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1.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Fe injection timing after birth on suckling and subsequent nursery and growing-finishing pig performance. The injectable Fe source used in both experiments was GleptoForte (Ceva Animal Health, LLC., Lenexa, KS). GleptoForte contains gleptoferron which is a Fe macromolecule complex. In Exp. 1, a total of 324 newborn pigs (DNA 241 × 600, initially 1.6 ± 0.04 kg body weight [BW]) within 27 litters were used. Two days after birth, all piglets were weighed, and six barrows and six gilts per litter were allotted to 1 of 6 treatments consisting of no Fe injection or 200 mg of injectable Fe provided in a single injection on d 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 of age. Pigs were weaned (~21 d of age) and allotted to nursery pens with all pigs in each pen having received the same Fe treatment. In Exp. 2, a total of 1,892 newborn pigs (PIC 359 × C40; initially 1.5 ± 0.02 kg BW) within 172 litters were used. One day after birth, piglets were weighed, and 11 pigs within each litter were allotted to 1 of 6 treatments consisting of no Fe injection or 200 mg of injectable Fe provided on d 1, 3, 5, or 7 of age, or 200 mg on d 1 plus 200 mg on d 12 of age. Pigs were weaned (19 d of age) and placed in a commercial wean-to-finish facility in a total of 15 pens with equal representation of treatments in each pen. In both experiments, not providing an Fe injection after birth decreased (P < 0.05) preweaning average daily gain (ADG), weaning weight, and hemoglobin and hematocrit values compared with all other treatments. In Exp. 1, increasing the age that piglets received an Fe injection until 4 or 6 d after birth provided marginal evidence for an improvement (quadratic; P = 0.070) in preweaning ADG. For the nursery period, increasing the age that piglets received an Fe injection improved (quadratic; P = 0.013) d 80 BW, but there was no evidence of a difference (P > 0.10) in d 173 BW at the end of the grow-finish period. In Exp. 2, increasing the age that piglets received a 200 mg Fe injection showed no evidence of difference (P > 0.10) for subsequent nursery and growing-finishing ADG. In both experiments, hemoglobin and hematocrit values were decreased (linear; P < 0.05) at weaning with increasing age when pigs received an Fe injection. These experiments suggest that providing a 200 mg Fe injection within 7 d after farrowing is sufficient for optimizing preweaning and subsequent growth performance.  相似文献   
2.
为探明除草剂胁迫对3种牧草的化感作用,本研究采用室内生测法,采用不同推荐剂量的草铵膦和草甘膦分别处理紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia)幼苗,测定3种牧草浸提液对受体小白菜(Brassica chinensis)种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,并结合化感效应值对牧草的化感活性进行分析,旨在为牧草田的杂草防治及科学使用除草剂提供理论参考。结果表明:3种牧草浸提液对受体植物发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、苗高、最大根长及活力指数均具有一定的影响,对最大根长的影响最大;受2种除草剂胁迫后,供试牧草的化感作用均显著高于清水处理,其中草甘膦胁迫后的表现更为明显,其对供试牧草化感作用的强弱顺序为:红豆草>紫花苜蓿>黑麦草。综上,除草剂胁迫下可明显增强紫花苜蓿、红豆草和黑麦草的化感作用。  相似文献   
3.
为探究圆柏(Sabina chinensis)的化感作用,本研究采用培养皿滤纸法研究圆柏叶片浸提液对地肤(Kochia scoparia)、稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)、藜(Chenopodium album)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)、马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)5种杂草种子和向日葵(Helianthus annuus)、燕麦(Avena sativa)、油菜(Brassica campestris)、荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum)4种作物萌发和生长的影响,并用圆柏叶片、树枝、树皮粉末和浸提液进行盆栽抑草效果检测。结果表明:圆柏叶片浸提液对5种杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长具有显著的抑制作用,对地肤、藜、反枝苋萌发及生长的化感效应指数均在-0.98以上;盆栽抑草结果表明,圆柏不同部位对5种杂草种子萌发和稗草及反枝苋株高生长均有较好的抑制作用,叶片化感强度大于树皮和树枝,叶片粉末拌土处理抑草效果好于浸提液叶面喷施;对作物的化感作用结果表明,圆柏叶片浸提液稀释1.5倍时,抑制荞麦种子萌发但不影响其株高及根生长,不影响燕麦种子萌发但降低其株高和根长生长,抑制油菜的发芽势和发芽指数但不影响其种子萌发率,促进油菜株高及根长生长,不影响向日葵种子萌发和生长。综上所述,圆柏具有良好的抑草活性,对作物影响较小。  相似文献   
4.
