Winter movement activity patterns of anadromous Arctic charr in two Labrador lakes

Anadromous Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, feed in the marine environment for several months during the summer and migrate back to fresh water in late summer to spawn and/or overwinter. While overwintering, anadromous Arctic charr are generally believed to reduce or cease feeding, and they are poorly described in their winter movement activity. This study used telemetry data collected from two locations to describe overwintering movement activity, including interindividual variation. Movement activity declined markedly during the ice‐covered period, suggesting opportunistic maintenance feeding was used as an energy conservation strategy. Fall and spring movement was correlated with daylight hours, and ice break‐up had a significant effect on the timing of outmigration. Movement activity was negatively correlated with body length, with smaller individuals being more active than larger fish. Although general activity patterns were evident, there were significant differences among individuals, particularly during spring immediately prior to lake departure. Lake size and individual differences in metabolic rate may account for some of this variation.     

高产条件下日光温室越冬茬黄瓜适宜滴灌量研究

为了明确京郊日光温室越冬茬黄瓜高产栽培所需的适宜滴灌量,以黄瓜"津优35"为试材,研究了不同滴灌量对黄瓜灌溉水分配、产量、品质、水分利用效率和经济效益的影响。结果表明:85%农户常规灌溉量处理较对照节水50.8 mm,深层渗漏量减少42.6%,黄瓜产量提高3.6 t/hm~2,可溶性糖含量提高17.3%,硝酸盐含量降低5.0 mg/kg,果实品质提高;水分利用效率提高3.61 kg/m~3,增收1.42万元/hm~2。综合来看,85%农户常规灌溉量处理是京郊日光温室越冬茬黄瓜适宜滴灌量,全生育期灌溉总量为327.9 mm,其中苗期41.7 mm,初瓜期43.1 mm,结果期243.1 mm,当埋深20 cm的土壤张力计读数为-21.6 kPa时需进行灌溉。     

Outdoor winter storage of container stock on raised pallets—effects on root zone temperatures and seedling growth

Containerized seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were overwintered on the ground and above ground on pallets. Soil temperatures in elevated containers were lower and showed greater fluctuation than containers on the ground. The lowest temperatures (‐15 to ‐16°C) were observed in containers stored on pallets with little or no snow cover during the winter. Temperatures in the edge rows of containers were lower than interior bed soil temperatures. Lower temperatures were also observed in the top than in the bottom of the container. The storage on pallets resulted in reduced shoot and root growth. Although insulation preventing air movements beneath the container units improved soil temperature conditions and subsequent seedling growth, the best result was obtained when seedlings were stored directly on the ground surface.     

兰考泡桐苗木顶芽越冬特性初步研究

对兰考泡桐一年生苗木 芽休眠期进行不同的平埋处理，结果表明，１０月下旬至１１月下旬实施平埋是可行的，苗木面芽越冬率无显著性差异；平埋覆土类型（粘土、沙土、两合土）对顶芽越冬率无显著性差异；平埋方式（顶芽不埋，其它部位平埋；干部不埋，其它部位平埋；整株平埋）对苗木顶芽越冬率影响差异显著；平埋深度对苗木顶芽成活率的影响差异极为显著，兰考泡桐苗木体面 芽失水速率高于侧芽和枝条，顶芽相对含水素与旬平均气温     

半咸水人工湿地净化越冬养殖循环水的效果

为拓展人工湿地在水产养殖上的应用,该文研究了半咸水人工湿地的循环水越冬系统中暗纹东方鲀越冬养殖效果和净化效能。结果表明,经过166d越冬养殖,暗纹东方鲀越冬成活率(76.94±13.87)%,饵料系数5.49±1.77。在无任何外源能源加温的情况下,系统水温保持在暗纹东方鲀幼鱼的生存最低温度以上。在半咸水环境下(7.6‰～9.9‰),人工湿地对养殖水有良好的净化效果:总氮去除率为30.5%、总氨氮为69.6%、亚硝酸盐为96.1%、硝酸盐为9.7%、总磷为18.4%、COD为38.8%、总悬浮物为79.7%,循环水经过人工湿地后水质符合国家渔业用水标准;越冬期间,越冬养殖池水质状况良好;除TN和NO3-N在越冬期间的去除率比在夏季的明显低外,其他主要污染物的去除率与夏季比较没有明显变化。在试验负载范围内,系统去除量随进水污染负载量的增加而增加;通过建立预测模型预测出湿地养殖面积比值0.36～0.97,与实际值1.26相比,养殖密度尚有提高的空间。因此,人工湿地能持续有效地去除暗纹东方鲀越冬循环水养殖系统中的主要污染物,说明该系统能在越冬养殖生产实际应用。     

