不同类型花椰菜硫代葡萄糖苷组分与含量分析

采用HPLC法测定了3种类型15个花椰菜品种的硫代葡萄糖苷(Glucosinolates,简称硫苷)组分及含量。结果表明:供试花椰菜品种均含有9种硫苷,包括5种脂肪族硫苷:3-甲基硫氧烯丙基硫苷(Glucoiberin,IBE)、2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷(Progoitrin,PRO)、2-丙烯基硫苷(Sinigrin,SIN)、4-甲基硫氧丁基硫苷(Glucoraphanin,RAA)和3-丁烯基硫苷(Gluconapin,NAP);4种吲哚族硫苷:4-羟基吲哚基-3-甲基硫苷(4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin,4OH)、3-甲基吲哚基硫苷(Glucobrassicin,GBC)、4-甲氧基吲哚基-3-甲基硫苷(4-Methoxyglucobrassicin,4ME)和1-甲氧基吲哚基-3-甲基硫苷(Neoglucobrassicin,NEO)。各品种的吲哚族硫苷总含量均高于脂肪族硫苷总含量,其中NEO和GBC是花椰菜的主要硫苷组分,分别占总硫苷含量的42.61%和35.02%。不同花椰菜品种的硫苷总含量差异较大,变异范围在0.3323~4.8728μmol·g-1(FW)之间;紫花菜的总硫苷含量最高,松花菜其次,紧花菜最低。     

两品种芜菁中芥子油苷含量的比较分析

采用HPLC方法测定“红圆”芜菁(HY)和“白玉”芜菁(BY)肉质根和叶片中芥子油苷(GS)成分和含量.结果表明:不同品种芜菁以及同一品种不同部位中芥子油苷(简称GS)含量差别较大.在“红圆”芜菁肉质根中检测出11种GS,在其叶片中检测出9种GS;“红圆”根中主要为苯乙基GS和2-羟基-3-丁烯基GS,分别占总硫苷的37.2％和20.9％,根中总GS含量是叶中的2.1倍.在“白玉”芜菁肉质根中检测出9种GS,主要GS种类为3-丁烯基GS和苯乙基GS,分别占总GS的65.6％和23.4％；在“白玉”芜菁叶片中含8种GS,不合有苯乙基GS,“白玉”叶中GS总量是根中含量的1.2倍.     

A rapid chromatographic method for determining the glucosinolate content in crambe seed

Crambe abyssinica is becoming a reliable source of industrial oil with good technical characteristics because of its high erucic acid content. The possibility of using the industrial defatted meal of crambe as a feed could further promote the interest in this crop, but is prevented by the high glucosinolate content (70‐150 μmol/g). Therefore the possibility of reducing this parameter by selection was evaluated and a search for a new quick analytical procedure begun. When hydrolysed by myrosinase (thioglucoside glucohydrolase EC 3.2.3.1.), at pH 6.5 or higher, epiprogoitrin, the main glucosinolate in crambe seed (>90% of total glucosinolates), gives (5R)‐5‐vinyl‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐2‐thione quantitatively. The latter can be easily estimated by high‐performance liquid chromatography. This is the background of the proposed analytical procedure that permits rapid analysis of about 100 samples per day using about 25 mg of crambe meal (five seeds) for assay. The method can also be used to select for glucosinolate content in rapeseed and, probably with some adjustment, all crops that have a 2‐hydroxy‐glucosinolate as the main glucosinolate.     

Glucosinolate content in interspecific crosses of Brassica carinata with B. juncea and B. napus

Brassica carinata A. Braun is a highly productive oilseed crop in the Ethiopian highlands, but the seed has a high 2-propenyl glucosinolate content, which is undesirable. The objective of this study was to introgress, through interspecific crosses, genes for low 2-propenyl glucosinolate content from the B genome of B. juncea and C genome of B. napus into the B. carinata B and C genomes and thus develop low glucosinolate B. carinata. The cross [(B. carinata×B. juncea) ×B. carinata] yielded plants that contained only ～ 20 μmoles of 2-propenyl glucosinolate, which was an 85% reduction compared with levels in B. carinata seed. Plants of the [(B. carinata×B. napus) ×B. carinata] cross had normal high concentrations of 2-propenyl glucosinolate. Backcross plants of both interspecific crosses also contained 3-butenyl and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolates. The results of these crosses suggested that genes for glucosinolate synthesis were located on B genome chromosomes of B. carinata because B. napus C genome introgressions did not result in reductions of total glucosinolate contents. The total alkenyl glucosinolate content of one F₃ family of the B. juncea backcross was similar to that of the B. juncea parent. It was concluded that through further selection in this family, B. carinata plants could be identified that would be basically free of 2-propenyl glucosinolate, and have a low total alkenyl glucosinolate content.     

