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1.
【目的】由Dickeya zeae引起的水稻基腐病是水稻上重要细菌病害之一,迄今对该病原细菌的致病性调控研究尚不完善。论文旨在分析水稻基腐病菌(Dickeya zeae)双组分调控系统HrpX/HrpY的序列特征,研究该系统在水稻基腐细菌中的功能作用以及与下游基因的调控关系。【方法】对HrpX/HrpY序列进行生物信息学分析,构建带有反向筛选标记基因scaB的自杀重组质粒pKNG-ΔhrpX和pKNG-ΔhrpY,通过三亲转化方法分别将重组质粒导入野生型菌株EC1中,通过2次等位基因同源重组筛选获得基因缺失突变体ΔhrpX和ΔhrpY;比较突变体与野生菌的生长速率、胞外酶活性、毒素活性、运动性、菌膜形成能力,以及对水稻的致病性和对烟草的过敏性反应(HR);进一步提取细菌总RNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR研究HrpX/HrpY双组分系统对下游基因表达量的影响。【结果】水稻基腐病菌EC1基因组中,hrpX和hrpY均为单拷贝,hrpX编码区长1 473 bp,编码490个氨基酸,hrpY长642 bp,编码213个氨基酸,hrpX和hrpY两者之间相隔32 bp,具有相同的转录方向,在功能上具有相关性。其中,HrpX是一个结合在膜上的组氨酸蛋白激酶,HrpY是存在细胞质中的效应调节蛋白,HrpX/HrpY两者构成双组分系统,并对下游hrp基因的表达具有调控作用。进一步通过遗传操作手段,成功构建了基因缺失突变体ΔhrpX和ΔhrpY,表型测定结果表明,突变体ΔhrpX和ΔhrpY的运动性减弱、菌膜形成能力降低、对水稻种子萌发的抑制作用减弱,且降低了对水稻的致病力,但ΔhrpX和ΔhrpY的生长速率、胞外酶和毒素的活性变化不明显,也不影响其在烟草上的HR。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,突变体菌株ΔhrpX和ΔhrpY相对野生菌EC1表达量明显下降的基因有hrpA、hrpF和hrpN,而对毒素合成基因zmsA表达量的差异不明显,HrpX/HrpY双组分系统对hrp基因簇中大部分下游基因都有正调控作用,且HrpY的调控作用更加明显。【结论】HrpX/HrpY是水稻基腐病细菌中的一个双组分系统,调节病原细菌的运动性、菌膜的形成和病菌的致病力,正向调控一些下游hrp基因的表达。  相似文献   
2.
The goal of this research was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for potato tuber resistance to the soil- and seedborne bacterium Dickeya solani and for tuber starch content, to study the relationship between these traits. A resistant diploid hybrid of potato, DG 00-270, was crossed with a susceptible hybrid, DG 08-305, to generate the F1 mapping population. Tubers that were wound-inoculated with bacteria were evaluated for disease severity, expressed as the mean weight of rotted tubers, and disease incidence, measured as the proportion of rotten tubers. Diversity array technology (DArTseq) was used for genetic map construction and QTL analysis. The most prominent QTLs for disease severity and incidence were identified in overlapping regions on potato chromosome IV and explained 22.4% and 22.9% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. The second QTL for disease severity was mapped to chromosome II and explained 16.5% of the variance. QTLs for starch content were detected on chromosomes III, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, XI, and XII in regions different from the QTLs for soft rot resistance. Two strong and reproducible QTLs for resistance to D. solani on potato chromosomes IV and II might be useful for further study of candidate genes and marker development in potato breeding programmes. The relationship between tuber resistance to bacteria and the starch content in potato tubers was not confirmed by QTL mapping, which makes the selection of genotypes highly resistant to soft rot with a desirable starch content feasible.  相似文献   
3.
甘薯茎腐病症状及其病原鉴定   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
甘薯茎腐病是危害甘薯的一种严重病害,甘薯茎、叶柄、叶片和块根均可被害。该病典型症状是茎基部发黑和变软腐烂,叶发黄,茎和块根维管束黑褐色,引起块根腐烂、有臭味。通过对甘薯茎腐病典型症状样本的采集、病原菌的分离和纯化以及致病性测定,明确该病害是一种细菌病害。通过对甘薯茎腐病菌的菌体形态和培养特性观察发现,病原菌是革兰氏阴性细菌,菌体短杆状,大小约为2.36μm×0.4μm,周生鞭毛,可在烟草上激发过敏性反应(HR)。Biolog测定、脂肪酸分析、16S rDNA序列分析、MALDI-TOF质谱鉴定和8个看家基因(dnaX、rplB、fusA、gapA、gyrA、purA、recA和rpoS)的序列系统发育分析,发现该病原菌与达旦提狄克氏菌Dickeya dadantii高度一致。这些结果说明,浙江省发生的小番薯病害是甘薯茎腐病,病原为D.dadantii。  相似文献   
4.