为明确不同施氮水平下生物可降解膜覆盖对机插水稻生长和产量的影响,2019年和2020年在中国水稻研究所富阳试验基地开展大田试验,设置普通机插条件下0及13 kg/667 m2两个氮肥水平,生物可降解膜覆盖机插种植下13 kg/667 m2和 11 kg/667 m2 两个氮肥水平。结果表明,相同施氮量下,与不覆膜相比,覆膜机插水稻产量2019年和2020年分别增加6.1%和2.6%,成熟期干物质积累量分别增加17.4%和5.3%;在覆膜机插条件下,氮肥减施15%,与氮肥不减施处理相比水稻产量及干物质积累量差异不大,但氮肥偏生产力显著提高,说明覆膜机插在保障一定产量的条件下,能够减少氮肥施用,避免过量施肥造成环境污染,为水稻稳产和绿色高效提供一种新的种植方式。  相似文献   
5.
This study used two different collectors made of polypropylene (PP) rope and polyethylene (PE) fishing net to determine Mediterranean mussel's settlement, growth, condition index (CI), meat yield (MY) and shell thickness index (STI) during the period spent between June 2017 and November 2018. With this regard, chlorophyll a, water temperature, salinity, pH and particulate matter were defined through water samples that were collected on monthly basis triplicate. The mean chlorophyll a level was recorded as 0.32 ± 0.31 μg/L, while water temperature was 19.73 ± 5.14°C, salinity was 35 ± 2.070‰, pH was 8.12 ± 0.04, and TPM was 14.91 ± 10.48 mg/L. As a result of the cultivation period of 8 months spent following the first intense grip, the length of the mussels is measured as 31.79 ± 6.20 mm. Based on the Pearson correlation analysis results, the most important environmental parameter affecting Mediterranean mussels growth in length on PP rope collectors is the temperature (p < .05). The STI and CI were determined to be related with environmental temperature parameters, while no determinations could be obtained concerning the correlation of MY with environmental parameters. Assessment of Mediterranean mussels’ growth rate in PP rope collectors proved significant differences (p < .05) between March and November 2018. As no Mediterranean mussels are observed on PE fishing nets during the samplings performed throughout the study period, it is determined that PE fishing nets are not suitable collector types for Mediterranean mussel cultivation.  相似文献   
6.
以杂交稻组合隆两优华占及其2个亲本隆科638S和华占为试验材料,萌发期设置6个NaCl质量分数梯度(0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%和1.2%)和苗期设置3个NaCl质量分数梯度(0.4%、0.8%和1.2%)来模拟盐胁迫试验,以清水为对照,分析盐胁迫对杂交稻及其亲本种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,在各质量分数的盐胁迫处理下,萌发期各项指标均不同程度地受到盐胁迫影响,多数指标值均随盐质量分数升高而下降,且质量分数0.6%是隆两优华占及其亲本的耐盐临界值。在0.2%~0.6%NaCl胁迫下3个品种发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、胚芽长的盐胁迫抑制率在品种间存在显著差异,进一步通过隶属函数值综合评价,得出3个品种萌发期耐盐性由强到弱分别为隆两优华占、华占和隆科638S;苗期盐胁迫下3个品种中隆两优华占地上部分K^+/Na^+比值最大,表明其耐盐性最强。综合萌发期隶属函数值和苗期K^+/Na^+比值可以得出,杂交组合隆两优华占与其亲本比较,耐盐性更强,说明水稻的耐盐性具有一定的杂种优势。  相似文献   
7.
We studied the effects of temperature and solar radiation on rice yield with the aim of understanding the temperature and solar radiation requirements for high yield rice production in the lower reaches of the Huai River, China. Field experiments were conducted with two medium-maturing japonica rice(MMJR) varieties and four late-maturing japonica rice(LMJR) varieties in 2017 and 2018. Seeds were sown on May 10(T1), May 17(T2), May 24(T3), May 31(T4), June 7(T5), June 14(T6), and June 21(T7). The whole growth duration(WGD) of rice was shortened when sowing date was delayed, especially for the duration from sowing to heading(S–H). The effective accumulated temperature(EAT), mean daily temperature(T_(mean)), cumulative solar radiation(CSR), and mean daily solar radiation(R_(mean)) over the WGD decreased when sowing date was delayed. Compared with T1, yields in T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 decreased by 0.12–0.35, 0.45–0.89, 0.74–1.56, 1.41–2.24, 2.16–2.90, and 2.69–3.64 t ha-1, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between rice yield and EAT in different growth stages. Temperature was the main factor that affected the yield of good eating-quality rice in the lower reaches of the Huai River. We found that a relatively high yield can be obtained when the optimal T_(mean) for medium-maturing japonica rice(MMJR) and late-maturing japonica rice(LMJR) was 25.8–27.0℃ and 26.6–27.1℃ in the stages from sowing to heading(S–H), and 20.3–23.3℃ and 20.3–22.1℃ in the stages from heading to maturity(H–M), respectively. The optimal sowing dates for MMJR and LMJR in the lower reaches of the Huai River were May 15–31 and May 15–18, respectively.  相似文献   
8.
