北疆不同草地类型MODIS植被指数的时空变化研究

利用卫星遥感数据TERRA/MODIS,以2004、2005年5-10月的月度变化为例,分析了北疆试验区高寒草甸、高寒草原、温性草原化荒漠、人工草地和沼泽5种草地类型植被指数(MODIS-EVI、NDVI)在各个生长阶段的变化,从而反映5种草地类型生长状况及其特性.研究结果表明,5种草地类型增强型植被指数(EVI)均比归一化植被指数(NDVI)小,两者月度变化趋势基本一致,但EVI变化幅度比NDVI小.在高寒草原、高寒草甸、温性草原化荒漠草地类型上EVI比NDVI更稳定,但在沼泽多水的自然环境和人工草地上,EVI波动幅度大于NDVI.     

玉溪市林分植被覆盖变化及驱动力分析

林分植被覆盖在很大程度上能够反映林分生态系统的健康与否,其时空变化是林分生态系统发展方向的判断依据。对玉溪市2010—2019年林分植被覆盖的时空格局变化进行了分析,并利用单因素和多元回归分析方法分别建立回归模型探索了林分植被覆盖改善与退化的驱动因素。结果表明:林分植被覆盖整体呈向好趋势,各驱动因素与斜率均不是简单线性关系;道路和居民区与林分植被覆盖改善速度呈负相关、与退化速度呈正相关;DEM、坡度、大型水体、公益林管护与林分植被覆盖改善速度呈正相关、与退化速度呈负相关;坡向与林分植被覆盖改善速度呈正相关,地形起伏度与林分植被覆盖退化速度呈负相关。林分植被覆盖改善与退化的驱动力不尽相同,影响机制也存在差异,这为更好制定生态保护相关政策提供了有力的科学依据。     

区域植被对不同时间尺度气象干旱的响应——以贵州省为例

为探究贵州省植被生长变化趋势对多时间尺度气象干旱的响应,基于2001—2020年的逐月MODIS-NDVI、EVI影像和气象数据,利用皮尔森相关系数、slope趋势性分析等方法,对贵州省20 a的植被生长状况及气象干旱时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)贵州省不同时间尺度下的SPEI在整体上呈现出缓慢增加趋势,表明干旱程度有所降低; 空间分布上干旱化趋势表现在北部的遵义、铜仁及黔西南地区。(2)贵州省植被生长状况整体呈现出增加趋势,空间分布上的黔东南地区以降低趋势为主,毕节西部地区以增长趋势为主;(3)贵州省植被生长状况与不同时间尺度的气象干旱呈现出不同程度的正相关性,以贵州省植被在黔西南和北部地区对干旱的响应最强,其次为贵阳和毕节东部; 不同的土地利用类型中,草地对SPEI₃的响应最强,其次为耕地和林地; 生长季内的不同植被类型对SPEI₃和SPEI₁₂的响应较强。综上,贵州省植被和气象干旱时空分布特征存在一定的差异性,且不同植被类型对不同时间尺度气象干旱的响应情况也有所差别。     

基于时间序列MODIS EVI数据的森林生长异常监测

利用遥感技术,基于时间序列的MODIS数据对2004—2006年东北三省的林区进行森林生长异常监测。首先利用MODIS数据时间分辨率高的特点,采用Savitzky-Golay滤波函数平滑8天合成的EVI,计算生长季面积和年EVI曲线熵值,两指标联合得到3年间变化量大的像素点,定义为森林生长异常点;然后抽取异常点的时间序列曲线进行分析,并结合森林灾害事件进行比较验证。结果表明:异常点曲线的熵值明显大于正常年,生长季峰值低,并且在生长旺季会出现峰值突然持续下降或双峰等异常现象,这与该区域森林生长异常发生时的植被反射率表征一致,说明用该法对森林生长异常进行监测是基本可行的。     

京津冀MODIS长时序增强型植被指数拟合重建方法适用性研究

长时间序列植被指数拟合重建的结果可为植被变化动态监测及物候信息提取、生物量信息提取、农作物产量预测及面积估算、生态质量评价及生态系统碳循环研究等提供更精准、更可靠的数据来源,从而有效反映生态环境质量。MODIS EVI数据虽经过最大值合成(MVC)处理,但仍存在云、冰雪、气溶胶等噪声。该文基于Timesat软件中非对称高斯函数拟合法(AG)、双Logistic函数拟合法(DL)、SG滤波法(SG)3种方法对京津冀2001—2015年MODIS EVI时间序列数据进行拟合重建,从时间序列、空间格局两个维度,并结合数理统计方法,对比分析了不同方法的拟合效果。结果表明:噪声比与拟合重建的方法无明显相关关系。在去噪效果和保真性、拟合优度等方面,AG拟合和DL拟合整体无明显差异,在部分像元点上AG拟合表现出更好的重建效果。SG方法可以更有效的保留原始植被特征。3种方法重建后的效果表现出与地类空间分布相关的差异性。对于京津冀地区长时序数据,AG拟合在人类扰动较小的草地、森林和灌木地区域表现出更好的重建效果,SG方法在人类活动干扰更强的耕地区域重建效果更优。     

