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排序方式: 共有418条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为了研究蓝点马鲛()生活史特征的异质性,根据2018年10月至2019年3月在东海外海渔场的拖网调查采样数据,对其叉长和体重关系的月间及性别差异进行了研究。依据收集的367尾蓝点马鲛样本,求得其叉长和体重关系(b的估计均值为2.794。本研究构建了广义线性模型和9个线性混合模型,用于研究蓝点马鲛的叉长和体重关系()在时间及性别上的差异。贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)值和均方根误差值均表明,最复杂的线性混合模型(即月份和性别对两个参数P<0.01)。在最优模型中,a值则与此相反。本研究表明,月份和性别对蓝点马鲛叉长和体重关系具有显著的影响,线性混合模型能把月份和性别的异质性通过随机效应在单个模型中更准确、快速地体现,从而进一步证实了此模型在数据来源异质性研究中的优势。 相似文献
2.
为探讨磷虾目物种的系统进化关系,以磷虾目的 50种磷虾为研究对象,分析其线粒体COI基因序列的分子变异,构建系统发育树,初步探讨了磷虾种属间亲缘关系。所分析COI基因可比序列长度为519 bp,共包含258个变异位点,全部为碱基替换,无插入/缺失位点。四种碱基含量分别为A 27.58%、T 35.47%、G 18.88%、C 18.07%,碱基A+T含量(63.05%)显著高于G+C含量(36.95%),表现出明显的T偏倚特点。50种磷虾的种间遗传距离为0.065~0.306,其平均值为0.186;而种内遗传距离为0~0.071,其平均值为0.017,平均种间距离约为种内距离的11倍。根据物种鉴定最小种间遗传距离0.020的观点,COI基因序列间的差异能够很好地区分各磷虾种。基于COI基因分别构建了4种系统进化树:邻接树(neighbor-joining,NJ)、极大似然树(maximum likelihood,ML)、最大简约树(maximum parsimony,MP)及UPGMA(unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means)树。它们拓扑结构基本一致,均可分为三大支系:假磷虾属处于系统树的基部,是磷虾目中最早分化出来的一支;而包含磷虾种类最多的磷虾属则最后分化出来,表明其为磷虾类中相对较新的一个属。本研究较全面地阐述了磷虾目的系统进化关系,结果表明磷虾目的线粒体COI序列变异可以用来研究磷虾属、种的分类单元及其系统进化问题,具有较好的理论和应用价值。 相似文献
3.
ABSTRACT Growth Simulation, an analytical modeling technique, has been increasingly used in ecological studies and practical forestry applications where dendrochronology is not applicable. The technique uses randomly sampled diameter increments from tagged trees over a known time interval to assemble a statistical sample of lifetime growth trajectories. We carried out a validation of Growth Simulation using a temperate species in order to compare indirect model outputs with direct tree ring analysis. Rings were measured on sample disks cut from 55 pine branches ranging in age from 8–36 years. Assessments included lifetime growth rates, growth rate with respect to diameter and age, periodic annual increment (PAI), cross-referencing of rings by date, and autocorrelation of growth over successive periods. Tree ring analysis and Growth Simulation showed close correspondence for all parameters tested (maximum, median, and minimum growth rates; longevity estimates). Growth Simulation is found to be a robust and informative technique for studies of tropical tree growth, and is especially useful where analysis of tree rings is not feasible or when bootstrapping analysis of ring data is of interest. 相似文献
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5.
Conservation priorities for the different lines of Dutch Red and White Friesian cattle change when relationships with other breeds are taken into account 下载免费PDF全文
B. Hulsegge M.P.L. Calus J.K. Oldenbroek J.J. Windig 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2017,134(1):69-77
From a genetic point of view, the selection of breeds and animals within breeds for conservation in a national gene pool can be based on a maximum diversity strategy. This implies that priority is given to conservation of breeds and animals that diverge most and overlap of conserved diversity is minimized. This study investigated the genetic diversity in the Dutch Red and White Friesian (DFR) cattle breed and its contribution to the total genetic diversity in the pool of the Dutch dairy breeds. All Dutch cattle breeds are clearly distinct, except for Dutch Friesian breed (DF) and DFR and have their own specific genetic identity. DFR has a small but unique contribution to the total genetic diversity of Dutch cattle breeds and is closely related to the Dutch Friesian breed. Seven different lines are distinguished within the DFR breed and all contribute to the diversity of the DFR breed. Two lines show the largest contributions to the genetic diversity in DFR. One of these lines comprises unique diversity both within the breed and across all cattle breeds. The other line comprises unique diversity for the DFR but overlaps with the Holstein Friesian breed. There seems to be no necessity to conserve the other five lines separately, because their level of differentiation is very low. This study illustrates that, when taking conservation decisions for a breed, it is worthwhile to take into account the population structure of the breed itself and the relationships with other breeds. 相似文献
6.
