5%丁硫克百威·杀虫单颗粒剂防治甘蔗害虫田间药效试验

5%丁硫克百威·杀虫单颗粒剂对甘蔗害虫具有良好的防治效果。 3- 4月份结合甘蔗松、培土 ,每公顷施 5 %丁硫克百威·杀虫单颗粒剂 36、4 5 kg,对蔗龟的防效达 77%以上 ,对蔗螟的防效在 80 %左右 ,可作为蔗龟、蔗螟防治中的轮换用药。田间使用每公顷以 36 - 45 kg(有效成分 1 .8-2 .2 5 kg)为宜     

大螟的营养价值分析

从害虫开发利用的角度出发,对大螟Sesamia inferens(Walker)幼虫的蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质等营养成分进行了分析测试。结果表明,大螟幼虫具有较高的营养价值。虫体的蛋白质、脂肪、总糖、胆固醇及灰分含量分别为146.0,119.1,2.0,0.4和23.1 g/kg;含有17种氨基酸,包括7种人体必需氨基酸,总氨基酸含量为94.7 g/kg,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的42.6%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为74.1%,符合FAO推荐的理想蛋白模式,其第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸,即蛋氨酸和胱氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为亮氨酸;大螟幼虫油脂的不饱和脂肪酸含量为597.9 g/kg,高于大多数动物性油脂及畜肉类食品,其中单不饱和脂肪酸尤其丰富,含量高达580.1g/kg,而必需脂肪酸含量相对较低,为17.8 g/kg;大螟幼虫还含有K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Co等多种矿物质和微量元素。     

Rind puncture resistance in maize: inheritance and relationship with resistance to pink stem borer attack

The main pest of maize in north‐western Spain is the pink stem borer, Sesamia nonagrioides, and stem lodging is one of the consequences of attack. Since rind puncture resistance is related to stem lodging resistance, the objectives of this work were to estimate the genetic effects involved in the inheritance of rind puncture resistance and to determine the phenotypic correlation coefficients between rind puncture resistance and pink stem borer damage. Six generations from the crosses ‘CM109’בEP31’ and ‘CM109’בEP42’ and a 10‐inbred line diallel were evaluated in Pontevedra, Spain, in 1995 and 1996. The inheritance of rind puncture resistance had two significant components, one additive and one dominant. Non‐allelic and genotype × environment interactions were not significant. Improvement for internode rind puncture resistance to increase stem strength and stalk lodging resistance could have some positive influence on resistance to pink stem borer. However, its use as an estimator of pink stem borer resistance cannot be generalized and so must be restricted to programmes that involve materials exhibiting physical resistance to pink stem borer attack.     

Antifeedant activity of fruit and seed extracts ofMelia azedarach andazadirachta indica on larvae ofSesamia nonagrioides

Methanolic extracts of seeds and fruits of the chinaberry tree,Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae), showed strong antifeedant activity against 2nd instar larvae ofSesamia nonagrioides Lefèbvre (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a very serious pest of maize(Zea mays L.) in Mediterranean countries. Extracts were applied in an artificial diet at concentrations of 1000 and 2000 ppm. The parameters used to evaluate the activity were larval growth rates; quantity of food ingested; phagodepression/phagostimulation index; quantity of frass produced; quantity of material ingested; duration of larval development; and cumulative mortality. Seed extract showed high bioactivity at both doses, while fruit extract proved to be less active, and only at the higher dose used (2000 ppm) did it display a slight antifeedant activity. The activity of theM. azedarach seed extract at the higher dose (2000 ppm) was comparable to that of pure azadirachtin applied at a dose of 1.25 ppm, or to ‘Mubel’, a commercial extract ofAzadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae), applied at a dose of 75 ppm.     

诱杀植物香根草对稻蛀茎夜蛾幼虫解毒酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的影响

香根草能够有效诱集水稻害虫稻蛀茎夜蛾Sesamia inferens雌成虫在其上产卵,但孵化出的幼虫在香根草上不能完成生活史。为了初步明确香根草对稻蛀茎夜蛾幼虫生理生化水平的影响,本研究分析测定了取食香根草后稻蛀茎夜蛾幼虫体内解毒酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶AChE活性的变化。结果表明:与取食水稻的幼虫相比,取食香根草后幼虫解毒酶谷胱甘肽硫转移酶GSTs和AChE活性显著提高。其他两种解毒酶,羧酸酯酶CarE和细胞色素P450酶活性无显著差异。取食香根草后,4龄幼虫GSTs比活力约为取食水稻的2.1倍;2龄幼虫AChE比活力约为取食水稻的2.9倍。本研究结果表明香根草可能存在某些有毒活性物质或者次生代谢物质,诱导了稻蛀茎夜蛾体内GSTs和AChE的活性,这可能是稻蛀茎夜蛾取食香根草后的应急防御机制之一。此研究结果为深入阐明香根草在生理、生化水平上对稻蛀茎夜蛾幼虫的影响奠定了基础,为开发以香根草为基础的稻蛀茎夜蛾绿色防控新技术提供了理论依据。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺对荻蛀茎害虫的防治效果试验

荻蛀茎夜蛾(Sesamia sp.)、棘禾草螟(Chilo hyrax)是为害芦苇生长的主要害虫,常年发生率高,造成芦苇减产严重。本试验使用氯虫苯甲酰胺对荻蛀茎夜蛾和棘禾草螟进行防治,取得良好效果。     

