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1.
利用标记基因追踪病原菌在植物体内的入侵和定殖,是研究病原菌-寄主互作的重要手段。本研究利用电转化法将广宿主载体pBBR1MCS2-Tac-EGFP导入青枯雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)GMI1000菌株中,获得了青枯雷尔氏菌带绿色荧光标记的转化子。转接试验结果表明,转化子的抗生素抗性和绿色荧光强度有良好的遗传稳定性。pBBR1MCS2-Tac-EGFP不影响GMI1000菌株的致病力,且EGFP蛋白能够在植物中稳定表达。灌根法接种试验结果表明,病原菌在第1天即完成对根系的侵染,并在第6天扩散至其他组织,随后造成植株萎蔫。研究结果表明所获转化子可用于后续的病原菌侵染机理等方面的研究。  相似文献   
2.
 星油藤(Plukenetia volubilis L.) 是一种重要的藤本油料植物,在我国华南地区广泛种植。青枯病是近两年在海南星油藤种植区发生的新病害,为探究星油藤青枯病菌的基本特性及种下分化情况,本研究对分离的6株代表菌株进行了相关分析。细菌学鉴定及致病性测定结果表明,该病害是由类茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum)侵染引起。同时,从传统分类及分子生物学不同层面分析了星油藤青枯病菌的遗传分化情况。生理小种及生化变种的测试结果表明,星油藤青枯病菌属于1号生理小种和生化变种Ⅲ;16S rDNA和egl基因部分序列聚类分析显示,星油藤青枯病菌属类茄科雷尔氏菌演化型Ⅰ即亚洲分支菌株,序列变种34。  相似文献   
3.
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a destructive disease for many crops. The aim of this study was to investigate the phylogenetic relationships and genetic structure of an R. solanacearum population from diverse origins in Taiwan. All 58 tested isolates belonged to phylotype I, except the two biovar 2 isolates from potato. These belonged to phylotype IIB sequevar 1 and were identical to known potato brown rot strains, which were probably introduced. Phylotype I isolates were grouped into 10 sequevars. Sequevar 15 was predominant (34 out of 56 isolates). Its distribution covered the whole island and it was largely associated with solanaceous crops such as tomato, and with tomato field soil. A total of 14 haplotypes were identified based on a partial endoglucanase gene sequence. Parsimony network analysis revealed that haplotype A was the oldest haplotype in the local population. It encompassed all but one of the sequevar 15 isolates. Large variation in virulence on tomato was observed among the 58 isolates, and seven pathotypes were identified. Significant genetic differentiation was detected among pathotypes. Moreover, genetic differentiation was detected between biovar 3 and biovar 4 subgroups and between the strains associated with solanaceous and non‐solanaceous species, but none was detected between strains from different geographic origins. The results suggest that the phylotype I population in Taiwan is homogeneous, while mutation and local adaptation to specific ecological niches keep shaping the population.  相似文献   
4.
X. Li  Y. Liu  L. Cai  H. Zhang  J. Shi  Y. Yuan 《Plant pathology》2017,66(8):1345-1356
Tobacco bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious disease affecting tobacco cultivation in southwest China. The response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the optimal conditions of tobacco bacterial wilt, and green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) labelling was applied to monitor the location and survival dynamics of R. solanacearum (Rs::gfp) on tobacco roots and in soil under these optimal conditions. The results showed that the highest wilt incidence was 91.13%, which occurred when the population reached 6.6 × 106 CFU/g soil, the temperature was 30.55 °C, and the humidity was >81.42%. The Rs::gfp densely colonized the root tips and root hairs, and cells of Rs::gfp were observed intermittently in the elongation zone or at the point of the emerging lateral roots. The Rs::gfp number in the rhizosphere soil was 10.75‐, 73.13‐ and 74.86‐times higher than that in the bulk soil at 10, 15 and 20 days after transplantation, respectively. Increased colonization by Rs::gfp was related to the population of the pathogen, the environmental temperature and the humidity in the soil. These three conditions determined whether R. solanacearum would induce tobacco wilt. This is the first study to investigate factors affecting the virulence of a tobacco wilt bacterial pathogen, which is important for conducting field diagnosis and biocontrol of tobacco bacterial wilt.  相似文献   
5.