基于植被指数特征和空间分析的石漠化信息提取

通过对多光谱数据谱间特征与多种植被指数差异分析,采用改进的EVI指数提取石漠化信息,并使用NDWI指数修正水体信息,结合空间坡度分析进行决策树分析,提高信息提取精度。以贵州省务川仡佬族苗族自治县CBERS-02B星CCD数据为例,研究最新的中巴资源一号02B星在采用植被指数特征和空间决策树分析对石漠化信息快速的准确性。研究表明这一方法可以克服只靠单一指数提取出现信息混淆问题,共抽查203个图斑,其中石漠化图斑179个,误判图斑19个,漏判的石漠化图斑5个,其总精度判率88.2%,是一种快速有效提取石漠化信息的方法。     

基于MODIS／EVI时间序列数据分析冰冻灾害对植被绿叶始期的影响

在全球气候变化的研究中,植被物候与气候的关系是一个重要的课题,它显示陆地生态系统对全球变化的响应。笔者用2005～2008年1～7月每8d时间序列的MODIS／EVI数据及其相应的地面数据,运用时间序列谐波分析（HANTS）算法对EVI数据进行去云处理。对处理后的结果,采用动态阈值法获取该区域2005～2008年植被物候（生长始期）及其分布格局,并将冰冻灾害年份跟正常年份植被物候分布格局进行对比,分析冰冻灾害对该地区植被物候的影响。结果表明,处理后的EVI数据能较好地反映冰冻灾害对植被物候的影响,准确地反映了冰冻灾害的实际影响范围。该研究结果说明,通过HANTS法分析卫星遥感数据可较为准确地反映植被的生态特征。     

太阳辐射强度与观测角度对冬小麦冠层反射高光谱的影响

掌握冠层反射光谱二向性反射特征,对提高遥感应用精度有重要意义。该文利用地面自动遥感平台对冬小麦冠层进行了连续观测,获取了大量的多角度高光谱遥感数据,分析了多种因素对冠层反射光谱的影响,并进行了NDVI与EVI的对比分析。结果表明:冠层反射光谱对天气有响应,随着太阳辐射增加冠层反射光谱增高,晴天变化更明显;观测角度的改变导致冠层反射光谱的差异,可用"热点效应"加"镜面反射"解释;与上述条件相适应,NDVI与EVI也表现出与冠层反射光谱相似变化;受红光和近红外波段的变化影响,NDVI与EVI之间的变化趋势较一致,两者相关系数R20.72,且P0.01,呈极显著相关。该研究结果可为遥感观测角度的选择设计和植被指数的应用提供理论参考。     

Spatial Exploration of Multiple Cropping Efficiency in China Based on Time Series Remote Sensing Data and Econometric Model

This study explored spatial explicit multiple cropping efficiency(MCE) of China in 2005 by coupling time series remote sensing data with an econometric model-stochastic frontier analysis(SFA).We firstly extracted multiple cropping index(MCI) on the basis of the close relationship between crop phenologies and moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) enhanced vegetation index(EVI) value.Then,SFA model was employed to calculate MCE,by considering several indicators of meteorological conditions as inputs of multiple cropping systems and the extracted MCI was the output.The result showed that 46% of the cultivated land in China in 2005 was multiple cropped,including 39% doublecropped land and 7% triple-cropped land.Most of the multiple cropped land was distributed in the south of Great Wall.The total efficiency of multiple cropping in China was 87.61% in 2005.Southwestern China,Ganxin Region,the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and Huanghuaihai Plain were the four agricultural zones with the largest rooms for increasing MCI and improving MCE.Fragmental terrain,soil salinization,deficiency of water resources,and loss of labor force were the obstacles for MCE promotion in different zones.The method proposed in this paper is theoretically reliable for MCE extraction,whereas further studies are need to be done to investigate the most proper indicators of meteorological conditions as the inputs of multiple cropping systems.     

Assessing eddy-covariance flux tower location bias across the Fluxnet-Canada Research Network based on remote sensing and footprint modelling

We describe an approach for evaluating the representativeness of eddy covariance flux measurements and assessing sensor location bias (SLB) based on footprint modelling and remote sensing. This approach was applied to the 12 main sites of the Fluxnet-Canada Research Network (FCRN)/Canadian Carbon Program (CCP) located along an east-west continental-scale transect, covering grassland, forest, and wetland biomes. For each site, monthly and annual footprint climatologies (i.e. monthly or annual cumulative footprints) were calculated using the Simple Analytical Footprint model on Eulerian coordinates (SAFE). The resulting footprint climatologies were then overlaid on to images of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) derived from LANDSAT Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery, which were used as surrogates of land surface fluxes to estimate SLB. Results indicate that (i) the sizes of annual footprint climatology increased exponentially with increasing cumulative footprint percentages and, for a given percentage of footprint climatology, the footprint areas were significantly different among the sites. Typically, the 90% annual footprint climatology areas varied from 1.1 km² to 5.0 km²; (ii) using either NDVI or EVI as the flux surrogate, the SLB was less than 5% for most sites with respect to the reference area of interest (A_r) at 90% annual footprint climatology (scenario A) and a circular area with radius of 1 km centred at the individual tower (scenario B), with several exceptions; (iii) the SLB decreased with increasing size of footprint climatology for all sites for both scenarios A and B; (iv) out of 12, eight flux towers represented most of the ecosystem surrounding the towers for an area of 0.3 km² up to 10 km² with a satisfactorily low bias of <5%, whereas four towers represented areas ranging from only 0.75 to 4 km²; and (v) the seasonal differences in monthly SLB using NDVI as a flux surrogate were about 1-4% for most sites for both scenarios A and B.