为探讨辣木(Moringa spp.)种质资源间的遗传关系,采用相关序列扩增多态性(sequence-related amplified polymorphism, SRAP)分子标记方法对18份辣木种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明,从170对引物中筛选出13对多态性较高的引物组合,共扩增出104条清晰稳定的条带,平均多态性条带百分率达62.50%。遗传多样性参数分别为等位基因数(Na)为1.6250,有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.4777,基因多样性指数(H)为0.2632,香农信息指数(I)为0.3797,说明18份辣木种质资源间有较高的遗传多样性。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,18份辣木种质资在遗传相似系数0.732水平上,可分了3个群,来自非洲卢旺达的狭瓣辣木[M. stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod.]具有较远的亲缘关系,单独聚类为一个类群Ⅲ;其余样品则分别聚类为类群Ⅰ和类群Ⅱ,类群Ⅰ共11份材料,主要为来源于印度的多油辣木(M. oleifera Lam.)及其改良种‘PKM1’和‘PKM2’,类群Ⅱ共6份材料,主要为来源于我国云南和海南的多油辣木及其改良种‘PKM1’和’PKM2’。SRAP标记反映了辣木种质资源间的遗传关系,本研究结果为辣木杂交育种的亲本选择提供了科学基础。 相似文献
7.
Invasive Chinese pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana threatens native mussel reproduction by inducing cross‐resistance of host fish 下载免费PDF全文
Seth W. Donrovich Karel Douda Věra Plechingerová Kateřina Rylková Pavel Horký Ondřej Slavík Huan‐Zhang Liu Martin Reichard Manuel Lopes‐Lima Ronaldo Sousa 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(6):1325-1333
- The effects of invasive alien species (IAS) on host–affiliate relationships are often subtle and remain unnoticed or insufficiently quantified. The global decline of freshwater unionid mussel species has been attributed to many causes, but little is known about the interactions of IAS, with their complex life cycle, which includes an obligatory parasitic stage (the glochidium) that develops on fishes.
- The capacity of a European freshwater mussel, Anodonta anatina, to develop on its widespread fish host, Squalius cephalus was tested experimentally, after previous infestations by the IAS, Sinanodonta (Anodonta) woodiana. The initial attachment of glochidia, the length of the parasitic period, and the metamorphosis success rate of A. anatina glochidia were compared among treatments of different priming infestation intensities.
- The metamorphosis success rate of the native A. anatina glochidia was strongly reduced (Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank Test, P < 0.001) and declined by 42.1 and 45.4% on fish hosts that were previously exposed to S. woodiana by single and multiple priming infestations, respectively, in comparison with the control group. Such cross‐resistance is expected to decrease significantly the quality of the host resources available to native mussels.
- This study provides the first evidence of the host‐mediated adverse impact of invasive S. woodiana on native mussel species. These results also highlight the importance of potential competition for hosts between threatened groups of affiliate species and their invasive counterparts, which should be reflected in conservation strategies.
8.
在甘肃省天祝藏族自治县采集12只达乌尔黄鼠(Spermophilus dauricus),PCR产物直接测序获得Cyt b基因1140bp序列,采用Clustal X 1.84、MEGA 6.0、Dna SP 5.0等生物信息学软件进行了序列特征和系统地位分析。结果显示,达乌尔黄鼠Cyt b基因含116个多态信息位点,群体中多态位点类型有转换、颠换,Cyt b基因T,C,A,G碱基含量分别为33.7%,25.9%,27.6%,12.9%。基于Kimura双参数的遗传距离显示,属内种间大黄鼠(Spermophilus major)与新疆黄鼠(Spermophilus fulvus)间遗传距离最小(0.034),高加索黄鼠(Spermophilus musicus)与达乌尔黄鼠最大(0.172),达乌尔黄鼠群体内遗传距离为0.140,种群分化较大,基于NJ法构建的系统进化树符合传统分类标准,研究为达乌尔黄鼠Cyt b基因标记的种群遗传学应用提供了参考。 相似文献
9.
利用ITS rDNA序列对我国杨树溃疡病的葡萄座腔菌科病原真菌进行系统发育学分析,共得到4种葡萄座腔菌科病原真菌:Botryosphaeria dothidea,Neofusicoccum parvum,Diplodia seriata和D.mutila。它们与相应的无性型或有性型一一对应。其中,D.seriata在我国是第一次报道为杨树的病原。研究了试验菌株与国内外已报道菌株间的系统发育学关系,分析了它们与环境间的联系。结果表明B.dothidea具有高度的种内遗传多样性。这些结果对葡萄座腔菌科真菌在全球的分布作了必要的补充,也为杨树溃疡病的研究和防治提供进一步的理论基础。 相似文献
10.
周口地区大叶黄杨白粉病菌的鉴定和进化分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对周口地区的大叶黄杨白粉病菌进行了显微形态、核糖体DNA转录间隔区(ITS)及进化树分析。结果表明:在扫描电子显微镜下病菌分生孢子呈圆柱形或椭圆形,无支链;ITS序列与来自日本和阿根廷的Erysipheeuonymi-japonici的ITS序列聚在一个进化枝上。表明来自河南周口地区的白粉病属于E.euonymi-japonici,与日本和阿根廷的E.euonymi-japonici亲缘关系最近。 相似文献