Ralstonia solanacearum is a phytopathogenic bacterium that colonizes the xylem vessels of host plants leading to a lethal wilt disease. Although several studies have investigated the virulence of R. solanacearum on adult host plants, infection studies of this pathogen on the seedling stages of hosts are less common. In a preliminary observation, inoculation of R. solanacearum F1C1 on 6‐ to 7‐day‐old tomato seedlings by a simple leaf‐clip strategy resulted in a lethal pathogenic condition in seedlings that eventually killed these seedlings within a week post‐inoculation. This prompted testing of the effect of this inoculation technique in seedlings from different cultivars of tomato and similar results were obtained. Colonization and spread of the bacteria throughout the infected seedlings was demonstrated using gus‐tagged R. solanacearum F1C1. The same method of inoculating tomato seedlings was used with R. solanacearum GMI1000 and independent mutants of R. solanacearum GMI1000, deficient in the virulence genes hrpB, hrpG, phcA and gspD. Wildtype R. solanacearum GMI1000 was found to be virulent on tomato seedlings, whereas the mutants were found to be non‐virulent. This leaf‐clip technique, for inoculation of tomato seedlings, has the potential to be a valuable approach, saving time, space, labour and costs.  相似文献   
6.
Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt disease in Solanaceae spp. Expression of the Phytophthora inhibitor protease 1 (PIP1) gene, which encodes a papain‐like extracellular cysteine protease, is induced in R. solanacearum‐inoculated stem tissues of quantitatively resistant tomato cultivar LS‐89, but not in susceptible cultivar Ponderosa. Phytophthora inhibitor protease 1 is closely related to Rcr3, which is required for the Cf‐2‐mediated hypersensitive response (HR) to the leaf mould fungus Cladosporium fulvum and manifestation of HR cell death. However, up‐regulation of PIP1 in R. solanacearum‐inoculated LS‐89 stems was not accompanied by visible HR cell death. Nevertheless, upon electron microscopic examination of inoculated stem tissues of resistant cultivar LS‐89, several aggregated materials associated with HR cell death were observed in xylem parenchyma and pith cells surrounding xylem vessels. In addition, the accumulation of electron‐dense substances was observed within the xylem vessel lumen of inoculated stems. Moreover, when the leaves of LS‐89 or Ponderosa were infiltrated with 106 cells mL?1 R. solanacearum, cell death appeared in LS‐89 at 18 and 24 h after infiltration. The proliferation of bacteria in the infiltrated leaf tissues of LS‐89 was suppressed to approximately 10–30% of that in Ponderosa, and expression of the defence‐related gene PR‐2 and HR marker gene hsr203J was induced in the infiltrated tissues. These results indicated that the response of LS‐89 is a true HR, and induction of vascular HR in xylem parenchyma and pith cells surrounding xylem vessels seems to be associated with quantitative resistance of LS‐89 to R. solanacearum.  相似文献   
7.