秸秆还田是秸秆利用的有效途径之一,但田间生产秸秆量大且降解缓慢,添加外源物料对加快秸秆降解、促进养分释放有重要意义。基于网袋法,添加不同浓度的生化黄腐酸和微纤维岩棉,研究其对玉米秸秆降解及土壤碳氮、作物生长的影响。外源物料施入量设计3个梯度,分别为土重的0.5%、1%、2%。设计7个处理:单秸秆(CK)、秸秆+0.5%生化黄腐酸(T1)、秸秆+1%生化黄腐酸(T2)、秸秆+2%生化黄腐酸(T3)、秸秆+0.5%微纤维岩棉(T4)、秸秆+1%微纤维岩棉(T5)、秸秆+2%微纤维岩棉(T6)。结果表明:(1)添加生化黄腐酸的各处理降解前100天慢后快,降解率、降解速率与浓度呈反比,360天后降解率达75.97%~82.60%,处理间无显著差异;秸秆氮释放率以100天为转折点,360天氮释放率达71.51%~74.75%;与CK相比,降低土壤容重19.85%~30.53%,增加土壤总孔隙度19.57%~26.09%,提升土壤碳氮含量;除T1外,对作物生长起抑制作用。(2)微纤维岩棉在各时期均能加快玉米降解,快速释放氮(除T4),360天达63.60%~78.13%;相比CK土壤容重降低24.43%~29.77%,总孔隙度增加21.74%~26.09%,土壤碳氮含量显著提升;有效提高玉米产量,促进根系发育。两物料一定程度上均能加快秸秆降解,促进养分释放,提高土壤碳氮含量,作物生长受物料浓度影响差异显著,整体效果添加微纤维岩棉各处理优于生化黄腐酸,以土重0.5%、1%为宜。  相似文献   
9.
为研究0.40%硫酸软骨素(CS)和酸解氧化魔芋葡甘露聚糖(AOKGM)对齐口裂腹鱼生长、抗氧化及镉胁迫之后抗氧化性能和组织中(肝脏、肾脏和鳃)镉积累量的影响,实验选取450尾初始体质量为(98.00±8.54) g的齐口裂腹鱼分为3组(对照组、AOKGM组和CS组),进行为期8周的养殖实验,然后每个实验组选取120尾齐口裂腹鱼暴露在镉环境中,进行15 d的镉胁迫实验(镉浓度分别为0、0.10、0.25和1.00 mg/L),分别对2种多糖在齐口裂腹鱼生长及抗氧化性能方面进行相关研究,以及分析镉胁迫后2种多糖的抗氧化性能和组织中镉的积累量。结果显示,与对照组相比,2种多糖显著提高了齐口裂腹鱼的特定生长率、脾体指数和头肾指数;粗脂肪、灰分和粗蛋白质相对于对照组也有显著影响。CS和AOKGM均显著提高血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、总蛋白(TP)和一氧化氮(NO)含量,降低葡萄糖(GLU)含量;CS能显著提高血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和胆固醇(TC)含量,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果显示,与镉浓度0 mg/L相比,MDA含量在镉浓度为1.00 mg/L时最高,SOD活性在镉浓度为1.00 mg/L时最低,GSH-Px活性在镉浓度为0.25和1.00 mg/L时显著降低,NO含量在镉浓度为0.25和1.00 mg/L时显著升高。镉胁迫实验中,与对照组相比,2种多糖组的SOD活性显著提高,MDA含量降低;NO含量在镉浓度0.10~1.00 mg/L胁迫时显著降低;CS显著提高镉浓度0.10、0.25 mg/L胁迫下的GSH-Px活性,AOKGM组GSH-Px活性在镉浓度为0.25、1.00 mg/L时显著高于对照组。与无镉组对比,齐口裂腹鱼肝脏、肾脏和鳃镉的积累量在各镉浓度下显著增加;而CS和AOKGM均能够降低机体组织镉含量。研究表明,在饲料中添加0.40%的2种多糖均能提高齐口裂腹鱼生长、抗氧化性能,降低镉胁迫下鱼体肝脏、肾脏和鳃中镉的积累量,缓解镉对齐口裂腹鱼造成的氧化损伤,为齐口裂腹鱼饲料的开发提供新的理论依据。  相似文献   
10.
CRISPR是细菌或古生菌对入侵到体内的病毒,通过核酸特异性识别、Cas9蛋白酶切割产生的一种天然免疫系统。基于CRISPR/Cas9系统的基因组编辑技术,通过sgRNA介导和Cas9蛋白切割实现对靶基因的定点编辑。因其操作简便、编辑效率高、适用范围广的特点,迅速成为研究植物、动物、微生物基因功能的重要手段。同时,随着大量基因组信息和相应数据库的广泛建立,CRISPR/Cas9技术利用反向遗传学,配合生物信息技术,成为遗传改良、创新特异种质的一种极有效的新手段。本文主要对CRISPR/Cas系统的基本原理、CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术的作用机制,以及CRISPR/Cas9技术在粮油作物遗传改良、品种选育研究中取得的进展进行了综述,为遗传育种工作者利用该技术进行遗传改良和品种优化升级育提供有效的参考。  相似文献   
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