaluated in laboratory. These Bt broccoli lines were designated as relative low, medium, and high, respectively, according to the Cry1Ac content. Untransformed brocccoli plants were used as control. Larval survival of diamondback moth on non-Bt leaves was not significantly different among the three genotypes. The Cry1Ac-resistant larvae could survive on the low level of Bt broccoli plants, while Cry1Ac-susceptible and F₁ larvae could not survive on them. The three genotypes of P. xylostella larvae could not survive on medium and high levels of Bt broccoli. In oviposition choice tests, there was no significant difference in the number of eggs laid by the three P. xylostella genotypes among different Bt broccoli plants. The development of Cry1Ac-susceptible and Cry1Ac-resistant P. xylostella on intact Bt plants was also tested in greenhouse. All susceptible P. xylostella larvae died on all Bt plants, while resistant larvae could survive on broccoli, which expresses low Cry1Ac protein under greenhouse conditions. The results of the greenhouse trials were similar to that of laboratory tests. This study indicated that high dose of Bt toxins in broccoli cultivars or germplasm lines is required for effective resistance management.