5.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) were used to analyse 63 bacterial strains, including 30 soft‐rot‐causing bacterial strains collected from Syrian potato fields and 33 reference strains. For the MLSA, additional sequences of 41 strains of Pectobacterium and Dickeya, available from the NCBI GenBank, were included to produce a single alignment of the 104 taxa for the seven concatenated genes (acnA, gapA, proA, icd, mtlD, mdh and pgi). The results indicate the need for a revision of the previously classified strains, as some potato‐derived Pectobacterium carotovorum strains were re‐identified as P. wasabiae. The strains that were classified as P. carotovorum during the analyses demonstrated high heterogeneity and grouped into five P. carotovorum highly supported clusters (PcI to PcV). The strains represented a wide range of host plants including potatoes, cabbage, avocados, arum lilies, sugar cane and more. Host specificity was detected in PcV, in which four of the six strains were isolated from monocotyledonous plants. The PcV strains formed a clearly distinct group in all the constructed phylogenetic trees. The number of strains phylogenetically classified as subspecies ‘P. c. subsp. brasiliensis’ in PcIV dramatically increased in size as a result of the characterization of new isolates or re‐identification of previous P. carotovorum and P. atrosepticum strains. The P. carotovorum strains from Syria were grouped into PcI, PcII and PcIV. This grouping indicates a lack of correlation between the geographical origin and classification of these pathogens.  相似文献   
6.
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused principally by Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum), is a devastating disease of small grains such as wheat and barley worldwide. Grain infected with G. zeae may be contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). Strains of G. zeae that produce DON may also produce acetylated derivatives of DON: 3‐acetyl‐DON (3‐ADON) and 15‐acetyl‐DON (15‐ADON). Gradients (clines) of 3‐ADON genotypes in Canada have raised questions about the distribution of G. zeae trichothecene genotypes in wheat fields in the eastern USA. Tri3 and Tri12 genotypes were evaluated in 998 isolates of G. zeae collected from 39 winter wheat fields in New York (NY), Pennsylvania (PA), Maryland (MD), Virginia (VA), Kentucky (KY) and North Carolina (NC). Ninety‐two percent (919/998) of the isolates were 15‐ADON, 7% (69/998) were 3‐ADON, and 1% (10/998) was NIV. A phylogenetic analysis based on portions of three genes (PHO, RED and URA) from 23 isolates revealed two species of Fusarium (F. graminearum sensu stricto and one isolate of F. cerealis (synonym F. crookwellense)). An increasing trend of 3‐ADON genotypes was observed from NC (south) to NY (north). Punctuated episodes of atmospheric transport may favour a higher frequency of 3‐ADON genotypes in the northeastern USA, near Canada, compared with the mid‐Atlantic states. Discoveries of the NIV genotype in NY and NC indicate the need for more intensive sampling in the surrounding regions.  相似文献   
7.
朱友林  刘纪麟 《作物学报》1990,16(2):131-138
玉米自交系对镰刀菌茎腐病的抗性存在着广泛的遗传变异(gcv=18.37%),并具有较高的遗传力(h~2=84.87%)。随着玉米年龄的增大,髓组织密度与髓组织含糖量间的相关系数的绝对值逐渐增大,在抽雄后19天和28天,正相关性达到了极显著水平。病害发展过程中各时期的髓组织密度对茎腐病级别的总效应和直接效应皆为负值;不同时期的髓组织  相似文献   
8.
广东水稻细菌性基腐病的致病性及生物学特性研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过一系列的细菌学性状的致病性试验,鉴定出广东省水稻一种新病害-水稻细菌性基腐病的病原为菊欧氏杆菌玉米致病变种Erwinia chysanthemi pv.zeae,并对该病原菌的生物学特性进行了进一步的研究。结果表明:病菌生长的最低温度为12℃,适宜温度范围28 ̄36℃,其中以32℃最适,最高温度41℃,致死温度53℃、10min。该病菌生长的pH值范围为pH5 ̄11,其中pH7最适宜。  相似文献   
9.
 本研究以硝酸盐营养缺陷型突变体(nit)和多菌灵抗性为遗传标记,在5个所选菌株中设计了3个玉蜀黍赤霉病菌Gibberella zeae的杂交组合,使各菌株之间进行杂交,从而诱导有性重组体。从各杂交组合的后代中任意挑选出3个有性重组体,比较了这些有性重组体与其亲本在无性和有性阶段的主要生物学性状。结果表明,玉蜀黍赤霉中的nit基因及对杀菌剂多菌灵的抗药性基因可以通过有性杂交的方式重组,即发生了有性重组。有性重组体与其亲本在菌落生长、培养性状和致病性方面没有显著差异;但某些有性重组体中,产孢量和产子囊壳能力方面存在一定差异。总体看来,有性重组体仍然保持了较高的适合度。因此,可以认为有性重组在玉蜀黍赤霉群体对多菌灵抗药性发生发展以及群体遗传进化中可能起着重要的作用。  相似文献   
10.
水稻细菌性基腐病品种抗性鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对42个水稻品种进行了基腐病抗性鉴定,结果表明:Ⅱ优128、特优63、培杂72、培杂77、博优713等5个水稻品种表现为高抗基腐病;培杂981、博优122、大丰占、博优903等21个水稻品种表现为中抗;三二矮、特籼13等10个水稻品种表现为中感;95占、雪花占、三七早占等6个水稻品种表现为高感.  相似文献   
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