巴氏新小绥螨溴氰菊酯抗药性品系对常见药剂的交互抗性及其种群参数分析

为了明确巴氏新小绥螨Neoseiulus barkeri溴氰菊酯抗性品系对常用杀虫(螨)剂的交互抗性水平及生物适合度,为巴氏新小绥螨抗药性品系田间应用提供科学依据。本文应用玻片浸渍法测定了巴氏新小绥螨溴氰菊酯抗性品系对12种杀虫(螨)剂的交互抗性,采用种群生命表评价了其生长发育及繁殖情况。结果显示,相对于巴氏新小绥螨敏感品系,溴氰菊酯抗性品系(226.38倍)对供试的其他6种拟除虫菊酯类药剂均存在交互抗性,尤其对氯氟氰菊酯的交互抗性倍数最高,达到2 210.91倍。对噻虫嗪、毒死蜱和乙螨唑的交互抗性分别是116.46、110.71倍和20.43倍,对丁硫克百威、阿维菌素和哒螨灵无交互抗性。对其生物适合度研究发现,溴氰菊酯抗性品系相较于敏感品系,前若螨期和产卵前期显著缩短,产卵期和单雌总产卵量显著增加。上述结果表明,巴氏新小绥螨溴氰菊酯抗性品系对10种常用杀虫(螨)药剂产生了不同水平的交互抗性,且其繁殖率显著增加,推荐在田间推广应用。     

Genetics and mechanism of resistance to deltamethrin in a field population of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

BACKGROUND: Spodoptera litura (F.) causes enormous losses in many economically important crops. The genetics of insecticide resistance has been extensively studied in several insect pests, but there is a lack of information on S. litura. Therefore, the genetics and mechanisms of the resistance of S. litura to deltamethrin were investigated. RESULTS: Bioassays at generation G1 gave resistance ratios of 9, 5, 41, 52 and 49 for deltamethrin, cypermethrin, profenofos, chlorpyrifos and triazofos respectively, when compared with the susceptible Lab-PK strain. Bioassays at G4 with a deltamethrin-selected population (Delta-SEL) showed that selection gave resistance ratios of 63 and 7 for deltamethrin when compared with the Lab-PK and UNSEL strains respectively. Cross-resistance to other insecticides tested was observed in the selected population. A notable feature of the Delta-SEL strain was that resistance to deltamethrin, cypermethrin, profenofos and chlorpyrifos did not decline over the course of five generations. Synergism tests with microsomal oxidase (MO) and esterase-specific inhibitors indicated that the deltamethrin resistance was associated with MO and, possibly, esterase activity. Reciprocal crosses between the Delta-SEL and Lab-PK strains indicated that resistance was autosomal and incompletely dominant. A direct test of monogenic inheritance suggested that resistance to deltamethrin was controlled by more than one locus. CONCLUSION: Stability and dominance of resistance and cross-resistance suggest that insecticides with different modes of action should be recommended to reduce pyrethroid selection pressure.     

溴氰菊酯对南方小花蝽捕食番茄潜叶蛾能力的影响

为探究溴氰菊酯对南方小花蝽Orius similis捕食番茄潜叶蛾 Tuta absoluta能力的影响,本研究以溴氰菊酯对南方小花蝽的致死中浓度为处理浓度,采用药膜法处理南方小花蝽成虫,然后让存活的南方小花蝽取食番茄潜叶蛾卵及1龄幼虫,分析溴氰菊酯对其捕食功能反应及捕食行为的影响。结果表明,经致死中浓度的溴氰菊酯处理后,南方小花蝽捕食番茄潜叶蛾的能力及行为均受到影响,功能反应模型仍符合Holling Ⅱ模型,但南方小花蝽处理猎物的时间延长,控害效能降低,搜寻效应下降, 成虫对卵和1龄幼虫的日最大捕食量分别下降了47.37粒/皿、9.47头/皿;而处理1粒番茄潜叶卵和1头1龄幼虫所用的时间分别延长了777.6 s和3 456.0 s,同时南方小花蝽搜寻、行走、捕食番茄潜叶蛾卵的行为时间分别缩短了444.2、750.2、919.6 s,静止和梳理时间则分别延长了1 677.6、403 s,对番茄潜叶蛾卵和1龄幼虫的捕食量分别降低了4头和1头。因此,溴氰菊酯对南方小花蝽捕食能力产生了抑制作用,在田间防控番茄潜叶蛾时应延长溴氰菊酯与南方小花蝽使用的间隔时间,更好地协调化学与生物防治。     

拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对棉铃虫雌蛾化学通讯系统的影响

用低致死剂量（LD30）氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯胸部点滴处理棉铃虫3龄幼虫后，研究拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对存活雌蛾化学通讯系统的影响。结果表明，杀虫剂对雌蛾的求偶行为不产生明显影响，对照组和杀虫剂处理组雌蛾的求偶高峰均为第3个暗期的8-8．5h，求偶率均可达73％-82％。氰戊菊酯处理组中雌蛾性信息素各组分滴度和总量与对照无显著性差异，但溴氰菊酯处理组中雌蛾性信息素的主组分Z11-16：Ald和次要组分Z9-16：Ald、Z7-16：Ald的滴度及信息素总量均显著高于对照组，并且两个活性组分Z11-16：Ald和Z9-16：Ald的比例与对照组雌蛾有显著差异。     

不同药剂防治蚧壳虫的试验效果

测试了几种不同浓度的农药对蚧壳虫的防治效果,并分析了蚧壳虫防治的最佳时间。结果表明,成虫期喷药是防治蚧壳虫很有效的防治途径,选用氧化乐果1000倍,敌杀死2000倍,多磷威1000倍,或使用氧化乐果1000倍加敌杀死2000倍混合进行喷雾,均可取得理想的防治效果,防治率均在90%以上     

Control of air-borne field spread of tulip breaking virus,lily symptomless virus and lily virus X in lilies by mineral oils,synthetic pyrethroids,and a nematicide in the Netherlands

The inhibitory effect on the spread of viruses in lilies viz., tulip breaking virus (TBV; nonpersistently aphid-borne, potyvirus,) lily symptomless virus (LSV; non-persistently alphidborne, carlavirus), and lily virus X (LVX; potexvirus of unknown etiology), was studied of brands of mineral oil (Luxan oil H and Duphar-7E oil) and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides (l-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin), and a nematicide (aldicarb) in crops in which virus-infected plants were present as virus sources. The spread of TBV and LSV were controlled by sprays of mineral oil and insecticide, while that of LSV was also limited by the soil-applied nematicide. The spread of LVX was reduced by the insecticides and, not effectively by the mineral-oil spraying, by which data the mode of transmission may be presumed to be by an insect in the persistent or semi-persistent manner.Mixtures of mineral oil and pyrethroid were more effective in the reduction of spread of TBV and LSV than either components tested alone. The mineral oil was the most effective component in the mixtures in which pyrethroid added a slight extra effect. The addition of pyrethroid did not mask either the lower efficacy of the oil brand Duphar-7E oil, or the diminished inhibitory effect of low dosages of oil. The normal rate of mineral oil gave similar control to that of a mixture of mineral oil at half rate plus the pyrethroid at full dosage. Low rates of oil, or even synthetic pyrethroids alone may be used on cultivars which suffer of the loss of bulb weight by the use of normal or decreased rates of oil. Weekly sprays were more effective than fortnightly sprays. The rate of control by the weekly sprays ranged between 90 and 95% for Luxan oil H at half dosage plus the full rate of pyrethroid. Weekly sprayed synthetic pyrethroids alone onto the virus sources and the plants to be infected gave 60–70% control. The weight ratios tended to be slightly reduced if the half dosage of the efficient Luxan oil H was used. Factors which affect the control of the air-borne field spread of viruses by mineral oils and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides in lilies are discussed.     