一株裂解性青枯雷尔氏菌噬菌体的分离及生物学特性分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
【目的】分离并纯化出一株裂解性青枯雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)噬菌体,并测定其各项生物学特性,为开发新的抗烟草青枯病制剂提供依据。【方法】取烟草青枯病重病田中健康烟株的根际土壤制成土壤悬浮液,并通过在青枯雷尔氏菌菌液中加入过滤后的土壤悬浮液富集噬菌体,用双层平板法验证噬菌体的存在后挑取单个最大噬菌斑进行反复纯化,直到得到单一清晰的噬菌斑。纯化后的单个噬菌斑加入对数早期的青枯雷尔氏菌菌液中进行增殖培养,将增殖液按常规方法进行噬菌体颗粒浓缩后,取20μL浓缩液用磷钨酸染色并通过电子显微镜观察噬菌体的形态特征;同时将浓缩液进行SDS-PAGE电泳,观察蛋白条带大小和数量;用λ噬菌体DNA提取试剂盒提取噬菌体增殖液中的噬菌体核酸进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,确定其基因组片段大小;最后用常规方法测定噬菌体的滴度、最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线,并通过比较加入噬菌体液前后青枯雷尔氏菌菌液的OD600值变化测定其对温度、p H、紫外线、氯仿的敏感性。【结果】分离并纯化出了一株裂解性青枯雷尔氏菌噬菌体,命名为∈RS-1,噬菌斑为圆形,清晰透明,边缘光滑,直径1—2 mm,经电镜观察其形态为蝌蚪状,头部为二十面体的立体对称,直径约为94 nm,并有一带伸缩尾鞘的长尾大约为27 nm×100 nm,按照国际病毒分类委员会分类标准,其属于有尾噬菌体目(Caudovirales),肌尾噬菌体科(Myoviridae)的裂解性噬菌体,核酸性质为ds DNA;噬菌体浓缩液经SDS-PAGE分析至少可以观察到25条蛋白条带,相对分子质量在10—100 k D,说明其蛋白外壳至少含有25个结构蛋白;将提取的DNA进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示其条带大于48 kb,符合肌尾噬菌体科基因组大小范围(31—317 kb);生物学特性的测定显示该噬菌体对青枯雷尔氏菌的最佳感染复数为0.01;其吸附和感染青枯雷尔氏菌时的潜伏期约为30 min,爆发期约为80 min,裂解量约为156;该噬菌体的裂解活性在28℃时最高,在28—50℃均较强,但在温度超过60℃后活性基本丧失;其对酸碱的耐受力较强,在p H 3—8的范围内均有较强的裂解活性,当p H值超过9后活性开始降低;其对紫外线有一定的耐受能力,经紫外线照射0—9 min后裂解活性依然较强,12 min后活性开始下降,21 min后活性基本丧失;其对氯仿不敏感,5%浓度的氯仿对其活性基本没有影响。【结论】分离到了裂解性的青枯雷尔氏菌噬菌体,属于有尾噬菌体目,肌尾噬菌体科,经过测定其各项生物学特性可知其潜伏期较短,裂解能力较强,具有很好的杀菌效果,且其裂解活性持续时间长,并能在不同温度、不同酸碱性的环境内有较强的适应能力,具有开发为抗青枯雷尔氏菌菌剂的潜力。  相似文献   
8.
9.
青枯菌为应对逆境胁迫,可进入活的但非可培养状态(viable but non-eulturable,VBNC).本文利用叠氮溴化丙锭(PMA)与PCR技术相结合,建立了一种快速有效区分青枯菌死活细胞的分子检测方法.基于hrcS基因序列,设计了一对青枯菌种特异性检测引物hrcSf/hrcSr;利用PMA对青枯菌Po82菌株的细胞悬浮液样品进行预处理,随后进行常规PCR扩增.结果表明,当样品中PMA质量浓度为3 μg/mL、曝光时间大于5 min时,PMA可有效抑制死亡菌体细胞中的DNA扩增;且对可培养和VBNC状态细胞中的DNA扩增没有影响;本试验建立的PMA-PCR方法能有效对包括VBNC状态在内的青枯菌活菌进行检测,避免了假阳性与假阴性结果的产生.  相似文献   
10.
为了有效利用芽胞杆菌资源,本研究采用抑菌圈法从不同地理来源的芽胞杆菌中筛选出24个对青枯雷尔氏菌具有拮抗作用的菌株。其中,6个菌株对青枯雷尔氏菌的抑菌圈直径大于14.00 mm,菌株FJAT-11709的抑菌圈直径最大,为14.78 mm。盆栽试验比较了6个菌株对番茄青枯病的防治效果,结果表明,菌株FJAT-20261和FJAT-19700防效最好,分别达72.73%和67.77%。通过形态特征、生理生化测定及16S r RNA基因序列分析,菌株FJAT-20261和FJAT-19700分别被鉴定为耐寒短杆芽胞杆菌和特基拉芽胞杆菌。本文报道这2种芽胞杆菌对青枯雷尔氏菌具有拮抗作用,为青枯病的生物防治提供了新的菌株资源。  相似文献   
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