不同光质照射下真姬菇的生长发育与光受体的响应表达

采用 5 种不同光质光源，分别对真姬菇（Hypsizygus marmoreus）的菌丝、原基和子实体进行照射，检测菌丝生长速度、原基形成数量、子实体菌柄长度、菌柄直径、菌盖直径以及产量等。结果显示：真姬菇菌丝在黑暗和红光下生长较快，在红绿蓝复合光下生长最慢；在蓝光下形成的原基数量最多，而在红光下原基数量最少；子实体阶段，黑暗下菌柄的长度及直径最大，绿光下菌柄长度及直径最小；而在蓝光和红绿蓝复合光下菌盖直径最大。相同培养时间，真姬菇在黑暗和蓝光下产量较高，在绿光下产量最低。进一步检测真姬菇光受体基因 WC1 和 WC2 在不同光质条件下的差异表达。结果表明，在菌柄中 WC1 在黑暗下表达量最高，WC2 在蓝光下表达量最高；而在菌盖中 WC1 和 WC2 均在蓝光下表达量最高。     

Ultrastructural analysis of sequential cyprinid herpesvirus 3 morphogenesis in vitro

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) is an alloherpesvirus, and it is the aetiological agent of koi herpesvirus disease. Although the complex morphogenic stages of the replication cycle of CyHV‐3 were shown to resemble that of other members of the Herpesvirales, detailed analysis of the sequence and timing of these events was not definitively determined. This study describes these features through a time course using cyprinid cell cultures (KF‐1 and CCB) infected with CyHV‐3 (KHV isolate, H361) and analysed by transmission electron microscopy. Rapid viral entry was noted, with high levels of intracellular virus within 1–4 h post‐infection (hpi). Intranuclear capsid assembly, paracrystalline array formation and primary envelopment of capsids occurred within 4 hpi. Between 1 and 3 days post‐infection (dpi), intracytoplasmic secondary envelopment occurred, as well as budding of infectious virions at the plasma membrane. At 5–7 dpi, the cytoplasm contained cytopathic vacuoles, enveloped virions within vesicles, and abundant non‐enveloped capsids; also there was frequent nuclear deformation. Several morphological features are suggestive of inefficient viral assembly, with production of non‐infectious particles, particularly in KF‐1 cells. The timing of this alloherpesvirus morphogenesis is similar to other members of the Herpesvirales, but there may be possible implications of using different cell lines for CyHV‐3 propagation.     

暗期间断在植物生长发育中的应用研究(英文)

暗期间断属于光周期调控技术,被广泛应用于植物的生长发育研究。通过对暗期间断的类型、应用和机理三个方面研究成果进行了综述,其中在暗期间断类型部分总结了光质、间断暗期的次数和间隔时间方面的研究;在暗期间断应用部分总结了在植物形态发生、生理和生物化学方面的相关研究。在此基础上,提出了暗期间断在分子生物学研究及森林资源保护中的应用前景。     

叶籽银杏的发生及其个体与系统发育研究述评

叶籽银杏是银杏资源中一个极为奇特的种质,具有重要的观赏和学术价值.目前,中国和日本已报道的叶籽银杏共有47株,树龄36～1 200年不等,叶生种子发生率为5%～25%.银杏的可育短枝整体上相当于松柏类的一个雌球果(大孢子叶球).叶籽银杏可能与种子蕨和苏铁类等有较近的亲缘关系.叶籽银杏的发生机制有返祖学说、衰老学说、环境诱变学说等,综合分析后提出嵌合体学说,其发生可能与同源异型盒基因的表达有关.本文对目前叶籽银杏的分类地位的多种观点进行评述,系统概述叶籽银杏的分布状况,形态解剖学、细胞生物学、分子生物学研究现状,分析银杏雌性生殖器官的形态学本质,及叶籽银杏可能的亲缘关系,对叶籽银杏可能的发生机制进行了探讨,并提出叶籽银杏研究中存在的几个主要问题及今后研究的建议.     

五味子实生苗地下横走茎形态发生研究

对五味子实生苗地下横走茎的形态发生、发育过程进行了研究。结果表明:1 a生五味子子叶腋芽可发育为地下横走茎,但其发育较缓慢,在8月下旬至9月初才发育成地下横走茎,第1片真叶腋芽和第2片真叶腋芽当年均可以发育成地下横走茎;2 a生和多年生五味子植株基部的越冬芽都会发育成地下横走茎;无论是子叶腋芽还是越冬芽在转变初期与一般芽形态相似,但经过伸长生长后,其茎尖开始弯曲以适应地下生长。地下横走茎的发生部位较集中,常呈轮生状。较高节位芽的超显微结构与子叶叶芽存在较大差异,说明五味子的芽能否形成地下横走茎在其形成的早期可能就已经决定。     

Gonadal morphogenesis and sex differentiation in cultured chub mackerel,Scomber japonicus