卵圆蝽空间分布型及其应用

对卵圆蝽越冬若虫的空间分布型研究表明:越冬若虫在不同虫口密度下均呈聚集分布,分布的基本成分是个体群;聚集原因除与环境因素有关外,亦与若虫的聚集行为有关,平均每株2～3头若虫是卵圆蝽若虫聚集机制发生变化的临界值;将样本资料用Iwao的代换公式进行代换,能取得比较满意的效果。此外,根据Iwao的方法,给出了卵圆蝽越冬若虫的序贯抽样表和在不同密度下的最适抽样数。     

绿盲蝽越冬卵在苹果园中的空间分布型及抽样技术

近年来绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum已经逐渐发展成为果树上的重要害虫之一, 对其越冬卵在果树上的空间分布型进行探究具有重要意义?本研究利用6种聚集度指标?Iwao回归方程和Taylor幂法则分析了苹果园中绿盲蝽越冬卵的空间分布型, 同时对苹果园绿盲蝽越冬卵聚集的原因和最适理论抽样数进行了分析与计算?结果显示, 绿盲蝽越冬卵在苹果园呈聚集分布, 并且随着越冬卵密度的增加, 分布越聚集?绿盲蝽越冬卵的种群聚集是由其生活习性与周围环境共同引起的?运用绿盲蝽越冬卵空间分布型参数, 建立Iwao理论抽样数模型, 从而明确不同密度下绿盲蝽越冬卵的最适理论抽样数, 为今后绿盲蝽越冬卵在苹果园内密度的准确调查和种群密度的预测提供了理论依据?     

河北省粮食两熟产区小麦冬前应变灌溉的气候分析

以选取的河北省山前平原区和黑龙港区的6个县(市)为样点,通过统计各地1973—2007年35年气象资料,分析了与灌溉决策有关的气候条件和冬前应变灌溉方案。结果表明:河北省小麦玉米两熟产区1/3年份的降水可满足播种出苗需要,这时趁墒播种应为首选。其他年份应尽量采取灌足底墒水播种的方式。若因农时紧张需适时抢播,播后应马上灌"蒙头水"。由于冬季气候变暖,越冬前的灌水应以保证越冬期和返青至拔节期水分供应为主,防御冻害为辅,应通过合理的冬前灌溉保证春季第一次肥水时间能推迟到拔节前后。     

采种甜菜原地保护越冬栽培技术

山东维坊市采种甜菜原地保护越冬栽培技术通常8月25日前后育苗,11月上、中旬盖膜,并在苗床北侧设立防风障,改善苗田小气候,于翌年2月中、下旬揭膜,定植时间可放宽到3月上旬至下旬,与窖藏春栽采种甜菜比,增产率可达25%以上,是一项值得推广的增产技术。     

平菇眼菌蚊Lycoriella sp.春季发生规律及防治的初步研究

经1988～1990年调查和饲养观察,证明平菇眼菌蚊Lvcoriella sp.在豫西能以幼虫,蛹在室外越冬,其场所主要是废料堆、垃圾堆、土粪堆20cm以下深层废料袋。在室内则能同年繁殖。每年为害最严重的春季,该虫可发生3代,虫量逐代上升,且成虫雌性比例持续维持在80％以上。完成一代在8.5～12.5℃需25天,12.5～17℃对需20天。药液浸袋、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂喷雾,10％蚊蝇净烟熏分别对幼虫、成虫有较好的防治效果。