应用黏胶型性诱捕器对玉米大螟的监测效果及发生期预测研究

通过黏胶型性诱捕器和灯测2种方法对玉米大螟越冬代成虫的同地对比诱测结果表明,黏胶型性诱捕器监测越冬代大螟成虫效果好,其诱蛾趋势和峰型与灯诱基本趋于一致,可用于替代灯诱监测。对比分析发现,大螟性诱测的第2蛾峰高峰日,与灯诱测的雌蛾发蛾高峰期相吻合,可作为性诱简化精准预测第1代大螟发生期的重要依据,具有较强的实际指导价值。可以将该地此蛾峰日、峰日后的7 d分别作为雌蛾的发蛾高峰期、盛末期,不同地区可根据实际确定。在此基础上,再加上相应的产卵前期和卵历期,就可对第1代大螟卵孵高峰期、盛末期作出预测。该法适宜基层测报点推广应用。     

大螟不同地理种群COⅡ基因序列分析

本研究通过对我国大螟Sesamia inferens 9个地理种群的线粒体DNACOII基因的测序,运用软件DNAStar的MegAlign程序分析了大螟不同地理种群之间的COII序列的遗传分歧及相似性;同时运用Mega 3.0软件建立其系统发育关系。结果表明,COII基因在大螟中进化速度较快,不同种群之间已产生较大的差异,序列相似性分析显示大螟种群间序列相似性最低仅为90.7(海南和江西种群),进化分歧矩阵同时也显示差异最大为0.102(云南和江西种群)。此外,以与大螟同属的非洲大螟及螟蛾科的台湾稻螟为外群进行比较显示,COII基因在属内种间差异明显,遗传相似性为87.7~91.8,进化分歧为0.088~0.137;与台湾稻螟的差异最大,相似性仅为82.2~85.8,进化分歧为0.159~0.202。进化树显示,大螟贵州的丹寨种群、沿河种群和福建的福州种群聚为一个分支,江苏扬州种群和江西新余种群聚为一支,安徽的阜阳种群和芜湖种群关系最近,说明不同地理种群的大螟的遗传分化与地理距离之间具有一定的相关性。     

Lethal and Sub-Lethal Effects of Transgenic Rice Containing cry1Ac and CpTI Genes on the Pink Stem Borer,Sesamia inferens（Walker）

Lethal and sub-lethal effects of transgenic rice containing crylAc and CpTI genes on the pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens,were studied to collect information for ecological risk assessment on insect-resistance of transgenic rice. In vitro insectfeeding bioassays were conducted to evaluate the lethal and sub-lethal effects oftransgenic flee lines (Ⅱ YouKF6 and KF6)containing crylAc+CpTI genes on S. inferens at four different growth stages, viz., seedling, tillering and elongation, booting,and milk and maturing. Transgenie rice at seedling stage showed significantly high lethal effect on S. inferens with the shortest lethal duration for 50 and 100% individuals and the highest corrected mortalities after feeding on transgenic lines at this stage for 3 and 6 d. Followed by tillering and elongation stage, 50 and 100% S. inferens were dead after feeding on transgenic lines at this stage for 4 and 10 d, respectively. Moreover, corrected mortalities for 6 d feeding on transgenic lines at this stage were significantly higher than that at booting, and milk and maturing stages. Lethal effect of KF6 on S. inferens decreased significantly at booting stage. Lethal duration for 50% S. inferens significantly extended and its corrected mortalities for 6 d feeding also declined remarkably. However, lethal effect of Ⅱ YouKF6 on S. inferens did not decrease significantly at this stage. Transgenic rice at booting, and milk and maturing stages did not show significant lethal effect to S. inferens and it showed the longest lethal duration for 50% individuals and the lowest corrected mortalities for 3 and 6 d feeding. A few larvae of S. inferens could survive, pupate and emerge on these two transgenic lines at booting, and milk and maturing stages. Sub-lethal effect of two transgenie lines on S. inferens also differed significantly between different developmental stages. Continuously feeding on transgenic rice lines at seedling, and tillering and elongation stages delayed the development of larvae and pupae and decreased pupation rate, but no effect was observed on eclosion rate. Larval development was significantly inhibited after feeding on transgenic rice at booting stage, but no obvious effect was observed in pupal stage, pupation and eclosion rate. There were no significant differences for larval and pupal development, pupation,and eclosion rates between feeding on transgenic and control rice lines at milk and maturing stage. Larval and pupal weights significantly declined, but no influence was observed on fecundity when S. inferens infested on transgenic rice at any stage.These showed that there were significant differences in lethal and sub-lethal effects of transgenic rice on S. inferens among developmental stages, and the effects gradually decreased with the increase of growth stages of rice plant.     

转cry1Ac和CpTI双基因抗虫水稻对二化螟和大螟的致死效应及田间螟虫构成的影响

就转cry1Ac＋CpTI双基因抗虫水稻不同生育期对二化螟Chilo suppressalis和大螟Sesamia inferens的室内致死特性及田间螟虫的构成进行了研究。室内测定结果表明,不同生育期转基因水稻对二化螟、大螟都表现明显的致死效应,但水稻生长后期的致死效果降低。转基因水稻对大螟的致死效应显著弱于对二化螟的,其中,二化螟除在齐穗期和成熟期有少量幼虫（0.5%~6.4%）存活到第4天外,其余均在第4天死亡;大螟在两种转基因水稻上的存活率高于二化螟,且少量个体（<1.6%）还能化蛹、羽化,但化蛹率和羽化率均明显低于在非转基因对照上的。早、晚两季水稻的田间调查结果表明,转基因水稻上两种螟虫虫口数量均显著低于相应的非转基因对照品种,转基因水稻上二化螟虫口减退率>99％;大螟虫口减退率相对较低,早、晚稻上有所不同,其中早稻 >93％,晚稻仅44％～64％。转基因水稻上残存螟虫中,大螟所占比例明显上升,推测转基因水稻对两种螟虫致死效应差异可能是其主要原因。