The timing of primordial germ‐cell (PGC) migration with regard to the gonadal anlagen, gonad formation and sex differentiation was examined histologically in the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) at 5–190 days post hatching (dph). At 5 dph, PGCs appeared on the peritoneal epithelium surface or in the mesentery, on the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity. By 10 dph, stromal cells around the PGCs proliferated. The gonadal primordium was formed by 15 dph. The gonadosomatic index was 0.01% at 30 dph and increased thereafter (0.32% in females and 0.04% in males at 160 dph). Ovarian differentiation occurred at 30–40 dph, indicated by ovarian cavity formation (elongation and fusion of the upper and lower ovarian edges). Meiosis was subsequently initiated. A few meiotic oocytes surrounded the cavity at 50 dph; most were in the perinucleolus stage at 60 dph and attained a diameter of 60–70 μm at 190 dph. Testicular differentiation occurred at 30 dph, indicated by the formation of the sperm duct primordium. Spermatogonia gradually proliferated, developing into spermatocytes at the chromatin–nucleolus stage (after 90 dph) and subsequently into spermatids and spermatozoa (160 dph). These data could aid the development of seeding and cell‐engineering technologies for scombrid fish.     

玉米转录因子ZmbHLH4基因的克隆及功能分析

bHLH类转录因子在植物的生长发育及逆境应答反应中发挥重要作用。通过生物信息学比对分析,PCR扩增克隆得到玉米转录因子ZmbHLH4基因。亚细胞定位和转录激活实验结果表明ZmbHLH4特异性定位于细胞核,不具有转录激活活性。ZmbHLH4基因过表达可促进拟南芥种子萌发,同时转基因植株表现出矮化、抽薹及开花提前,花茎变细、分支增多,叶片数量增多、长度缩短,果荚扭曲皱缩、育性降低等多种表型,说明ZmbHLH4在调控植物的生长发育和形态建成方面发挥重要功能。     

Ultrastructural morphogenesis of salmonid alphavirus 1

Studies on the ultrastructural morphogenesis of viruses give an insight into how the host cell mechanisms are utilized for new virion synthesis. A time course examining salmonid alphavirus 1 (SAV 1) assembly was performed by culturing the virus on Chinook salmon embryo cells (CHSE‐214). Different stages of viral replication were observed under electron microscopy. Virus‐like particles were observed inside membrane‐bound vesicles as early as 1 h following contact of the virus with the cells. Membrane‐dependent replication complexes were observed in the cytoplasm of the cells, with spherules found at the periphery of late endosome‐like vacuoles. The use of intracellular membranes for RNA replication is similar to other positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses. The number of Golgi apparatus and associated vacuoles characterized by ‘fuzzy’‐coated membranes was greater in virus‐infected cells. The mature enveloped virions started to bud out from the cells at approximately 24 h post‐infection. These observations suggest that the pathway used by SAV 1 for the generation of new virus particles in vitro is comparable to viral replication observed with mammalian alphaviruses but with some interesting differences.     

灯笼鱼属仔稚鱼的发育形态及其分类检索

研究灯笼鱼属仔稚鱼的发育形态与分类特征,为以后相关的海洋生态调查的仔稚鱼种类鉴定提供参考资料,以相关的灯笼鱼属仔稚鱼形态与分类特征文献为依据,对1978年4—5月和8—10月太平洋中部热带水域、1979年5—6月西太平洋热带水域,1984年4—7月、1984年12月—1985年1月和1985年4—6月东海外海黑潮流域调查采集到的灯笼鱼属鱼类的仔稚鱼样品进行分类鉴定,共鉴定了栉刺灯笼鱼、闪光灯笼鱼、粗鳞灯笼鱼、斑点灯笼鱼、金焰灯笼鱼、东方灯笼鱼、钝吻灯笼鱼和灯笼鱼Myctophum sp.等8种仔稚鱼。观察和描述了其个体发育形态,并引用发光灯笼鱼、双灯灯笼鱼、粗短灯笼鱼、短颌灯笼鱼、Myctophum sp1.和Myctophum sp2.的形态特征,构建了目前全球已了解的11种灯笼鱼以及3种未定到种的Myctophum sp.、Myctophum sp1.和Myctophum sp2.仔稚鱼的种类分类检索表。观察结果显示,灯笼鱼属仔稚鱼鱼体细长,头部呈三角形、微扁,眼非圆形,眼部脉络组织发达或有发达眼柄支撑,颊部、胸鳍和鳃盖骨边缘具黑色素,消化管末端内侧或外侧色素均匀分布,两颌生有小利牙,具脂鳍,发育过程除金焰灯笼鱼外均具有发达扇形胸鳍,这是灯笼鱼属仔稚鱼共有的形态特征。金焰灯笼鱼形态特征独特,头部非常扁平,两眼眼柄非常发达,向体外两侧伸展,消化管末端游离于体外。仔稚鱼两眼前后是否具眼柄和眼部脉络组织形状,上下颌骨末端是否具黑色素,胸鳍柄和鳍条间黑色素有无,尾柄末端、脂鳍和臀鳍后缘是否具黑色素斑分布,消化道末端色素的分布等发育形态特征是该属仔稚鱼种类鉴别和分类的主要依据。     

光强对温室盆栽茶梅形态建成的影响

研究了不同程度遮光处理(0%、25%、50%)对温室盆栽茶梅植株形态建成的影响。结果表明:不同光强下,茶梅植株形态建成的指标有所不同。遮光的茶梅各形态指标均比对照减少,对照的花头观赏品质明显优于处理。由此可见,过度遮光不利于其生长发育。