Quality assessment of rapeseed accessions by means of near-infrared spectroscopy on combine harvesters

Optimization of data collection processes in plant breeding programmes is of the highest importance for plant breeders. In rapeseed-breeding, data collection and selection must be carried out in a very restricted period of time because of the short time span between harvesting and sowing. Near-infrared spectroscopy on combine harvesters (NOCH) improves the data collection processes in breeding programmes of grain crops such as maize, and it may also improve the data collection processes in breeding programmes of rapeseed. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of NOCH for the determination of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), oil and glucosinolate (GSL) contents in rapeseed. A plot combine harvester equipped with a near-infrared diode-array spectrometer was used. Reference values for DM content were determined by the oven method. Reference values for the quality traits were established by laboratory near-infrared spectroscopy. NOCH showed a high potential for the determination of DM, CP, oil, and GSL contents. Use of NOCH in breeding may increase the efficiency of data collection processes and might dramatically accelerate the development of rapeseed cultivars.     

植物硫代葡萄糖苷-黑芥子酶底物酶系统

硫代葡萄糖苷-黑芥子酶系统是十字花科植物中一种特有的底物酶系统.在植物体内,硫代葡萄糖苷存在于液泡中,而黑芥子酶分布在特定的黑芥子酶细胞中.在细胞内,黑芥子酶往往与黑芥子酶结合蛋白和黑芥子酶协助蛋白形成黑芥子酶复合体催化硫代葡萄糖苷的水解.当植物组织受到损伤时,硫代葡萄糖苷与黑芥子酶直接接触,并使硫代葡萄糖苷水解为异硫氰酸、腈等有毒物质来保护自身免遭食草动物进一步的伤害.     

菜籽粕中芥子酸和硫甙对异育银鲫生长和生理机能的影响

使用含“双高”菜籽粕 (硫甙和芥子酸含量分别为 1 8 9g·kg-1 和 0 2 1g·kg-1 )和“双低”菜籽粕 (硫甙和芥子酸含量分别为 3 2 5g·kg-1 和 0 0 5g·kg-1 )的饲料喂养异育银鲫 ,探讨菜籽粕中硫甙和芥子酸两种毒物对异育银鲫的生理机能和生长速度的影响。供试验鱼 1 2 0尾 ,平分为 4组 ,Ⅰ组 (对照组 )饲喂含 4 5 %“双高”菜籽粕的饲料 ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别饲喂含“双高” 30 %和“双低” 1 5 %、“双高” 1 5 %和“双低” 30 %、“双低” 4 5 %菜籽粕的饲料。经 4 0d饲养表明 ,随“双低”菜籽粕比例增高 ,鱼类增重率和饲料效率明显提高 ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的增重率分别比对照组提高 35 5 4 %、5 2 98%和 6 5 1 7% ,饲料效率分别提高 4 3 0 1 %、 4 5 31 %和 6 0 33% ,均达显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组之间的饲料效率和增重率均无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。在肝体比方面各组间差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并且这种差异与性别相关。随着硫甙和芥子酸含量增加 ,鱼类耐低氧能力也有所下降     

甘蓝型双低油菜品种沪油15的选育

甘蓝型双低油菜品种沪油15系采用品种（系）间的双方方法育成，种子含油量42.43%，芥酸含量0.38%，硫甙含量19.01μmol/g。上海市油菜区域试验平均产量2147.3kg/hm^2，比对照汇油50增产31．3％，上海市油菜生产试验平均产量2700.0kg/hm^2，比对照汇油50增产12.6%。沪油15适于我国长江下游冬油菜区种植。     

江苏省菜籽饼粕的抗营养因子含量分析

收集华东省市当家的甘蓝型、白菜和芥菜型油菜籽品种２０个，经１０５℃３０分钟处理，小型６２机冷榨取饼，测定ＯＺＴ．ＩＴＣ，得出甘蓝型高硫葡萄糖苷品种在饼中的总苷量最高９．３６ｍｇ／ｇ，比苷蓝型低硫葡萄糖苷品种含总苷２．９５ｍｇ／Ｇ高出２倍。白菜型平均总苷３．１３ｍｇ／ｇ；芥菜型含３．５６ｍｇ／ｇ。以淮油６号、秦油２号菜籽作破碎或干热与否的前处理比较，总苷量以未破碎、未干热的菜饼最高，分别含９．８２ｍｇ／ｇ、１０．６４ｍｇ／ｇ；破碎又干热的菜饼总苷最低，分别为８．６９、７．０１ｍｇ／ｇ。以宁油７号品种为例用６２型冷榨总苷最高为１０．７７ｍｇ／ｇ，９５型其次５．１４ｍｇ／ｇ，２００型最低２．５５ｍｇ／ｇ。采集本省各地大、中、小型油厂、油坊的菜饼粕２１个样，２００型菜粕总苷为２．８ｍｇ／ｇｃｖ４５％，９５型３．３９ｍｇ／ｇ，ｃｖ３９．６％。２００型与９５型在加工过程中产生游离总苷量接近，分别为０．３８和０．４１ｍｇ／ｇ。由芥子酶或酶水解产生的腈类化合物以２００型的菜粕中含量高，平均含１３１８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｃｖ７９．７％；９５型含３１８ｍｇ／ｇｃｖ１３２％，其中３６％样本未检出腈量。菜饼粕单宁平均含０．８２％；植酸平均?