Delayed cuticular penetration and enhanced metabolism of deltamethrin in pyrethroid-resistant strains of Helicoverpa armigera from China and Pakistan

The penetration and metabolism of [14C]deltamethrin was studied in susceptible and resistant Chinese and Pakistani strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), which were resistant to deltamethrin by 330- and 670-fold, respectively. The penetration of deltamethrin into resistant individuals was significantly slower than into susceptible individuals over a 24-h period. The time taken for 50% penetration of the applied deltamethrin was 1 h for the susceptible strain and 6 h for both of the resistant strains. The internal radioactivity was reduced by the larvae of resistant strains much faster than by the susceptible larvae. After 48 h, 40% of the penetrated deltamethrin was still inside the larvae of the susceptible strain, in comparison with 1.5-5% in the Pakistani strain and 8-14% in the Chinese strain. Both of the resistant strains produced methanol-soluble and water-soluble metabolites, but the susceptible strain produced methanol-soluble metabolites only. By 12, 24 and 48 h after dosing, the amount of methanol-soluble metabolites excreted by the resistant strains was almost double that of the susceptible strain. Both of the resistant strains also excreted 5-7% of the penetrated dose as a water-soluble metabolite after 48 h. In comparison with the Chinese strain, the Pakistani strain exhibited slower penetration, lower internal content and faster excretion of deltamethrin, which correlated with the higher resistance of the Pakistani strain. These findings show that the resistant Pakistani and Chinese strains of H. armigera possess mechanisms of reduced cuticular penetration and enhanced metabolism of deltamethrin and perhaps other pyrethroids.     

The Effect of Short-interval Deltamethrin Applications to Control Tsetse on the Seroprevalence of Babesiosis in Cattle

For the past decade, treatment of cattle with 0.00375% deltamethrin (Decatix, Coopers) at two-weekly intervals has been part of an integrated approach to counteract continuous invasion of Zimbabwe by tsetse from the Mozambique fly-belt. To determine the effect of these regular deltamethrin treatments on the epidemiology of babesiosis, a survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of antibodies against Babesia bigemina in adult communal cattle. The seroprevalence of antibodies against B. bigemina in adjacent areas, where cattle are treated with short-residual acaricides, was also determined for comparison. The prevalence of antibodies to B. bigemina was much higher in areas where dipping with a non-pyrethroid acaricide was conducted. This was attributed to the successful control of Boophilus spp. and hence a very low level of B. bigemina transmission in the 'deltamethrin treatment zone'. This low level of disease transmission was confirmed by the low prevalence of antibodies against B. bigemina in sentinel cattle that were introduced to the 'deltamethrin treatment zone'. The potential adverse effects of severely reducing the tick population should be taken into consideration at the onset of tsetse control operations in which cattle are to be treated with deltamethrin at short treatment intervals.     

温室白粉虱抗药性的成虫快速监测方法初探

根据 FAO 推荐的方法测定温室白粉虱的抗药性结果表明,溴氰菊酯对北京马连洼种群成虫羽化后第1,3,6,10,15,20天不同日龄成虫的毒力,随日龄增加而逐渐降低。LC_(50)为123.51～282.50μg/g,但差异不显著(P<0.05),平均186.63 μg/g.对田间自然混合日龄与饲养的不同日龄成虫的 LC_(50)之间亦无显著差异。成虫对药剂的敏感性明显低于若虫,但在不同和相同年份二种虫态的抗药性趋势是一致的。认为温室白粉虱抗药性监测,可采用田间混合日龄成虫代替饲养的不同日龄成虫或1日龄若虫进行监测则更为简便、快速.     

树干喷药环防治松毛虫的研究

本试验选用溴氰菊酯和杀灭菊酯,以柴油和水作稀释剂,用家用手动喷雾器在树干胸高处喷药环防治越冬上下树松毛虫取得了较好的防治效果。持效期可维持40天以上。这是一种局部、微量施药方法,施药时间在秋末或春初,多数有益生物已经停止或尚未开始活动,所以,对森林中许多有益昆虫的影响很小。